Anna Anderson - Knowledge

425:, who had been murdered by the communists alongside the Tsar's family in 1918. Tatiana Melnik had met Grand Duchess Anastasia as a child and had last spoken to her in February 1917. To Melnik, Tschaikovsky looked like Anastasia, even though "the mouth has changed and coarsened noticeably, and because the face is so lean, her nose looks bigger than it was." In a letter, Melnik wrote: "Her attitude is childlike, and altogether she cannot be reckoned with as a responsible adult, but must be led and directed like a child. She has not only forgotten languages, but has in general lost the power of accurate narration ... even the simplest stories she tells incoherently and incorrectly; they are really only words strung together in impossibly ungrammatical German ... Her defect is obviously in her memory and eyesight." Melnik declared that Tschaikovsky was Anastasia, and supposed that any inability on her part to remember events and her refusal to speak Russian was caused by her impaired physical and psychological state. Either inadvertently through a sincere desire to "aid the patient's weak memory", or as part of a deliberate charade, Melnik coached Tschaikovsky with details of life in the imperial family. 550:. As the death of the Tsar had never been proved, the estate could only be released to relatives ten years after the supposed date of his death. Fallows set up a company, called the Grandanor Corporation (an acronym of Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia), which sought to raise funds by selling shares in any prospective estate. Tschaikovsky claimed that the Tsar had deposited money abroad, which fed unsubstantiated rumors of a large Romanov fortune in England. The surviving relatives of the Romanovs accused Botkin and Fallows of fortune hunting, and Botkin accused them of trying to defraud "Anastasia" out of her inheritance. Except for a relatively small deposit in Germany, distributed to the Tsar's recognized relations, no money was ever found. After a quarrel, possibly over Tschaikovsky's claim to the estate (but not over her claim to be Anastasia), Tschaikovsky moved out of the Leeds' mansion, and the pianist 854:

absence of any direct documentary proof or solid physical evidence, the question of whether she was Anastasia was for many a matter of personal belief. As Anderson herself said, "You either believe it or you don't believe it. It doesn't matter. In no anyway whatsoever." The German courts were unable to decide her claim, and after 40 years of deliberation, ruled that it was "neither established nor refuted". Günter von Berenberg-Gossler, attorney for Anderson's opponents in the later years of the legal case, said that during the German trials "the press were always more interested in reporting her side of the story than the opposing bench's less glamorous perspective; editors often pulled journalists after reporting testimony delivered by her side and ignored the rebuttal, resulting in the public seldom getting a complete picture."

527: 708:, and a local friend of his, history professor and genealogist John Eacott "Jack" Manahan, paid for Anderson's journey to the United States. She entered the country on a six-month visitor's visa, and shortly before it was due to expire, Anderson married Manahan, who was 20 years her junior, in a civil ceremony on 23 December 1968. Botkin was best man. Jack Manahan enjoyed this marriage of convenience, and described himself as "Grand Duke-in-Waiting" or "son-in-law to the Tsar". The couple lived in separate bedrooms in a house on University Circle in Charlottesville, and also owned a farm near 794:. Anderson's mitochondrial DNA was extracted from the sample and compared with that of the Romanovs and their relatives. It did not match that of the Duke of Edinburgh or that of the bones, confirming that Anderson was not related to the Romanovs. However, the sample matched DNA provided by Karl Maucher, a grandson of Franziska Schanzkowska's sister, Gertrude (Schanzkowska) Ellerik, indicating that Karl Maucher and Anna Anderson were maternally related and that Anderson was Schanzkowska. Five years after the original testing was done, Dr. Terry Melton of the Department of Anthropology, 44: 964:. The plot revolves around a group of swindlers who attempt to raise money among Russian émigrés by pretending that Grand Duchess Anastasia is still alive. A suitable amnesiac, "Anna", is groomed by the swindlers to impersonate Anastasia. Anna's origins are unknown and as the play progresses hints are dropped that she could be the real Anastasia, who has lost her memory. The viewer is left to decide whether Anna really is Anastasia. Another film was released at the same time, 566:, the 12 nearest relations of the Tsar met at Marie's funeral and signed a declaration that denounced Anderson as an impostor. The Copenhagen Statement, as it would come to be known, explained: "Our sense of duty compels us to state that the story is only a fairy tale. The memory of our dear departed would be tarnished if we allowed this fantastic story to spread and gain any credence." Gleb Botkin answered with a public letter to 689: 466:

account, initially Felix declared that Tschaikovsky was his sister Franziska, but the affidavit he signed spoke only of a "strong resemblance", highlighted physical differences, and said she did not recognize him. Years later, Felix's family said that he knew Tschaikovsky was his sister, but he had chosen to leave her to her new life, which was far more comfortable than any alternative.

620:, at which time the case was dismissed because Anderson was living in Germany, and German residents could not sue in enemy countries. From 1938, lawyers acting for Anderson in Germany contested the distribution of the Tsar's estate to his recognized relations, and they in turn contested her identity. The litigation continued intermittently without resolution for decades; 671:, English tutor to the imperial children, met Anderson, he denounced her as a fraud. In an affidavit, he swore, "She in no way resembles the true Grand Duchess Anastasia that I had known ... I am quite satisfied that she is an impostor." She became a recluse, surrounded by cats, and her house began to decay. In May 1968, Anderson was taken to a hospital at 727:. A few days later, Manahan "kidnapped" Anderson from the hospital, and for three days they drove around Virginia eating out of convenience stores. After a 13-state police alarm, they were found and Anderson was returned to a care facility. In January she was thought to have had a stroke, and on 12 February 1984, she died of 434: 410: 398:, while her identity was investigated. To allow her to travel, the Berlin Aliens Office issued her with a temporary certificate of identity as "Anastasia Tschaikovsky", with Grand Duchess Anastasia's personal details. After a quarrel with Rathlef, Tschaikovsky was moved to the Stillachhaus Sanatorium at 893:

called her "a cunning psychopath". The equation of Anderson with members of the imperial family began with Clara Peuthert in the Dalldorf Asylum, not with Anderson herself. Anderson appeared to go along with it afterward. Writer Michael Thornton thought, "Somewhere along the way she lost and rejected

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street, and that the child, Alexei, disappeared into an orphanage. Even Anderson's supporters admitted that the details of the supposed escape "might seem bold inventions even for a dramatist", while her detractors considered "this barely credible story as a piece of far-fetched romance". Other works

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when, shortly after her fiancé had been killed at the front, a grenade fell out of her hand and exploded. She had been injured in the head, and a foreman was killed in front of her. She became apathetic and depressed, was declared insane on 19 September 1916, and spent time in two lunatic asylums. In

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Coble, Michael D; Loreille, Odile M; Wadhams, Mark J; Edson, Suni M; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N. (11 March 2009), "Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing

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Similarly, several strands of Anderson's hair, found inside an envelope in a book that had belonged to Anderson's husband, Jack Manahan, were also tested. Mitochondrial DNA from the hair matched Anderson's hospital sample and that of Schanzkowska's relative Karl Maucher, but not the Romanov remains

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By May 1922, the woman was believed by Peuthert, Schwabe, and Tolstoy to be Anastasia, although Buxhoeveden said there was no resemblance. Nevertheless, the woman was taken out of the asylum and given a room in the Berlin home of Baron Arthur von Kleist, a Russian émigré who had been a police chief

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Between 1920 and 1968, Anderson lived in Germany and the United States with various supporters and in nursing homes and sanatoria, including at least one asylum. She emigrated to the United States in 1968. Shortly before the expiration of her visa she married history professor Jack Manahan, who was

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as inspiration and "is a dramatic fantasy about Anna Anderson, the woman who believes herself to be Anastasia ... Either in memory or imagination, she experiences episodes from Anastasia's past ... The structure is a kind of free-wheeling nightmare, held together by the central figure of

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and Constantin Savitch, published by Payot of Paris in 1929. Conflicting testimonies and physical evidence, such as comparisons of facial characteristics, which alternately supported and contradicted Anderson's claim, were used either to bolster or counter the belief that she was Anastasia. In the

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government had arranged the meeting to determine Anderson's identity, and if accepted as Schanzkowska she would be imprisoned. The Schanzkowski family refused to sign affidavits against her, and no further action was taken. In 1940, Edward Fallows died virtually destitute after wasting all his own

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near Castle Seeon. Leuchtenberg's son, Dmitri, was completely certain that Tschaikovsky was an impostor and that she was recognized by Felix as his sister, but Leuchtenberg's daughter, Natalie, remained convinced of Tschaikovsky's authenticity. Leuchtenberg himself was ambivalent. According to one

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Anderson's supporters claimed that Ernest Louis's hostility towards Anderson arose from her allegation that they had last met when he had visited Russia in 1916. Anderson claimed that in the midst of a war between Russia and Germany, Ernest Louis had visited Russia to negotiate a separate peace.

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spinster happy to host someone she supposed to be a daughter of the Tsar. For eighteen months, Anderson was the toast of New York City society. Then a pattern of self-destructive behavior began that culminated in her throwing tantrums, killing her pet parakeet, and on one occasion running around

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before the fall of the Tsar. The Berlin policeman who handled the case, Detective Inspector Franz Grünberg, thought that Kleist "may have had ulterior motives, as was hinted at in émigré circles: if the old conditions should ever be restored in Russia, he hoped for great advancement from having

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Manahan and Anderson, now legally called Anastasia Manahan, became well known in the Charlottesville area as eccentrics. Though Jack Manahan was wealthy, they lived in squalor with large numbers of dogs and cats, and piles of garbage. On 20 August 1979, Anderson was taken to Charlottesville's

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She began calling herself Anna Tschaikovsky, choosing "Anna" as a short form of "Anastasia", although Peuthert "described her everywhere as Anastasia". Tschaikovsky stayed in the houses of acquaintances, including Kleist, Peuthert, a poor working-class family called Bachmann, and at Inspector

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Rogaev, Evgeny I; Grigorenko, Anastasia P; Moliaka, Yuri K; Faskhutdinova, Gulnaz; Goltsov, Andrey; Lahti, Arlene; Hildebrandt, Curtis; Kittler, Ellen LW; Morozova, Irina (31 March 2009), "Genomic identification in the historical case of the Nicholas II royal family",

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after being discovered semi-conscious in her cottage. In her absence, Prince Frederick cleaned up the property by order of the local board of health. Her Irish Wolfhound and 60 cats were put to death. Horrified by this, Anderson accepted her long-term supporter

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to the Tsarina, visited the asylum with Tolstoy. On seeing the woman, Buxhoeveden declared "She's too short for Tatiana," and left convinced the woman was not a Russian grand duchess. A few days later, the unknown woman noted, "I did not say I was Tatiana."

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Stoneking, Mark; Melton, Terry; Nott, Julian; Barritt, Suzanne; Roby, Rhonda; Holland, Mitchell; Weedn, Victor; Gill, Peter; Kimpton, Colin; Aliston-Greiner, Rosemary; Sullivan, Kevin (9 January 1995), "Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan",

362:, but Tschaikovsky refused to speak to her, and Cecilie was left perplexed by the encounter. Later, in the 1950s, Cecilie signed a declaration that Tschaikovsky was Anastasia, but Cecilie's family disputed her statement and implied that she had dementia. 365:

By 1925, Tschaikovsky had developed a tuberculous infection of her arm, and she was placed in a succession of hospitals for treatment. Sick and near death, she lost significant weight. She was visited by the Tsarina's groom of the chamber

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Gill, Peter; Ivanov, Pavel L.; Kimpton, Colin; Piercy, Romelle; Benson, Nicola; Tully, Gillian; Evett, Ian; Hagelberg, Erika; Sullivan, Kevin (1 February 1994). "Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis".

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By 1928, Tschaikovsky's claim had received interest and attention in the United States, where Gleb Botkin had published articles in support of her cause. Botkin's publicity caught the attention of a distant cousin of Anastasia's,

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Captain Nicholas von Schwabe that she had seen Tatiana at Dalldorf. Schwabe visited the asylum and accepted the woman as Tatiana. Schwabe persuaded other émigrés to visit the unknown woman, including Zinaida Tolstoy, a friend of

220:, a Polish factory worker with a history of mental illness. After a lawsuit lasting many years, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove she was Anastasia, but through media coverage, her claim gained notoriety. 461:

early 1920, she was reported missing from her Berlin lodgings, and since then had not been seen or heard from by her family. In May 1927, Franziska's brother Felix Schanzkowski was introduced to Tschaikovsky at a local inn in

906:, said the Romanov family always knew Anderson was a fraud and looked upon her and "the three-ringed circus which danced around her, creating books and movies, as a vulgar insult to the memory of the Imperial Family." 582:

signed an order committing her to a mental hospital. Before she could be taken away, Anderson locked herself in her room, and the door was broken in with an axe. She was forcibly taken to the Four Winds Sanatorium in

247:. DNA tests on a lock of Anderson's hair and surviving medical samples of her tissue showed that her DNA did not match that of the Romanov remains or that of living relatives of the Romanovs. Instead, Anderson's 1103:, some of Anastasia's contemporary relatives felt that the film was distasteful while noting that most Romanovs have come to accept the, "repeated exploitation of Anastasia's romantic tale... with equanimity." 562:, and later in a small cottage. To avoid the press, she was booked in as Mrs. Anderson, the name by which she was subsequently known. In October 1928, after the death of the Tsar's mother, the Dowager Empress 1053:

nomination. In the words of Hal Erickson, "Irving plays the leading character in a lady-or-the-tiger fashion, so that we never know if she truly swallows her own tale or if she's merely a clever charlatan."

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Anderson's return to Germany generated press interest, and drew more members of the German aristocracy to her cause. She again lived itinerantly as a guest of her well-wishers. In 1932, the British tabloid

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matched that of Karl Maucher, a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska. Most scientists, historians and journalists who have discussed the case accept that Anderson and Schanzkowska were the same person.

1006:". A contemporary reviewer thought Seymour's "tense, tormented portrait of the desperate Anna Anderson is quite extraordinary and really impressive". Anna Anderson was also used as a narrative device in 869:). The book included the "fantastic tale" that Anastasia escaped from Russia on a farm cart with a man called Alexander Tschaikovsky, whom she married and had a child by, before he was shot dead on a 985:

about Anna Anderson in 1978. Like the earlier plays, it depicts Anderson as "a person of intrinsic worth victimized by the greed and fears of others" and did not attempt to decide her real identity.

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published a sensational story accusing her of being a Romanian actress who was perpetrating a fraud. Her lawyer, Fallows, filed suit for libel, but the lengthy case continued until the outbreak of

382:. Although they expressed sympathy, if only for Tschaikovsky's illness, and made no immediate public declarations, eventually they all denied she was Anastasia. In March 1926, she convalesced in 1099:

and a long artistic tradition of fictionalizing the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia suggest that the directors likely never intended to reference Anna Anderson specifically. Though generally

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As the tenth anniversary of the Tsar's execution approached in July 1928, Botkin retained a lawyer, Edward Fallows, to oversee legal moves to obtain any of the Tsar's estate outside of the

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During her stay at Castle Seeon, Knopf reported that Tschaikovsky was actually a Polish factory worker called Franziska Schanzkowska. Schanzkowska had worked in a munitions factory during

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Though initially researching the actual events, Bluth and Goldman decided the history of Anastasia and the Romanov dynasty was too dark for their film. Indeed, the historical fact of

974:, which covers much the same ground, but the central character is "perhaps even more lost, mad and pathetic, but she, too, has moments when she is a woman of presence and dignity". 3789: 3557: 723:

With both Manahan and Anderson in failing health, in November 1983, Anderson was institutionalized, and an attorney, William Preston, was appointed as her guardian by the local

243:, the locations of the bodies of the Tsar, Tsarina, and all five of their children were revealed. Multiple laboratories in different countries confirmed their identity through 1729:

Ernest Louis denied the allegation, which if true would have been tantamount to treason. There was no conclusive proof either way. (See: Klier and Mingay, pp. 100–101; Kurth,

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Assessments vary as to whether Anderson was a deliberate impostor, delusional, traumatized into adopting a new identity, or someone used by her supporters for their own ends.

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Schanzkowska. She lost that person totally and accepted completely she was this new person. I think it happened by accident and she was swept along on a wave of euphoria."

509:, a former Russian princess who had married a wealthy American industrialist. Botkin and Leeds arranged for Tschaikovsky to travel to the United States on board the liner 288:), where she remained for the next two years. The unknown patient had scars on her head and body and spoke German with an accent described as "Russian" by medical staff. 332:, in the autumn of 1921. However, the patient herself could not recall the incident. Her biographers either ignore Malinovsky's claim, or weave it into their narrative. 269: 895: 712:. Botkin died in December 1969. In February of the following year, 1970, the lawsuits finally came to an end, with neither side able to establish Anderson's identity. 621: 601:. On arrival at Ilten, Anderson was assessed as sane, but as the room was prepaid, and she had nowhere else to go, she stayed on in a suite in the sanatorium grounds. 874:

based on the premise that Anderson was Anastasia, written before the DNA tests, include biographies by Peter Kurth and James Blair Lovell. More recent biographies by

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In 1927, under pressure from his family, Valdemar decided against providing Tschaikovsky with any further financial support, and the funds from Denmark were cut off.

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A nurse at Dalldorf, Thea Malinovsky, claimed years after the patient's release from the asylum that the woman had told her she was another daughter of the Tsar,

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Botkin. Melnik was the niece of Serge Botkin, the head of the Russian refugee office in Berlin, and the daughter of the imperial family's personal physician,

329: 124: 3122: 587:, where she remained for slightly over a year. In August 1931, Anderson returned to Germany accompanied by a private nurse in a locked cabin on the liner 3804: 903: 799: 567: 627:

Anderson had a final meeting with the Schanzkowski family in 1938. Gertrude Schanzkowska was insistent that Anderson was her sister, Franziska, but the

593:. Jennings paid for the voyage, the stay at the Westchester sanatorium, and an additional six months' care in the psychiatric wing of a nursing home at 1878: 814:

Although communists had murdered the entire imperial Romanov family in July 1918, including 17-year-old Grand Duchess Anastasia, for years afterwards

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was released after DNA tests proved that Anna Anderson was not Anastasia. However, this may be due to the animated film's origin as an adaptation of

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footed some of his German relations' legal bills against Anderson. The protracted proceedings became the longest-running lawsuit in German history.

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and the remaining daughter were discovered in 2007. Repeated and independent DNA tests confirmed that the remains were the seven members of the

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Letter from Wilton Lloyd-Smith, Miss Jennings' attorney, to Annie Jennings, 22 August 1930, Fallows papers, Houghton Library, quoted in Kurth,

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fed rumors that members of the Tsar's family had survived. The conflicting rumors about the fate of the family allowed impostors to make

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Klier and Mingay, p. 113; Letter from Wilton Lloyd-Smith, Miss Jennings' attorney, to Annie Jennings, 15 July 1930, quoted in Kurth,

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I claim categorically that she is not Anastasia Nicolaievna, but just an adventuress, a sick hysteric and a frightful playactress.

764: 300: 236: 228:'s best-loved eccentric". Upon her death in 1984, Anderson's body was cremated, and her ashes were buried in the churchyard at 208:

received public attention. Most members of Grand Duchess Anastasia's family and those who had known her, including court tutor

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Most of the impostors were dismissed, but Anna Anderson's claim persisted. Books and pamphlets supporting her claims included

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was based very loosely on her story. In 1953, Marcelle Maurette wrote a play based on Rathlef's and Gilliard's books called

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Prince Frederick settled Anderson in a former army barracks in the small village of Unterlengenhardt, on the edge of the

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Since the 1920s, many fictional works have been inspired by Anderson's claim to be Anastasia. In 1928, the silent film

3743: 570:, which referred to the family as "greedy and unscrupulous" and claimed they were only denouncing Anderson for money. 317: 496:, who had known Anastasia as a child and was Tatiana Melnik's brother, were convinced that Tschaikovsky was genuine. 1838:

Klier and Mingay, p. 106; Report of Dr. Wilhelm Völler, attorney to Harriet von Rathlef, in the Fallows collection,

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Other visitors, however, such as Felix Dassel, an officer whom Anastasia had visited in hospital during 1916, and

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with an intestinal obstruction. A gangrenous tumor and a length of intestine were removed by Dr. Richard Shrum.

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Tatiana Melnik's declaration on oath, 1929, quoted (in negligibly different translations) by Krug von Nidda in

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I, Anastasia: An autobiography with notes by Roland Krug von Nidda translated from the German by Oliver Coburn

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In 1957, a version of Anderson's story, pieced together by her supporters and interspersed with commentary by

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A sample of Anderson's tissue, part of her intestine removed during her operation in 1979, had been stored at

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Klier and Mingay, p. 106; Affidavit of Felix Schanzkowski, Fallows paper, Houghton Library, quoted in Kurth,

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that you would recoil in horror at the thought that this frightful creature could be a daughter of our Tsar.

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had grown much larger, leading to "increased confidence that Anderson was indeed Franziska Schanzkowska".

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money on trying to obtain the Tsar's nonexistent fortune for the Grandanor Corporation. Toward the end of

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at Leeds's expense. On the journey from Seeon to the States, Tschaikovsky stopped at Paris, where she met

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Interview on ABC television, broadcast 26 October 1976, quoted in Klier and Mingay, p. 230, and Kurth,

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A comparison on the side profiles of Anastasia Nikolaevna and Anna Anderson, created by Pierre Gilliard

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was used to match maternal relations, and mitochondrial DNA from the female bones matched that of

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that describe her as an impostor were written after the DNA tests proved she was not Anastasia.

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In early 1922, Clara Peuthert, a fellow psychiatric patient, claimed that the unknown woman was

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Quoted (in two negligibly different translations) by Massie in p. 169 and Krug von Nidda in

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On 27 February 1920, a young woman attempted to commit suicide in Berlin by jumping off the

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I simply cannot understand how anyone can be in doubt of this. If you had seen her, I am

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Photographs taken of Anna Anderson at Dalldorf Asylum after her suicide attempt in 1920.

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In 1920, Anderson was institutionalized in a mental hospital after a suicide attempt in

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Letter from Grünberg to his superior, Councillor Goehrke, quoted by Krug von Nidda in

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in the title role. The play was so successful that in 1956 an English adaptation by

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King and Wilson, p. 67; Klier and Mingay, pp. 70–71, 82–84; Massie, pp. 144–145

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Anna Anderson Exposed: Busting the Myth of the most infamous royal imposter

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King and Wilson, pp. 187–188; Klier and Mingay, pp. 111–112; Massie, p. 183

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King and Wilson, pp. 306–314; Klier and Mingay, p. 105; Massie, pp. 178–179

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Klier and Mingay, p. 93; Berlin Police report, quoted by Krug von Nidda in

173:. Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, 3602: 3279: 3209: 2687:

King and Wilson, p. 71; Klier and Mingay, pp. 84, 91; Massie, pp. 144–145

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is portrayed as the actual Grand Duchess Anastasia, even though the film

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Godl, John (August 1998), "Anastasia: The Unmasking of Anna Anderson",

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King and Wilson, pp. 253–255; Klier and Mingay, p. 164; Massie, p. 193

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King and Wilson, pp. 282–283; Klier and Mingay, p. 224; Massie, p. 249

3642:"Jack & Anna: Remembering the czar of Charlottesville eccentrics" 3594: 3355: 932:. Though inspired by Anderson's claim, the film is largely fictional. 383: 351: 197: 3650:, Charlottesville, Virginia: Better Publications LLC, archived from 2993:

Percival, John (23 July 1971), "Reworked ballet short on dancing",

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From early 1929 Anderson lived with Annie Burr Jennings, a wealthy

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Clarke, pp. 188–190; Klier and Mingay, p. 103; Massie, pp. 183–185

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Nurse Erna Buchholz and Dr Bonhoeffer quoted by Krug von Nidda in

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Little Mother of Russia: A Biography of Empress Marie Feodorovna

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Gilliard, Pierre (25 June 1927), "L'Histoire d'une imposture",

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King and Wilson, pp. 236–238; Klier and Mingay, p. 139; Kurth,

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naked on the roof. On 24 July 1930, Judge Peter Schmuck of the

268:. She was rescued by a police sergeant and was admitted to the 193:, Russia, but the location of her body was unknown until 2007. 3310:, Boise, Idaho: Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes, archived from 2669:

King and Wilson, pp. 263–266; Massie, p. 246; Stoneking et al.

1042: 831:

Anastasia, ein Frauenschicksal als Spiegel der Weltkatastrophe

354:. At Funkenmühle, Grünberg arranged for the Tsarina's sister, 1384:

Klier and Mingay, pp. 93–94, just describes Peuthert's claim.

735:

the same day, and her ashes were buried in the churchyard at

378:, who had been Anastasia's nursemaid; and the Tsar's sister, 1431:, p. 53; Berlin police records, quoted by Krug von Nidda in 1231:

Coble et al.; Gutterman; Massie, p. 249; Sieff; Sykes, p. 75

835:

Anastasia, a Woman's Fate as Mirror of the World Catastrophe

1985:

Clarke, p. 185; Klier and Mingay, pp. 110, 112–113; Kurth,

926:

for her starring role as "Anna/Anastasia" in the 1956 film

417:

At Oberstdorf, Tschaikovsky was visited by Tatiana Melnik,

1942:

King and Wilson, p. 208; Klier and Mingay, p. 109; Kurth,

390:

at the expense of Grand Duchess Anastasia's great-uncle,

1291:

King and Wilson, p. 91; Klier and Mingay, p. 94, Kurth,

3332:, Boise, Idaho: Father Nektarios Serfes, archived from 2978:(18 August 1978), "New angle on the Anastasia affair", 636:, Anderson lived at Schloss Winterstein with Louise of 280:("Miss Unknown") to a mental hospital in Dalldorf (now 3691:

A Romanov Fantasy: Life at the Court of Anna Anderson

3150:"After the Revolution, Comes 'Anastasia' the Cartoon" 3083:"After the Revolution, Comes 'Anastasia' the Cartoon" 445:, a distant relative of the Tsar, gave her a home at 1907:

Godl (1998); Klier and Mingay, p.108; Massie, p. 182

1733:, pp. 93–95; Massie, pp. 177–178; Krug von Nidda in 1472:, pp. 100–112; Klier and Mingay, pp. 97–98; Kurth, 771:was a sister of Alexandra. The bodies of Tsarevich 165:; 16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984) was an 130: 119: 105: 86: 53: 34: 3688: 3671:Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II 1240:Berlin Police report, quoted by Krug von Nidda in 1129: 1127: 1125: 820:spurious claims that they were a surviving Romanov 2621:King and Wilson, p. 253; Klier and Mingay, p. 164 2594:King and Wilson, p. 252; Klier and Mingay, p. 163 2315:King and Wilson, p. 316; Klier and Mingay, p. 129 2284:King and Wilson, p. 236; Klier and Mingay, p. 115 1968:Clarke, p. 187; Klier and Mingay, p. 110; Kurth, 663:, where she became a sort of tourist attraction. 3026:Sleeping Beauty – Last Daughter of the Czar 1509:, p. 64; Klier and Mingay, p. 98; Massie, p. 168 1213:Stoneking et al.; Van der Kiste and Hall, p. 174 1016:Sleeping Beauty – Last Daughter of the Czar 739:on 18 June 1984. Manahan died on 22 March 1990. 3509:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3008:Percival, John (11 October 1971), "Anastasia", 479: 2964:, no. 53770, p. 11, 20 February 1957 1456:Grünberg's notes, quoted by Krug von Nidda in 1148:Discovery solves mystery of last Czar's family 406:in June 1926, and Rathlef returned to Berlin. 1638:, p. 193; King and Wilson, p. 172 and Kurth, 841:in 1927. This was countered by works such as 8: 3790:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia 3562:, United Press International, archived from 3190:Romanoff Gold: The Lost Fortune of the Tsars 2731:King and Wilson, pp. 3–4; Krug von Nidda in 2705:Klier and Mingay, p. 103; Krug von Nidda in 2050:, p. 227; Massie, p. 181; Krug von Nidda in 2007:Klier and Mingay, pp. 112, 121, 125; Kurth, 1522:, p. 343; Massie, p. 168; Krug von Nidda in 680:'s offer to move back to the United States. 183:murdered along with her parents and siblings 125:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia 861:, was published in Germany under the title 27:Impostor of Anastasia of Russia (1896–1984) 2718:e.g. King and Wilson, pp. 229–232; Kurth, 2696:King and Wilson, p. 2; Massie, pp. 144–162 2223: 2221: 1552:, pp. 84–85; Massie, p. 172; Welch, p. 110 1393:King and Wilson, pp. 88–89; Massie, p. 163 1253:King and Wilson, pp. 82–84; Massie, p. 163 904:Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia 800:Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory 568:Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia 42: 31: 3539: 3529: 3351:Bones turn up in hunt for last czar's son 3240: 3230: 3059:, Macrovision Corporation, archived from 2953: 2951: 2769: 2767: 1879:Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of Russia 1278:, p. 91; Klier and Mingay, p. 94; Kurth, 542:, where she first used the name Anderson. 517:Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of Russia 473:, husband of Anastasia's paternal cousin 2803: 2801: 2638: 2636: 2612:Klier and Mingay, p. 164; Massie, p. 193 2603:Klier and Mingay, p. 163; Massie, p. 193 2275:Klier and Mingay, p. 128; Massie, p. 189 3740:Newspaper clippings about Anna Anderson 3111:Kuklenski, Valerie (18 November 1997). 2585:King and Wilson, p. 251; Massie, p. 194 1959:, pp. 214–219; Massie, pp. 175–176, 181 1829:King and Wilson, p. 160; Massie, p. 181 1790:Klier and Mingay, pp. 105, 224; Kurth, 1112: 1088:that also included story elements from 946:, which toured Europe and America with 769:Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine 350:Grünberg's estate at Funkenmühle, near 3640:Tucker, William O. Jr. (5 July 2007), 3207:Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis", 2363:Klier and Mingay, pp. 153–154; Kurth, 2350:Klier and Mingay, pp. 130–131; Kurth, 1894:Klier and Mingay, pp. 89, 135; Kurth, 1881:, 19 September 1927, quoted in Kurth, 1715:Klier and Mingay, pp. 105–106; Kurth, 1200: 1198: 1171: 1169: 3800:People from Charlottesville, Virginia 3795:German emigrants to the United States 1561:Klier and Mingay, pp. 99–103; Kurth, 1141: 1139: 806:or living relatives of the Romanovs. 475:Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia 7: 3432:Anastasia: The Life of Anna Anderson 1877:Letter from Prince Felix Yusupov to 1485:Klier and Mingay, pp. 97–98; Kurth, 1151:, CNN, 30 April 2008, archived from 356:Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 3673:, Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 3348:Gutterman, Steve (23 August 2007), 3148:Goldberg, Carey (9 November 1997). 3081:Goldberg, Carey (9 November 1997), 336:Germany and Switzerland (1922–1927) 3695:, New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 3395:, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 3354:, Associated Press, archived from 3329:Remembering Anna Anderson: Part II 3297:The European Royal History Journal 2851:Quoted by Klier and Mingay, p. 230 2163:Massie, p. 182; Krug von Nidda in 1794:, p. 166; Massie, pp. 178–179, 250 1664:Massie, p. 170; Krug von Nidda in 1031:In 1986, a two-part fictionalized 25: 3805:Deaths from pneumonia in Virginia 3299:(VI), Oakland: Arturo Beeche: 3–8 2782:Klier and Mingay, p. 143; Kurth, 2757:Klier and Mingay, p. 139; Kurth, 2572:Klier and Mingay, p. 162; Kurth, 2559:Klier and Mingay, p. 162; Kurth, 2520:Klier and Mingay, p. 162; Kurth, 2450:Klier and Mingay, p. 142; Kurth, 2437:Klier and Mingay, p. 142; Kurth, 2424:Klier and Mingay, p. 140; Kurth, 2411:Klier and Mingay, p. 140; Kurth, 2398:Klier and Mingay, p. 140; Kurth, 2337:Klier and Mingay, p. 129; Kurth, 2293:Klier and Mingay, p. 129; Kurth, 2262:Klier and Mingay, p. 115; Kurth, 2249:Klier and Mingay, p. 127; Kurth, 2198:Klier and Mingay, p. 125; Kurth, 2080:Klier and Mingay, p. 111; Kurth, 2063:Klier and Mingay, p. 111; Kurth, 2046:Klier and Mingay, p. 110; Kurth, 2033:, pp. 221–222; Krug von Nidda in 2029:Klier and Mingay, p. 110; Kurth, 1972:, pp. 220–221; Krug von Nidda in 1955:Klier and Mingay, p. 109; Kurth, 1916:Klier and Mingay, p. 108; Kurth, 1803:Klier and Mingay, p. 106; Kurth, 1608:, pp. 130–134; Krug von Nidda in 1604:Klier and Mingay, p. 104; Kurth, 1493:, pp. 103, 106–107; Welch, p. 108 1188:Klier and Mingay, p. 109; Kurth, 451:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse 360:Crown Princess Cecilie of Prussia 224:later characterized as "probably 214:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse 200:. At first, she went by the name 171:Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia 3393:The Resurrection of the Romanovs 3053:"Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna" 2576:, p. 381; Massie, p. 192; Tucker 2546:King and Wilson, p. 247; Kurth, 2463:King and Wilson, p. 246; Kurth, 1764:King and Wilson, p. 283; Kurth, 1684:quoted in Krug von Nidda, p. 198 1578:Klier and Mingay, p. 91; Kurth, 1565:, pp. 99–124; Krug von Nidda in 1447:, p. 98; Klier and Mingay, p. 96 1427:Klier and Mingay, p. 96; Kurth, 1405:, p. 93; Klier and Mingay, p. 95 1346:Klier and Mingay, p. 95; Kurth, 1317:Klier and Mingay, p. 95; Kurth, 1061:") of the 1997 animated fantasy 997:, first performed in 1967, used 765:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 648:helped her across the border to 554:arranged for her to live at the 307:. On her release, Peuthert told 3489:The Romanovs: The Final Chapter 2324:Klier and Mingay, p.123; Kurth 1489:, pp. 51–52; Krug von Nidda in 692:Anderson's long-time supporter 644:. In 1946, Prince Frederick of 437:Franziska Schanzkowska, c. 1913 346:looked after the young woman." 303:, one of the four daughters of 301:Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia 146: 3559:Romanov mystery finally solved 3183:, London: Michael Joseph, 1958 1333:, p. 93; Hall, p. 340; Kurth, 1038:Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna 999:I, Anastasia, an autobiography 867:I, Anastasia, an autobiography 781:shooting of the Romanov family 1: 3326:Godl, John (26 March 2000b), 3304:Godl, John (25 March 2000a), 3192:, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2651:Godl (1998); Stoneking et al. 2454:, p. 370; Massie, pp. 191–192 2354:, pp. 263–266; Massie, p. 186 2180:, pp. 253–255; Massie, p. 186 2011:, pp. 230–231; Massie, p. 183 1719:, pp. 151–153; Massie, p. 181 1706:, pp. 151–153; Massie, p. 181 796:Pennsylvania State University 767:, whose maternal grandmother 534:paid for Anna to stay at the 3556:Sieff, Martin (1 May 2008), 3468:Anastasia: The Lost Princess 3466:Lovell, James Blair (1991), 3374:, London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 3232:10.1371/journal.pone.0004838 3012:, no. 58295, p. 10 2997:, no. 58232, p. 16 2982:, no. 60383, p. 10 2941:, p. 268; Krug von Nidda in 2906:, p. 270; Krug von Nidda in 2067:, p. 229; Krug von Nidda in 747:In 1991, the bodies of Tsar 585:Westchester County, New York 3744:20th Century Press Archives 2879:, London: Collins, p. 2860:Letter from Mountbatten to 2441:, pp. 371–372; Welch p. 253 1133:Coble et al.; Rogaev et al. 1045:in the U.S.) which starred 967:Is Anna Anderson Anastasia? 469:Visitors to Seeon included 443:Duke George of Leuchtenberg 318:Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden 256:Dalldorf asylum (1920–1922) 3821: 3775:People from Kartuzy County 3623:The Seven Daughters of Eve 3452:, Toronto: Little, Brown, 392:Prince Valdemar of Denmark 136:John Eacott "Jack" Manahan 3434:, London: Jonathan Cape, 3416:, London: Smith Gryphon, 3307:Remembering Anna Anderson 1119:Coble et al.; Godl (1998) 1071:produced and directed by 792:Charlottesville, Virginia 788:Martha Jefferson Hospital 718:Martha Jefferson Hospital 706:Charlottesville, Virginia 700:Botkin was living in the 500:United States (1928–1931) 449:. The Tsarina's brother, 216:, identified Anderson as 98:Charlottesville, Virginia 41: 3780:People from West Prussia 3491:, London: Random House, 3470:, London: Robson Books, 3412:; Mingay, Helen (1995), 3391:; Wilson, Penny (2011), 3188:Clarke, William (2007), 2928:Klier and Mingay, p. 132 2786:, p. 395; Massie, p. 294 2761:, p. 377; Massie, p. 190 2498:Klier and Mingay, p. 145 2480:, p. 375; Massie, p. 192 2402:, p. 334; Massie, p. 191 2380:, p. 304; Massie, p. 187 2367:, p. 288; Massie, p. 187 2328:, p. 291; Massie, p. 184 2306:Klier and Mingay, p. 129 2297:, p. 283; Massie, p. 180 2227:Klier and Mingay, p. 127 2141:, p. 251; Massie, p. 182 2115:, p. 232; Massie, p. 182 2020:Klier and Mingay, p. 117 1989:, p. 233; Massie, p. 184 1920:, p. 202; Massie, p. 182 1868:Klier and Mingay, p. 224 1846:, p. 172; Massie, p. 180 1820:, p. 180; Massie, p. 181 1057:The central character (" 1020:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 816:communist disinformation 3687:Welch, Frances (2007), 3669:; Hall, Coryne (2002), 3531:10.1073/pnas.0811190106 3414:The Quest for Anastasia 2842:Klier and Mingay, p. 94 2795:Klier and Mingay, p. 96 1321:, p. 25; Massie, p. 163 1002:the heroine, played by 863:Ich, Anastasia, Erzähle 684:Final years (1968–1984) 3118:Los Angeles Daily News 1308:, p. 21; Welch, p. 103 954:was made into a film, 939:Clothes Make the Woman 933: 900:Prince Michael Romanov 697: 654:French occupation zone 642:Soviet occupation zone 580:New York Supreme Court 543: 490: 438: 414: 296: 218:Franziska Schanzkowska 163:Franziska Schanzkowska 113:Anastasia Tschaikovsky 58:Franziska Schanzkowska 18:Franziska Schanzkowska 3732:LIFE Magazine article 3448:Kurth, Peter (1995), 3430:Kurth, Peter (1983), 3370:Hall, Coryne (1999), 989:Sir Kenneth MacMillan 917: 859:Roland Krug von Nidda 839:Berliner Nachtausgabe 691: 669:Charles Sydney Gibbes 640:, in what became the 530:Pianist and composer 529: 436: 412: 294: 237:collapse of communism 230:Castle Seeon, Germany 206:Russian grand duchess 3626:, New York: Norton, 2864:, 8 September 1958, 910:Fictional portrayals 521:Oyster Bay, New York 471:Prince Felix Yusupov 370:; Anastasia's tutor 3667:Van der Kiste, John 3654:on 25 February 2014 3522:2009PNAS..106.5258R 3358:on 13 December 2013 3336:on 13 November 2010 3223:2009PLoSO...4.4838C 3093:on 15 February 2011 2868:archive, quoted in 1842:, quoted in Kurth, 1682:La Fausse Anastasie 1059:Anastasia" or "Anya 1035:mini-series titled 1033:made for television 847:The False Anastasia 843:La Fausse Anastasie 827:Harriet von Rathlef 605:Germany (1931–1968) 560:Hempstead, New York 552:Sergei Rachmaninoff 532:Sergei Rachmaninoff 429:Castle Seeon (1927) 388:Harriet von Rathlef 189:revolutionaries in 185:on 17 July 1918 by 3735:, 14 February 1955 3272:10.1038/ng0294-130 3155:The New York Times 3135:TheFreeLibrary.com 2807:Krug von Nidda in 1010:' 1992 ballet for 934: 698: 544: 439: 415: 380:Grand Duchess Olga 297: 278:Fräulein Unbekannt 270:Elisabeth Hospital 202:Fräulein Unbekannt 169:who claimed to be 109:Fräulein Unbekannt 76:Kingdom of Prussia 3785:Romanov impostors 3702:978-0-393-06577-0 3516:(13): 5258–5263, 3485:Massie, Robert K. 3402:978-0-470-44498-6 3199:978-0-7509-4499-1 2829:quoted in Kurth, 1807:, p. 415, note 80 1781:, p. 415, note 93 1505:, p. 115; Kurth, 1097:Romanov impostors 761:mitochondrial DNA 613:News of the World 556:Garden City Hotel 536:Garden City Hotel 376:Alexandra Tegleva 314:Tsarina Alexandra 249:mitochondrial DNA 156: 155: 115:Anastasia Manahan 111:Anna Tschaikovsky 16:(Redirected from 3812: 3736: 3726: 3721:, archived from 3705: 3694: 3683: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3636: 3613: 3595:10.1038/ng0195-9 3574: 3573: 3571: 3552: 3543: 3533: 3501: 3480: 3462: 3444: 3426: 3405: 3384: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3314:on 25 March 2009 3300: 3291: 3253: 3244: 3234: 3202: 3184: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3132: 3130: 3121:. 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Gilliard 338: 322:lady-in-waiting 258: 226:Charlottesville 210:Pierre Gilliard 152: 149: 1968) 144: 140: 137: 114: 112: 110: 101: 95: 91: 82: 69: 63: 61: 60: 59: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3750: 3737: 3727: 3711: 3710:External links 3708: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3684: 3679: 3663: 3637: 3632: 3614: 3575: 3553: 3502: 3497: 3481: 3476: 3463: 3458: 3445: 3440: 3427: 3422: 3406: 3401: 3385: 3380: 3367: 3345: 3323: 3301: 3292: 3266:(2): 130–135. 3254: 3203: 3198: 3185: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3140: 3103: 3087:New York Times 3073: 3063:on 9 July 2009 3043: 3023:Vàmos, Youri, 3015: 3000: 2985: 2976:Wardle, Irving 2967: 2947: 2930: 2921: 2912: 2895: 2889: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2825:L'Illustration 2813: 2797: 2788: 2775: 2763: 2750: 2737: 2724: 2711: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2565: 2552: 2539: 2526: 2513: 2500: 2491: 2489:Massie, p. 192 2482: 2469: 2456: 2443: 2430: 2417: 2404: 2391: 2389:Massie, p. 187 2382: 2369: 2356: 2343: 2330: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2255: 2242: 2229: 2217: 2204: 2191: 2189:Massie, p. 186 2182: 2169: 2156: 2143: 2130: 2117: 2104: 2102:Massie, p. 182 2095: 2086: 2073: 2056: 2039: 2022: 2013: 2000: 1991: 1978: 1961: 1948: 1935: 1922: 1909: 1900: 1898:, pp. 193, 201 1887: 1870: 1861: 1848: 1831: 1822: 1809: 1796: 1783: 1770: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1737:, pp. 127–129) 1721: 1708: 1695: 1686: 1670: 1657: 1644: 1627: 1614: 1597: 1584: 1571: 1554: 1541: 1528: 1511: 1495: 1478: 1462: 1449: 1437: 1420: 1407: 1395: 1386: 1377: 1365: 1352: 1339: 1323: 1310: 1297: 1284: 1268: 1255: 1246: 1233: 1224: 1215: 1206: 1194: 1181: 1165: 1155:on 21 May 2008 1135: 1121: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1049:and won her a 962:Ingrid Bergman 920:Ingrid Bergman 911: 908: 811: 808: 777:Romanov family 744: 741: 696:, c. 1960 685: 682: 650:Bad Liebenzell 646:Saxe-Altenburg 638:Saxe-Meiningen 606: 603: 501: 498: 487: 483: 430: 427: 343:Russian Poland 337: 334: 309:Russian émigré 262:Bendlerstrasse 257: 254: 154: 153: 142: 138: 135: 134: 132: 128: 127: 121: 120:Known for 117: 116: 107: 103: 102: 96: 94:(aged 87) 88: 84: 83: 70: 57: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3817: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3682: 3680:0-7509-2749-6 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3633:0-393-02018-5 3629: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3498:0-09-960121-4 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3477:0-86051-807-8 3473: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3459:0-316-50787-3 3455: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3441:0-224-02951-7 3437: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3423:1-85685-085-4 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3381:0-85683-177-8 3377: 3373: 3368: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3324: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3104: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3044: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2919:Welch, p. 183 2916: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2890:0-00-216543-0 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2820:Godl (1998); 2817: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2428:, pp. 371–372 2427: 2421: 2418: 2415:, pp. 370–371 2414: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2341:, pp. 285–286 2340: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2266:, pp. 289–356 2265: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2240:, pp. 271–279 2239: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2215:, pp. 258–260 2214: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2167:, pp. 250–251 2166: 2160: 2157: 2154:, pp. 251–252 2153: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2071:, pp. 238–239 2070: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1946:, pp. 204–206 1945: 1939: 1936: 1933:, pp. 202–204 1932: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1874: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1668:, pp. 197–198 1667: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1642:, pp. 141–142 1641: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1612:, pp. 180–187 1611: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1569:, pp. 135–169 1568: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1101:well received 1098: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:Theater Basel 1009: 1005: 1000: 996: 995: 990: 986: 984: 983:I Am Who I Am 980: 975: 973: 969: 968: 963: 959: 958: 953: 949: 945: 941: 940: 931: 930: 925: 924:Academy Award 921: 916: 909: 907: 905: 901: 897: 892: 887: 885: 881: 880:Robert Massie 877: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 809: 807: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:Yekaterinburg 754: 750: 742: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725:circuit court 721: 719: 713: 711: 707: 703: 695: 690: 683: 681: 679: 674: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 630: 625: 623: 619: 615: 614: 604: 602: 600: 596: 592: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 541: 537: 533: 528: 524: 522: 518: 514: 513: 508: 499: 497: 495: 489: 485: 481: 478: 476: 472: 467: 464: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 435: 428: 426: 424: 423:Eugene Botkin 420: 411: 407: 405: 404:Bavarian Alps 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 368:Alexei Volkov 363: 361: 357: 353: 347: 344: 335: 333: 331: 326: 323: 319: 316:. Eventually 315: 310: 306: 302: 293: 289: 287: 286:Reinickendorf 283: 279: 275: 274:Lützowstrasse 271: 267: 266:Landwehrkanal 263: 255: 253: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 194: 192: 191:Yekaterinburg 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 159:Anna Anderson 133: 129: 126: 122: 118: 108: 104: 99: 89: 85: 81: 80:German Empire 77: 73: 56: 52: 45: 40: 36:Anna Anderson 33: 30: 19: 3752: 3731: 3723:the original 3717: 3690: 3670: 3656:, retrieved 3652:the original 3645: 3622: 3618:Sykes, Bryan 3586: 3580: 3568:, retrieved 3564:the original 3558: 3513: 3507: 3488: 3467: 3449: 3431: 3413: 3392: 3371: 3360:, retrieved 3356:the original 3350: 3338:, retrieved 3334:the original 3328: 3316:, retrieved 3312:the original 3306: 3296: 3263: 3259: 3217:(3): e4838, 3214: 3208: 3189: 3180: 3159:. Retrieved 3153: 3143: 3133:– via 3127:. Retrieved 3123:the original 3116: 3106: 3097:26 September 3095:, retrieved 3091:the original 3086: 3076: 3065:, retrieved 3061:the original 3056: 3046: 3035:, retrieved 3031:the original 3025: 3018: 3009: 3003: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2959: 2943:I, Anastasia 2942: 2938: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2908:I, Anastasia 2907: 2903: 2898: 2875: 2856: 2847: 2838: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2809:I, Anastasia 2808: 2791: 2783: 2778: 2773:Godl (2000b) 2758: 2753: 2745: 2740: 2733:I, Anastasia 2732: 2727: 2719: 2714: 2707:I, Anastasia 2706: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2660:Godl (2000a) 2656: 2647: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2573: 2568: 2560: 2555: 2547: 2542: 2534: 2529: 2521: 2516: 2508: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2477: 2472: 2464: 2459: 2451: 2446: 2438: 2433: 2425: 2420: 2412: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2385: 2377: 2372: 2364: 2359: 2351: 2346: 2338: 2333: 2325: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2263: 2258: 2250: 2245: 2237: 2232: 2212: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2185: 2177: 2172: 2165:I, Anastasia 2164: 2159: 2151: 2146: 2138: 2133: 2125: 2120: 2112: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2081: 2076: 2069:I, Anastasia 2068: 2064: 2059: 2052:I, Anastasia 2051: 2047: 2042: 2035:I, Anastasia 2034: 2030: 2025: 2016: 2008: 2003: 1994: 1986: 1981: 1974:I, Anastasia 1973: 1969: 1964: 1956: 1951: 1943: 1938: 1930: 1925: 1917: 1912: 1903: 1895: 1890: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1856: 1851: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1817: 1812: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1735:I, Anastasia 1734: 1730: 1724: 1716: 1711: 1703: 1698: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1666:I, Anastasia 1665: 1660: 1653:I, Anastasia 1652: 1647: 1639: 1636:I, Anastasia 1635: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1610:I, Anastasia 1609: 1605: 1600: 1592: 1587: 1579: 1574: 1567:I, Anastasia 1566: 1562: 1557: 1549: 1544: 1536: 1531: 1524:I, Anastasia 1523: 1519: 1514: 1506: 1503:I, Anastasia 1502: 1498: 1491:I, Anastasia 1490: 1486: 1481: 1473: 1470:I, Anastasia 1469: 1465: 1458:I, Anastasia 1457: 1452: 1445:I, Anastasia 1444: 1440: 1433:I, Anastasia 1432: 1428: 1423: 1416:I, Anastasia 1415: 1410: 1403:I, Anastasia 1402: 1398: 1389: 1380: 1373:I, Anastasia 1372: 1368: 1360: 1355: 1347: 1342: 1334: 1331:I, Anastasia 1330: 1326: 1318: 1313: 1305: 1300: 1292: 1287: 1279: 1276:I, Anastasia 1275: 1271: 1264:I, Anastasia 1263: 1258: 1249: 1242:I, Anastasia 1241: 1236: 1227: 1218: 1209: 1192:, pp. 10, 53 1189: 1184: 1177:I, Anastasia 1176: 1157:, retrieved 1153:the original 1147: 1115: 1089: 1083: 1079: 1077:Gary Goldman 1068: 1062: 1056: 1051:Golden Globe 1036: 1030: 1023: 1015: 1004:Lynn Seymour 998: 992: 987: 982: 976: 972:Lilli Palmer 965: 955: 943: 937: 935: 928: 888: 866: 862: 856: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 824: 813: 804: 785: 746: 743:DNA evidence 737:Castle Seeon 722: 714: 699: 661:Black Forest 658: 634:World War II 626: 618:World War II 611: 608: 588: 572: 548:Soviet Union 545: 511: 503: 491: 480: 477:, who wrote, 468: 455: 447:Castle Seeon 440: 418: 416: 396:Herluf Zahle 374:; his wife, 364: 348: 339: 327: 298: 277: 259: 241:Soviet Union 234: 222: 217: 201: 195: 162: 158: 157: 123:Impostor of 92:(1984-02-12) 29: 3770:1984 deaths 3765:1896 births 3589:(1): 9–10, 3410:Klier, John 3340:7 September 3161:31 December 2876:Mountbatten 2642:Gill et al. 1693:Godl (1998) 1476:, pp. 29–63 1295:, pp. 16–17 1266:, pp. 95–96 1018:, based on 1008:Youri Vámos 979:Royce Ryton 977:Playwright 960:, starring 749:Nicholas II 710:Scottsville 694:Gleb Botkin 678:Gleb Botkin 590:Deutschland 575:Park Avenue 540:Long Island 507:Xenia Leeds 494:Gleb Botkin 458:World War I 320:, a former 245:DNA testing 175:Nicholas II 3759:Categories 3389:King, Greg 3174:References 3129:4 November 2866:Broadlands 1047:Amy Irving 1041:appeared ( 991:'s ballet 952:Guy Bolton 876:John Klier 810:Assessment 751:, Tsarina 731:. She was 512:Berengaria 463:Wasserburg 400:Oberstdorf 235:After the 72:Borrowilaß 64:1896-12-16 3010:The Times 2995:The Times 2980:The Times 2961:The Times 2939:Anastasia 2904:Anastasia 2862:Ian Jacob 2831:Anastasia 2784:Anastasia 2759:Anastasia 2746:Anastasia 2720:Anastasia 2574:Anastasia 2561:Anastasia 2548:Anastasia 2535:Anastasia 2522:Anastasia 2509:Anastasia 2478:Anastasia 2465:Anastasia 2452:Anastasia 2439:Anastasia 2426:Anastasia 2413:Anastasia 2400:Anastasia 2378:Anastasia 2365:Anastasia 2352:Anastasia 2339:Anastasia 2326:Anastasia 2295:Anastasia 2264:Anastasia 2251:Anastasia 2238:Anastasia 2213:Anastasia 2200:Anastasia 2178:Anastasia 2152:Anastasia 2139:Anastasia 2126:Anastasia 2113:Anastasia 2082:Anastasia 2065:Anastasia 2048:Anastasia 2031:Anastasia 2009:Anastasia 1987:Anastasia 1970:Anastasia 1957:Anastasia 1944:Anastasia 1931:Anastasia 1918:Anastasia 1896:Anastasia 1883:Anastasia 1857:Anastasia 1844:Anastasia 1818:Anastasia 1805:Anastasia 1792:Anastasia 1779:Anastasia 1766:Anastasia 1731:Anastasia 1717:Anastasia 1704:Anastasia 1640:Anastasia 1623:Anastasia 1606:Anastasia 1593:Anastasia 1580:Anastasia 1563:Anastasia 1550:Anastasia 1537:Anastasia 1520:Anastasia 1507:Anastasia 1487:Anastasia 1474:Anastasia 1429:Anastasia 1361:Anastasia 1348:Anastasia 1335:Anastasia 1319:Anastasia 1306:Anastasia 1293:Anastasia 1280:Anastasia 1190:Anastasia 1091:Pygmalion 1073:Don Bluth 1064:Anastasia 994:Anastasia 970:starring 957:Anastasia 944:Anastasia 929:Anastasia 884:Greg King 871:Bucharest 753:Alexandra 729:pneumonia 673:Neuenbürg 665:Lili Dehn 486:convinced 330:Anastasia 187:Bolshevik 179:Alexandra 3647:The Hook 3620:(2001), 3611:11286402 3550:19251637 3487:(1995), 3288:33557869 3251:19277206 3210:PLoS ONE 3037:15 March 2945:, p. 274 2910:, p. 273 2873:(1985), 2833:, p. 179 2748:, p. 383 2709:, p. 273 2550:, p. 375 2537:, p. 377 2524:, p. 376 2511:, p. 381 2467:, p. 375 2253:, p. 276 2202:, p. 259 2128:, p. 250 2084:, p. 229 2054:, p. 244 2037:, p. 242 1976:, p. 242 1885:, p. 186 1859:, p. 174 1768:, p. 167 1655:, p. 195 1625:, p. 138 1595:, p. 130 1582:, p. 102 1539:, p. 343 1526:, p. 116 1460:, p. 112 1435:, p. 112 918:Actress 829:'s book 733:cremated 282:Wittenau 167:impostor 3746:of the 3742:in the 3603:7704032 3541:2664067 3518:Bibcode 3280:8162066 3242:2652717 3219:Bibcode 2937:Kurth, 2902:Kurth, 2811:, p. 81 2735:, p. 83 2722:, p. 76 2507:Kurth, 2476:Kurth, 2376:Kurth, 2236:Kurth, 2211:Kurth, 2176:Kurth, 2150:Kurth, 2111:Kurth, 1929:Kurth, 1816:Kurth, 1777:Kurth, 1702:Kurth, 1680:(1929) 1621:Kurth, 1591:Kurth, 1548:Kurth, 1535:Kurth, 1518:Kurth, 1418:, p. 92 1375:, p. 91 1363:, p. 12 1359:Kurth, 1350:, p. 26 1337:, p. 25 1304:Kurth, 1282:, p. 14 1244:, p. 89 1179:, p. 89 922:won an 652:in the 599:Hanover 402:in the 239:in the 151: 143: 139: 3699: 3677: 3658:3 July 3630: 3609: 3601: 3570:3 July 3548: 3538: 3495: 3474: 3456: 3438: 3420: 3399: 3378: 3362:3 July 3318:3 July 3286: 3278: 3249: 3239: 3196: 3067:8 July 2887: 1204:Tucker 1159:1 July 981:wrote 882:, and 773:Alexei 384:Lugano 352:Zossen 198:Berlin 181:, was 161:(born 131:Spouse 100:, U.S. 3607:S2CID 3284:S2CID 1107:Notes 849:) by 597:near 595:Ilten 564:Marie 386:with 284:, in 145:( 141: 3697:ISBN 3675:ISBN 3660:2009 3628:ISBN 3599:PMID 3572:2009 3546:PMID 3493:ISBN 3472:ISBN 3454:ISBN 3450:Tsar 3436:ISBN 3418:ISBN 3397:ISBN 3376:ISBN 3364:2009 3342:2009 3320:2009 3276:PMID 3247:PMID 3194:ISBN 3163:2010 3131:2015 3099:2010 3069:2009 3039:2010 2885:ISBN 1161:2009 1075:and 629:Nazi 177:and 87:Died 54:Born 3748:ZBW 3591:doi 3536:PMC 3526:doi 3514:106 3268:doi 3237:PMC 3227:doi 2881:679 1043:NBC 1022:'s 704:of 558:in 538:on 419:née 341:in 272:on 3761:: 3644:, 3605:, 3597:, 3585:, 3544:, 3534:, 3524:, 3512:, 3282:. 3274:. 3262:. 3245:, 3235:, 3225:, 3213:, 3152:. 3115:. 3085:, 3055:, 2950:^ 2883:, 2800:^ 2766:^ 2635:^ 2220:^ 1197:^ 1168:^ 1138:^ 1124:^ 1028:. 1014:, 878:, 822:. 790:, 783:. 656:. 523:. 232:. 147:m. 78:, 74:, 3593:: 3587:9 3528:: 3520:: 3290:. 3270:: 3264:6 3229:: 3221:: 3215:4 3165:. 3137:. 1093:. 1080:– 1069:– 865:( 845:( 833:( 66:) 62:( 20:)

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Index