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380:. The boy, born about 1780, was known as Azar Le Guen. De Grasse brought the boy back to Paris with him for his education and formally adopted him, naming him George de Grasse. After his father's death, the young man went to the United States by 1799, where he settled in New York City. He worked for a time for
358:. Auguste had a career in the French army and inherited his father's title as count in 1788. His younger brother Maxime died young in 1773. They had four sisters: Amélie Rosalie Maxime, Adélaide, Melanie Veronique Maxime, and Silvie de Grasse. Silvie married M. Francis de Pau in
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1089:
702:, inherited the title of Comte de Grasse-Tilly. He was stationed in Saint-Domingue in 1789 as a naval officer, and acquired a large plantation and 200 slaves. He was joined by his stepmother and sisters.
709:, Auguste de Grasse was among the officers who surrendered and were allowed to leave. He migrated with his family (including his four sisters, who had joined him) and settled for several years in
855:
of
Norwegian America Lines, which was introduced in 1971. The first ship was famous world-wide, serving the transatlantic route; it later was used by the Allies as a troop ship in World War II.
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After his wife
Antoinette died young, de Grasse married again, to Catherine Pien, widow of M. de Villeneuve. She also died before him. Thirdly, he married Marie Delphine Lazare de Cibon.
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384:, likely meeting him through a connection of his father's. Burr gave him two lots of land in Manhattan, and George de Grasse became a naturalized citizen in 1804.
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broke out when
American colonists rebelled against British rule. France supplied the colonists with covert aid, but remained officially neutral until 1778. The
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served the Le Havre–Southampton–West Indies service with little success, as ships were being replaced by the airlines. She was sold off in 1973.
647:. An inquiry into the events of the battle started in 1783, ending in 1784 in acquittal for most of the officers involved, including de Grasse.
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527:. De Grasse was promoted to lieutenant-general of the Navy (equivalent to vice-admiral) in March 1781, and was successful in defeating Admiral
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officer and nobleman. He is best known for his strategically decisive victory over the
British while in command of the French fleet at the
323:. De Grasse was widely criticised for his defeat in the battle. On his return to France in 1784, he blamed his captains for the defeat. A
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1228:"Herbert Hoover: Message to Dedication Ceremonies for a Monument of Admiral Comte de Grasse at the Trocadero Palace in Paris, France"
354:
De Grasse married
Antoinette Rosalie Accaron in 1764, and they had six children who survived to adulthood, among them his eldest son
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in south-eastern France, the last child of
Francois de Grasse Rouville, Marquis de Grasse. He earned his title and supported his
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A statue of
Admiral de Grasse is in the Place de la Tour of Le Bar-sur-Loup, the French village where he was born and grew up.
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De Grasse was released to return to France, where he was strongly criticized for his defeat in the
Caribbean. He published a
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He was taken to London for a time. While there, he briefly took part in the negotiations that laid the foundations for the
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but after a period of only around one week was permitted to leave on the first convoy to
England. Here he was landed on
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636:, which brought the American Revolutionary War to an end. It also realigned control of some of the Caribbean islands.
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The
Operations of the French Fleet Under the Count de Grasse in 1781-2: As Described in Two Contemporaneous Journals
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The Operations of the French Fleet Under the Count de Grasse in 1781-2: As Described in Two Contemporaneous Journals
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In his later years, he wrote a memoir about his father and his own travels in the New World, published in 1840 as
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He participated in French naval action in India during the Seven Years' War. He was intermittently stationed in
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After this action, de Grasse returned with his fleet to the Caribbean. In 1782, a British fleet under Admiral
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as commander of a squadron; they were operating to counter the Royal Navy of Britain. He contributed to the
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De Grasse returned his fleet to the Caribbean. He was less fortunate in 1782 and was defeated at the
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in September 1781. He drew away the British forces and blockaded the coast until Lieutenant General
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was the first African American to graduate from medical school and became a respected physician in
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609:. Shortly afterward, in April 1782, Admiral de Grasse was again defeated, and taken prisoner by
1049:"The Operations of the French Fleet Under the Count de Grasse in 1781-2: As ... - Google Books"
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in battles against the Turks and the Moors. In 1740 at the age of 17, he formally entered the
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1962:
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1940:
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671:
626:
396:
395:; he served as a surgeon in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The eldest son,
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82:
62:
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Notice+biographique+sur+l'amiral+comte+de+Grasse+d'apr%C3%A8s+les+documents+in%C3%A9dits.
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came to power, Auguste de Grasse resumed his military career, this time in the army.
644:
590:
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in 1799. Silvie, the youngest, married and moved with her husband to New York City.
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A monument was installed to commemorate Admiral de Grasse and his sailors at the
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2531:
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885:
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485:, and France entered the war on behalf of the rebels and against Great Britain.
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and was re-presented with his own sword, surrendered to Rodney at The Saintes.
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Notice biographique sur l'amiral comte de Grasse d'après les documents inédits
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373:
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beach, allegedly to much applause. In August he was granted an audience with
3002:
1761:
1607:
577:
when they appealed for his aid in 1781, setting sail with 3,000 troops from
508:
1338:
Spanish and Latin American assistance to de Grasse in the Yorktown Campaign
814:, commissioned a monument of Admiral de Grasse in 1931 to be placed at the
550:, and de Grasse, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the victory at the
403:, who became a renowned restaurant entrepreneur and civil rights activist.
2935:
1592:
1108:
P. Kanakamedala, "George DeGrasse a South Asian in Early African America"
721:
705:
After the Royal Navy defeated the French fleet there in 1793, during the
675:
622:
497:
435:
377:
343:
66:
1327:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 369.
774:
A statue of Admiral de Grasse was installed at the riverwalk landing in
1638:
1114:, ed. by Anupama Arora & Rajender Kaur; Springer, 2017, pp. 228-243
851:, one built in 1924 in Scotland, and the other formally the 1956-built
387:
George de Grasse married well and educated his three children: his son
399:, became a Protestant Episcopal minister, and daughter Serena married
1283:
Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present
532:
424:
392:
327:
exonerated all of his captains, effectively ending his naval career.
1337:
1332:"1782 Caricature of De Grasse, Admiral Rodney and King George III"
858:
819:
738:
683:
537:
456:
445:, de Grasse helped rebuild the French navy in the years after the
3142:
3067:
2566:
1902:
1397:
1359:
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surrendered at Yorktown, ensuring the independence of the new
286:
François Joseph Paul, Comte de Grasse, Marquis of Grasse-Tilly
368:
In addition, while in service in India during and after the
3431:
French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
1343:
488:
As a commander of a division, Comte de Grasse served under
1269:
La Marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XV
1787:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
443:
Britain's victory over the French in the Seven Years' War
515:
that year, and took part in the three actions fought by
465:(1781), painting by V. Zveg from the collections of the
304:. It directly led to the Franco-American victory at the
694:
His grown children from his marriages all emigrated to
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2056:
2009:
1976:
1939:
1932:
1834:
1677:
1576:
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in Burlington, Vermont, named for Admiral de Grasse
720:After returning to France in the early 1800s after
411:At the age of eleven (1734), de Grasse entered the
271:
176:
166:
158:
139:
104:
92:
72:
49:
39:
23:
810:, an American resident of France since the end of
1346:, National Park Service, Cape Henry, Yorktown, VA
496:from July 23 to 27, 1778. The battle, fought off
362:, and raised a family with him in New York City.
617:. He initially sailed with the British fleet to
3441:French Navy personnel who were court-martialed
3235:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
1318:"Grasse, François Joseph Paul, Comte de"
559:Battle of the Chesapeake and Yorktown campaign
438:(now Kolkata), India, from the 1760s to 1781.
1371:
8:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1112:India in the American Imaginary, 1780s–1880s
376:, French-Indian boy with an Indian woman in
292:(13 September 1722 – 11 January 1788) was a
2348:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
1276:Admiral de Grasse and American independence
933:. (commissioned 1978, decommissioned 1998).
915:has had three vessels named in his honour:
372:, de Grasse is believed to have fathered a
3225:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
3154:
3139:
3064:
2992:
2724:
2581:
2574:
2563:
2438:
1936:
1929:
1899:
1479:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
1408:
1394:
1378:
1364:
1356:
308:and helped secure the independence of the
31:
20:
1122:
1120:
542:U.S. postage stamp, 1931 issue, honoring
1208:Burridge, Pauline E. (3 December 1930).
1103:
1101:
663:. He was also a member of the American
1168:"François-Joseph-Paul, count de Grasse"
1039:
319:defeated and captured de Grasse at the
3230:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War
926:, a large multi-role destroyer of the
194:First Battle of Cape Finisterre (1747)
1736:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
1214:Vermont Alumni Weekly, Vol. X, No. 10
888:has named two vessels in his honour:
419:of the Grand Master. He served as an
171:Lieutenant général des armées navales
7:
3345:Daughters of the American Revolution
1695:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
1350:William Cowper poem, "The Colubriad"
1197:. Proceedings, U.S. Naval Institute.
356:Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse
3340:Children of the American Revolution
3220:Timeline of the American Revolution
1210:"Glimpses of Grasse Mount, Part II"
490:Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers
2001:European allies of King George III
1857:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
1792:Committee of Secret Correspondence
1454:No taxation without representation
1344:"Admiral Comte de Grasse Memorial"
1250:Picture History of the French Line
14:
3367:Museum of the American Revolution
1230:. Presidency.ucsb.edu. 4 May 1931
847:was the name of two medium-sized
765:Colonial National Historical Park
655:De Grasse was a Commander of the
3255:Continental Currency dollar coin
3240:Women in the American Revolution
1303:"Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse"
1095:, Bradford Club, 1864, pp. 22-23
1015:
1001:
987:
973:
784:Sometime between 1829 and 1839,
503:In 1779, he joined the fleet of
300:in 1781 in the last year of the
275:
146:
123:
109:
16:French Navy officer and nobleman
3350:Sons of the American Revolution
896:(in service from 1956 to 1973).
3250:Continental currency banknotes
2338:Staten Island Peace Conference
678:) in 1788; his tomb is in the
661:Order of St. John of Jerusalem
184:War of the Austrian Succession
25:François Joseph Paul de Grasse
1:
2044:German supporters of Congress
1742:Massachusetts Circular Letter
1193:Miles, A. H. (January 1929).
1183:London magazine - August 1782
1137:"François-Joseph-Paul Grasse"
967:, a patrol boat used in 1918.
831:St. Lawrence County, New York
757:Joint Expeditionary Base East
3411:Burials at Saint-Roch, Paris
1725:Committees of correspondence
713:. Two sisters died there of
475:American War of Independence
453:American War of Independence
201:American War of Independence
3446:History of Îles des Saintes
3406:People from Alpes-Maritimes
3362:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
2393:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
2378:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
2152:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
1807:Declaration of Independence
1772:Second Continental Congress
1069:Shea, John Gilmary (1864).
1047:Shea, John Gilmary (1864).
849:French Line passenger ships
745:Church of Saint-Roch, Paris
226:Battle of Martinique (1780)
98:Church of Saint-Roch, Paris
3467:
3245:Financial costs of the war
1752:First Continental Congress
1603:Royal Proclamation of 1763
1548:Second Rockingham ministry
1387:American Revolutionary War
763:. It is maintained by the
711:Charleston, South Carolina
670:Admiral de Grasse died at
467:Hampton Roads Naval Museum
360:Charleston, South Carolina
302:American Revolutionary War
3153:
3138:
3099:Constitutional Convention
3079:Society of the Cincinnati
3074:
3063:
2573:
2562:
2368:Carlisle Peace Commission
2202:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
1928:
1898:
1867:Hutchinson letters affair
1817:Articles of Confederation
1664:Proclamation of Rebellion
1528:First Rockingham ministry
1472:All men are created equal
1407:
1393:
1252:, Dover Publishing, 1997.
743:Tomb of de Grasse in the
665:Society of the Cincinnati
336:François-Joseph de Grasse
30:
2363:Entry of France into war
1978:Kingdom of Great Britain
1281:Stewart, William (2009)
761:Virginia Beach, Virginia
591:United States of America
583:Battle of the Chesapeake
483:Franco-American alliance
463:Battle of the Chesapeake
389:John van Salee de Grasse
298:Battle of the Chesapeake
241:Battle of the Chesapeake
3094:Ratification Day (1784)
2419:Second Anglo-Mysore War
2103:Northern after Saratoga
2083:New York and New Jersey
1757:Continental Association
1654:Conciliatory Resolution
1513:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
1486:Consent of the governed
1324:Encyclopædia Britannica
1248:William H. Miller Jr.,
1195:"A Great Forgotten Man"
1172:Encyclopædia Britannica
574:Expédition Particulière
563:De Grasse responded to
338:was born and raised at
256:Siege of Brimstone Hill
189:Battle of Toulon (1744)
3355:Sons of the Revolution
3084:Treaty of Paris (1783)
2414:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
2409:Cherokee–American wars
2022:Franco-American Treaty
1877:Philadelphia Tea Party
1847:Treaty of Paris (1763)
1826:Confederation Congress
1419:American Enlightenment
1340:, Our American History
867:
829:, which flows through
747:
555:
494:First Battle of Ushant
470:
447:Treaty of Paris (1763)
397:Isaiah George DeGrasse
3300:Washington's Birthday
3105:The Federalist Papers
3089:Evacuation Day (1783)
2142:Lexington and Concord
1842:French and Indian War
1782:Olive Branch Petition
1307:Catholic Encyclopedia
1265:Lacour-Gayet, Georges
1126:Stewart (2008), p.95.
894:anti-aircraft cruiser
862:
769:National Park Service
742:
634:Peace of Paris (1783)
615:Battle of the Saintes
597:Battle of the Saintes
541:
460:
321:Battle of the Saintes
261:Battle of the Saintes
159:Years of service
3436:French Navy admirals
3305:Jefferson's Birthday
3295:Pulaski Memorial Day
2302:Guilford Court House
1953:Continental Congress
1730:Committees of safety
1705:Daughters of Liberty
1700:Virginia Association
1449:Rights of Englishmen
1274:Lewis, Charles Lee.
995:North America portal
981:United States portal
841:, are named for him.
833:, and the hamlet of
808:A. Kingsley Macomber
735:Memorials and honors
680:church of Saint-Roch
659:and a Knight of the
641:Mémoire justificatif
525:Battle of Martinique
231:Battle of Fort Royal
216:Invasion of Dominica
2433:colony or location)
2388:Newburgh Conspiracy
2247:Sullivan Expedition
1767:Provincial Congress
1558:Fox–North coalition
1497:Settler colonialism
1444:Freedom of religion
1401:American Revolution
1278:. Arno Press, 1980.
1090:John Gilmary Shea,
802:Burlington, Vermont
794:Ambassador to Chile
790:U.S. Representative
753:Cape Henry Memorial
619:Port Royal, Jamaica
603:Battle of St. Kitts
569:Comte de Rochambeau
544:Comte de Rochambeau
413:Order of Saint John
350:Marriage and family
251:Battle of St. Kitts
221:Battle of St. Lucia
116:Order of Saint John
3335:Semiquincentennial
3260:Libertas Americana
1690:Stamp Act Congress
1580:Acts of Parliament
1553:Shelburne ministry
1523:Grenville ministry
913:United States Navy
901:first-rank frigate
880:Other vessel names
868:
776:Yorktown, Virginia
748:
707:Haitian Revolution
698:. His eldest son,
657:Order of St. Louis
587:Charles Cornwallis
556:
513:capture of Grenada
500:, was indecisive.
479:Treaty of Alliance
471:
246:Battle of Yorktown
236:Invasion of Tobago
206:Battle of Ouessant
3426:French marquesses
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3134:
3133:
3121:Shays's Rebellion
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3055:
3054:
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2984:
2983:
2951:Richard Henry Lee
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2557:
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2549:
2402:Related conflicts
2272:Connecticut Farms
2052:
2051:
1945:Thirteen Colonies
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1174:online, 2003/2018
839:Russell, New York
700:Auguste de Grasse
565:George Washington
552:siege of Yorktown
548:George Washington
306:siege of Yorktown
283:
282:
211:Battle of Grenada
135:
131:Kingdom of France
120:
60:13 September 1722
3458:
3451:Knights of Malta
3416:Counts of France
3325:Sesquicentennial
3285:Independence Day
3189:Founding Fathers
3155:
3140:
3065:
2993:
2725:
2582:
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2262:Cape St. Vincent
1937:
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1900:
1872:Boston Tea Party
1797:Halifax Resolves
1747:Suffolk Resolves
1538:Grafton ministry
1533:Chatham ministry
1429:Colonial history
1409:
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1352:, published 1806
1334:by James Gillray
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2039:Hortalez et Cie
2010:Colonial allies
2005:
1972:
1941:United Colonies
1924:
1886:
1852:Boston Massacre
1830:
1821:Perpetual Union
1777:United Colonies
1710:Sons of Liberty
1673:
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1578:Related British
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1399:Origins of the
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1315:, ed. (1911).
1313:Chisholm, Hugh
1309:
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1297:External links
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1271:(Paris, 1902).
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2123:Naval battles
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2058:Campaigns and
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1862:Gaspee affair
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1996:Royal Navy
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