1403:
715:
1189:
1259:
1073:
1474:, p.25. Original French: "Nous avons tout sujet de craindre qu'il n'arrive a l'Eglise d'Annam ce qu'il arrive à l'Eglise du Japon, car ces rois, tant du Tonkin que de la Cochinchine sont très puissants et accoutumés à la guerre... Il faut que le Saint-Siège, de son propre mouvement, donne des pasteurs à ces regions orientales ou les chrétiens se multiplient d'une manière merveilleuse, de peur que, faute d'évêques, ces hommes ne meurent sans les sacrements et avec un manifeste peril de damnation."
74:
337:
33:
511:"The Westerner's perverse religion confuses the hearts of men. For a long time, many Western ships have come to trade with us and to introduce Catholic missionaries into our country. These missionaries make the people's hearts crooked, thus destroying our beautiful customs. Truly this is a great disaster for our land. Our purpose being to prevent our people from abandoning our orthodox way, we must accordingly completely eliminate these abuses."
1415:
1231:
259:
917:
5747:
444:
3180:
3126:
5771:
104:
878:
987:
785:
2255:
5759:
1220:
1178:
93:
1018:
314:, perceived with higher degree of religious tolerance, allowed Christian worshippers from France and establishing their bases, although not allowing churches to be built. This resulted with the heavy influence of Christianity in the south than the north, a major contributing factor for the Christian presence in Southern Vietnam in the future.
737:, a poorly defended city, on 18 February 1859. De Genouilly was criticized for his actions and was replaced by Admiral Page in November 1859, with instructions to obtain a treaty protecting the Roman Catholic faith in Vietnam, but not to try to obtain territorial gains. Due to the resumption of fighting in China during the
658:(Tourane) in Vietnam to obtain the liberation of two imprisoned French missionaries, Bishop Dominique Lefèbvre (imprisoned for a second time as he had re-entered Vietnam secretly) and Duclos, and freedom of worship for Catholics in Vietnam. As negotiations drew on without results, on April 15, 1847, a fight named the
1335:
and 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of the railway yard severely injured chief diplomat Pierre Susini, who later died of his wounds. Five North
Vietnamese employees of the mission were also killed. The French and North Vietnamese blamed the U.S., while the U.S. said the damage may have been caused by
1702:
Two years later, in 1847, Lefebvre was again captured when he returned to
Vietnam. This time Cecille sent captain Lapierre to Da Nang. Whether Lapierre was aware or not that Lefebvre had already been freed and on his way back to Singapore, the French first dismantled masts of some Vietnamese ships.
745:
there. In April 1860, Page was recalled to France and replaced by captain d’Aries. The Franco-Spanish force in Saigon, now only numbering about 1,000, was besieged by about 10,000 Vietnamese forces from March 1860 to
February 1861. Finally, following the French victory in China at the
750:, reinforcements of 70 ships under Admiral Charner and 3,500 soldiers under General Vassoigne were dispatched to Saigon, so that the French were able to defeat the besieging Vietnamese at the battle of Chin Hoa (Ky Hoa) on 25 February 1861. Admiral Bonnard forced the entrance of the
564:
had urged a rebuke for an "enemy of the religion". The embassy offered in vain a trade monopoly for France, in exchange for the promise of military support in case of an attack by another country. An attempt to make a treaty with
America also failed when Minh Mạng died in 1841.
696:. His stated mission was to stop the persecution of Catholic missionaries in the country and assure the unimpeded propagation of the faith. Rigault de Genouilly, with 14 French gunships, 3,000 men and 300 Filipino troops provided by the Spanish, attacked the port of
589:
411:
In spite of these inconveniences, between 1789 and 1799, a French force mustered by
Pigneau de Béhaine managed to support Gia Long in acquiring sway over the whole of Vietnam. The French trained Vietnamese troops, established a navy, and built fortifications in the
1051:
China, the traditional overlord of
Vietnam, kept contesting French influence in the area and was supporting Annam as well as the Black Flags on its territory at the frontier with Tonkin. Although a treaty had been signed between France and China (11 May 1884 the
799:
in 1863, to try to recover the territories lost to France. Although
Napoleon III initially accepted Phan Thanh Giản's plea, the agreement was finally canceled in 1864, under pressure from Napoleon's cabinet led by the Minister of the Navy and the Colonies
1362:
to visit
Vietnam in order to increase cooperation between France and its former colony. Since then, France has continued to maintain close relations with Vietnam, due to the historical connections between the two nations and Vietnam's presence in the
1402:
3697:
928:
again visited Hanoi with three gunboats and 700 men in order to obtain a trade agreement. Following some provocations, Rivière captured Hanoi in April 1882. Again the Black Flags counter-attacked, and Rivière was killed in May 1883 in the
620:
in China in 1842, and France hoped to counterbalance these successes by accessing China from the south. The pretext however was to support
British efforts in China, and to fight the persecution of French missionaries in Vietnam.
189:
Alexandre de Rhodes returned to Europe in 1650, to advocate the dispatch of bishops in order to better accompany the development of Roman
Catholicism in Vietnam (at that time around 100,000 converts), and the dispatch of
1646:: "In 1840 he sent an embassy led by the mandarin Ton That Tuong to France offering the French the monopoly of European trade with Vietnam, in return for an undertaken to defend the country in the event of an attack."
3575:
4142:
3690:
850:
were added to French-controlled territory by Admiral La Grandière. Admiral Dupré became Governor of Cochinchina. The Vietnamese Emperor formally recognized French dominion over Cochinchina in 1874, in the 1874
5290:
4966:
3939:
1040:(March 1884) was one of a series of clashes between French and Chinese forces in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) in the period. The campaign, which lasted from 6 to 24 March, resulted in the French capture of
3683:
909:
on 3 November 1873, but negotiations were not forthcoming. On November 20, Garnier made an assault of the Hanoi citadelle, and pacified the delta, with nine officers, 175 men and two gunboats. The
5649:
467:. He offered a peace treaty, but remained unsuccessful, and left Vietnam definitively with Philippe Vannier and their families in December 1824. On 12 January 1825, an embassy led by Captains
5661:
5637:
5176:
4135:
3114:
2321:
2243:
3932:
4128:
545:, emperor Minh Mạng attempted to build an alliance with European powers by sending a delegation under the mandarin Ton That Tuong in 1840. They were received in Paris by
5806:
3063:
3652:
1316:
The events of 1954 marked the end of French involvement in the region, and the beginnings of serious U.S. commitment. Tensions between Vietnam with the US led to the
933:, leading to a huge movement in France in favour of a massive armed intervention. Credits were voted for, and a large force of 4,000 men and 29 warships (including 4
521:
As the prohibition proved largely ineffective, and missionaries continued their activities in Vietnam, especially under the protection of the governor of Cochinchina
3925:
463:
in 1820 severely strained relations between France and Vietnam. In an effort to reestablish close contacts, Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau was nominated French Consul in
5169:
3570:
1364:
5280:
4956:
2306:
5625:
5143:
1381:
1309:
that France relinquished any claim to territory in the Indochinese peninsula. Laos and Cambodia also became independent in 1954, but were both drawn into the
222:
to these Oriental regions where Christians multiply in a marvelous way, lest, without bishops, these men die without sacrament and manifestly risk damnation."
4971:
3560:
617:
3375:
2316:
4740:
4685:
4418:
3107:
2732:
452:
5361:
5723:
5162:
4831:
4386:
2236:
5718:
2512:
700:
in 1858, causing significant damages, and occupying the city. After a few months, Rigault had to leave the city due to supply issues and illnesses.
3092:
5801:
2522:
4852:
2221:
323:
5796:
3600:
3596:
3550:
3025:
152:. France was heavily involved in Vietnam in the 19th century under the pretext of protecting the work of Catholic missionaries in the country.
5791:
2949:
2620:
1850:: "Rear Admiral Courbet blockaded Huế in August 1883 and directed an assault on its citadel, forcing the capitulation of the emperor of Annam"
73:
5356:
5240:
4951:
4911:
4620:
4061:
3100:
3072:
3068:
2174:
2155:
2140:
2110:
2095:
2081:
2066:
2049:
2034:
2019:
1989:
1922:
5351:
3529:
3406:
5255:
4931:
3645:
3076:
2229:
1123:
3219:
2913:
2788:
1886:
NAMBA, Chizuru, Français et Japonais en Indochine (1940–1945), colonisation, propagande et rivalité culturelle, Éd. Karthala, Paris, 2012.
4564:
4102:
3951:
206:"We have all reason to fear that what happened to the Church of Japan could also happen to the Church of Annam, because these kings, in
5513:
3345:
2843:
2517:
662:
erupted between the French fleet and Vietnamese ships, four Vietnamese ships were sunk as a result. The French fleet then sailed away.
1787:
770:
295:
himself would also visit the mission in Tonkin in 1669 and reinforce the organization there, under cover of trading activities of the
3497:
3355:
3335:
3320:
3245:
2970:
2727:
2692:
2416:
4256:
3545:
2193:
2125:
2004:
3513:
3451:
3250:
3164:
2944:
2903:
2858:
2702:
2682:
2667:
2553:
2487:
2346:
628:, who had been condemned to death (the request for the intervention of the French Navy had been transmitted to Cécille by Captain
5437:
5087:
4941:
4246:
1965:
1014:. French casualties were heavy (83 dead and 320 wounded), but the Black Flags were greatly weakened as a result of the campaign.
925:
882:
3492:
3350:
3330:
3275:
3229:
2975:
2848:
2637:
2568:
2563:
2391:
2376:
2366:
2301:
1669:
4816:
4216:
3638:
1735:
1131:
4266:
3466:
3436:
3401:
3365:
3325:
3310:
3305:
3260:
3169:
2929:
2697:
2677:
2605:
2588:
2537:
2447:
2381:
714:
400:), as well as exclusive trading rights. That treaty marks the beginning of French influence in Indochina, but the Governor in
5123:
4733:
4591:
3733:
3728:
2215:
1821:
1077:
557:
236:
5508:
4778:
3476:
3441:
3426:
3416:
3411:
3396:
3391:
3315:
3224:
3144:
3020:
2939:
2873:
2813:
2773:
2717:
2672:
2652:
2578:
2507:
2482:
2472:
2452:
2421:
2336:
2326:
4862:
4379:
3058:
3030:
2166:
1286:
1266:
913:
resisted the French intrusion, entering into a guerrilla campaign that led to the killing of Garnier on 21 December 1873.
856:
659:
5737:
5321:
5215:
3565:
3461:
3456:
3431:
3370:
3360:
3290:
3255:
3209:
3194:
3149:
2954:
2908:
2878:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2657:
2647:
2595:
2558:
2532:
2431:
2411:
2406:
2386:
2356:
2291:
1719:
5644:
5077:
4806:
4478:
4239:
3992:
3130:
2185:
1754:
1631:
1563:
1414:
1119:
1099:
872:
801:
722:
685:
651:
5235:
3471:
3446:
3340:
3295:
3270:
3265:
3199:
3159:
3154:
3010:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2838:
2808:
2783:
2722:
2712:
2627:
2573:
2497:
2462:
2457:
2401:
2296:
1863:
1847:
1697:
1616:
525:, a total ban on Roman Catholicism as well as French and Vietnamese priests was enacted following their support of the
5632:
5518:
5442:
5002:
4821:
4811:
4559:
4234:
4221:
2259:
1547:
1436:
961:
868:
839:
385:
5447:
5097:
4857:
4783:
4596:
3300:
3285:
3280:
3214:
3204:
2893:
2833:
2707:
2687:
2662:
2632:
2600:
2583:
2492:
2467:
2396:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2331:
1703:
Later on April 14, 1847, in only one hour, the French sank the last five bronze-plated vessels in the bay of Da Nang.
816:
526:
239:, marking the involvement of Catholic France as a new missionary power in Asia. From 1662, a base was established in
5493:
5457:
1285:
declared an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which was recognized by the fellow Communist governments of
503:
issued an edict prohibiting foreign missionaries in Vietnam, following the infiltration of Father Regéreau from the
5371:
5250:
5133:
4921:
4901:
4867:
3904:
1431:
1003:
262:
161:
5553:
4763:
4339:
3015:
2934:
2642:
2615:
2610:
2502:
2477:
2426:
2371:
2311:
1258:
349:
287:, and fled to Ayutthaya. In June 1666, the Ayutthaya base of the Paris Foreign Missions Society dispatched Father
144:. Various traders would visit Vietnam during the 18th century, until the major involvement of French forces under
5503:
5275:
5245:
5057:
5032:
4916:
4726:
4483:
4344:
4107:
1064:(1884–85), which ultimately forced China to totally disengage from Vietnam and confirmed the French possessions.
901:, with the mission of protecting French interests there, following the troubles encountered by the French trader
468:
296:
5392:
5265:
5027:
5022:
5012:
1766:
778:
766:
408:, refused to follow through with the implementation of the treaty, leaving Pigneau de Béhaine to his own means.
5417:
5402:
4372:
4326:
3825:
3580:
1484:
1306:
679:
546:
472:
5452:
5422:
5067:
605:
593:
5225:
1305:
in the south, which had the support of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. It was at the 1954
5488:
5300:
5270:
5128:
5062:
5017:
5007:
4981:
4926:
4906:
1643:
1294:
1270:
957:
852:
774:
572:, also upheld the anti-Catholic policy of his predecessor but tried to avoid direct confrontations. Captain
429:
292:
248:
5478:
761:
On 13 April 1862, the Vietnamese government was forced to negotiate and officially cede the territories of
522:
424:. Several of these French adventurers would remain in high positions in the government of Gia Long such as
5305:
5220:
5037:
4894:
4768:
4298:
4151:
4051:
4041:
3972:
3948:
3706:
3661:
3605:
1997:
State Succession and Membership in International Organizations: Legal Theories Versus Political Pragmatism
1914:
State Succession and Membership in International Organizations: Legal Theories Versus Political Pragmatism
1355:
1340:
1154:
1057:
930:
507:
when it was anchored in Đà Nẵng. In his edict, Minh Mạng asserted that Christianity perverted the people:
5679:
5473:
1037:
1029:
1007:
991:
843:
5533:
4458:
4188:
3982:
1095:
1072:
389:
5397:
847:
625:
377:
327:
145:
5689:
5498:
5483:
288:
276:
5432:
5407:
5260:
5210:
5082:
4986:
4936:
4877:
938:
807:
In 1864, all the French territories in southern Vietnam were declared to be the new French colony of
675:
5694:
5558:
5538:
5427:
796:
788:
5594:
5295:
5072:
4976:
4654:
4473:
3977:
3810:
3771:
3715:
3610:
1977:
1359:
1278:
1253:
1146:
726:
693:
573:
345:
227:
183:
171:
141:
5543:
5528:
5523:
5341:
5331:
944:
Following a failed ultimatum, on 18–19 August 1883, Courbet bombarded the forts of the capital of
149:
5699:
5684:
5656:
5574:
5346:
4801:
4319:
4229:
4178:
4084:
4071:
4002:
3800:
3751:
3743:
1324:
1103:
827:, discovering that the Mekong was not navigable as far as China. They found out instead that the
808:
709:
569:
437:
284:
1328:
742:
601:
533:
in 1835. These events fed in France a desire to intervene and protect the Roman Catholic faith.
336:
369:
303:
5412:
5336:
5285:
5230:
5205:
4961:
4606:
4601:
4549:
4488:
4293:
4276:
3899:
3894:
2211:
2189:
2170:
2151:
2136:
2121:
2106:
2091:
2077:
2062:
2045:
2030:
2015:
2000:
1985:
1918:
1530:
1150:
1111:
828:
747:
734:
718:
671:
417:
341:
244:
5704:
5387:
1912:
1896:
Bernard Gwertzman (12 October 1972). "France's mission in Hanoi wrecked during a U.S. raid".
613:
365:
311:
5620:
5138:
4872:
4836:
4749:
4640:
4610:
4468:
4208:
4173:
3853:
3555:
1385:
1332:
1089:
738:
633:
425:
240:
198:
and, to avoid in Vietnam a catastrophic eradication of Christianity, as seen in the case of
5584:
5751:
5200:
5092:
4946:
4889:
4882:
4659:
4630:
4395:
4288:
4271:
3805:
3783:
2998:
1973:
1115:
1061:
1053:
1011:
981:
977:
910:
894:
886:
820:
530:
491:
delivered on 8 January 1824, the ambassadors could not obtain an audience from Minh Mạng.
1157:, but in fact gathered all powers in their hands, the local rulers acting only as heads.
1056:) promising Chinese evacuation from Tonkin, military confrontations continued as in the
529:(1833–1835), leading to persecutions of French missionaries and the execution of Father
258:
46:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
17:
5775:
5610:
5548:
5107:
4646:
4586:
4580:
4183:
4034:
4025:
3987:
3863:
3788:
3756:
3723:
1351:
France recognized North Vietnam and established diplomatic relations on 12 April 1973.
916:
762:
553:
421:
291:
to Tonkin, who was able to reorganize Catholics there, although he remained in hiding.
5746:
5366:
588:
500:
460:
5785:
5763:
5102:
4635:
4541:
4508:
4428:
4283:
3876:
3793:
3766:
1302:
1298:
1235:
1193:
1142:
629:
549:
405:
307:
5326:
5154:
1041:
624:
In 1845, Cécille was dispatched to Vietnam in order to obtain the release of Bishop
443:
361:
4826:
4314:
4168:
4160:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3761:
2272:
1262:
1045:
689:
275:
continued their efforts in Vietnam. In 1658, Fathers Manoel Ferreira and Frenchman
179:
941:
would be leading the force in Tonkin, while Admiral Meyer would operate in China.
5615:
5579:
4498:
4046:
3833:
2055:
1317:
1310:
1282:
1160:
France stayed in Indochina during World War II, tolerated by the Japanese Army.
1017:
902:
877:
488:
401:
211:
2088:
Les Missions Etrangères. Trois siecles et demi d'histoire et d'aventure en Asie
986:
755:
5589:
4697:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4020:
3959:
1138:
784:
433:
380:, titular bishop of Adran, obtained a treaty of alliance with the French king
199:
3576:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
956:
reached the capital. On August 25, the Vietnamese court accepted to sign the
4703:
1968:, ministre de la marine – La vie extraordinaire d'un grand marin (1833–1918)
1290:
934:
741:, Admiral Page had to divert most of his force to China, to support Admiral
542:
381:
252:
3881:
487:. Although they had numerous presents from the Emperor and a letter from
255:, from where numerous attempts were made to send missionaries to Vietnam.
4193:
4030:
4010:
3630:
592:
The first attack by France against Vietnam occurred under the command of
561:
373:
331:
271:
219:
215:
2208:
Disorientation: France, Vietnam, and the ambivalence of interculturality
945:
464:
5185:
4691:
4443:
4079:
4015:
3871:
3815:
3125:
1107:
697:
655:
609:
580:, obtained from Thiệu Trị the release of five imprisoned missionaries.
476:
397:
393:
191:
175:
108:
214:, are very powerful and accustomed to war... It is necessary that the
4056:
3967:
3776:
2254:
1224:
1182:
1081:
999:
965:
898:
832:
824:
812:
751:
413:
353:
280:
207:
195:
167:
137:
97:
2150:. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California (1989).
4718:
1145:, the French formally left the local rulers in power, who were the
388:, signed on November 21, 1787. In return Gia Long promised to cede
5291:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
4967:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
4198:
4089:
2059:
Genesis of a Tragedy: The Historical Background to the Vietnam War
1392:
1377:
1257:
1071:
1016:
985:
915:
906:
876:
783:
713:
587:
442:
335:
257:
1289:
and the Soviet Union. Fighting lasted until March 1954, when the
998:
The next objective of the French was to take full control of the
815:
river, with the objective of reaching the riches of China, under
235:
The efforts of Alexandre de Rhodes helped to the creation of the
1337:
1331:
in Hanoi. An explosion in the French mission complex across the
1127:
5158:
4722:
4529:
4406:
4368:
4124:
3921:
3679:
3634:
3096:
3047:
2996:
2270:
2225:
1948:
1293:
won the decisive victory against French forces at the grueling
26:
136:
started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the
3621:
1937:
1094:
French Indochina was officially formed in October 1887 from
302:
In 1680, the French East India Company opened a factory in
2103:
The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874
552:
and the Commerce Minister, but they were shunned by King
1002:. In October 1883, Courbet was placed in command of the
392:
to the French and to give a concession to the French in
972:
Tonkin Campaign (1883–85) and Sino-French War (1884–85)
960:. A French protectorate over the remaining of Vietnam (
541:
Following the defeat of China by Great Britain in the
5735:
2027:
The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai
948:. The forts were occupied on the 20th. The gunboats
576:, arriving in Đà Nẵng in 1840 on board the corvette
459:
The death of Gia Long, and the accession of Emperor
5672:
5603:
5567:
5466:
5380:
5314:
5193:
5116:
5046:
4995:
4845:
4792:
4756:
4619:
4558:
4540:
4497:
4457:
4417:
4361:
4307:
4255:
4207:
4159:
4070:
4001:
3958:
3862:
3824:
3742:
3714:
3668:
3589:
3538:
3522:
3506:
3485:
3384:
3238:
3187:
3137:
2963:
2922:
2746:
2546:
2440:
2284:
1213:
1171:
283:, but they were expelled in 1664 under the rule of
123:
118:
80:
733:Sailing south, De Genouilly then accomplished the
182:), now in France. He wrote the first catechism in
811:. In 1866, France started the exploration of the
166:One of the early missionaries in Vietnam was the
1297:. This led to the partition of Vietnam into the
1248:Indochina war and Vietnamese independence (1954)
3179:
1301:in the north, under Việt Minh control, and the
509:
204:
3571:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
2012:A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc
1506:
1504:
1365:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
5170:
4734:
4380:
4136:
3933:
3691:
3646:
3108:
2237:
1873:
1871:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
616:. The move responded to the successes of the
376:, with the aid of the French Catholic priest
8:
4972:French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
2074:Dragon Ascending: Vietnam and the Vietnamese
1745:
1743:
1521:
1519:
1277:Vietnam obtained independence following the
1208:
1166:
269:Meanwhile, the Jesuits under the Portuguese
66:
4853:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
1714:
1712:
1710:
1679:
1677:
1626:
1624:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
5177:
5163:
5155:
4741:
4727:
4719:
4572:
4537:
4526:
4414:
4403:
4387:
4373:
4365:
4143:
4129:
4121:
3940:
3926:
3918:
3698:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3653:
3639:
3631:
3115:
3101:
3093:
3044:
2993:
2281:
2267:
2244:
2230:
2222:
516:Minh Mạng 1825 Edict against Christianity.
4832:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
2210:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
863:Protectorate over Annam and Tonkin (1883)
692:following the failed mission of diplomat
604:, sent a fleet to the East under Admiral
360:Towards the end of the 18th century, the
174:, who arrived there in 1624. He was from
5807:Relations of colonizer and former colony
5281:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
4957:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
3546:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
2148:The Vietnamese Tradition of Human Rights
1542:
1540:
1538:
5742:
1984:. University of Michigan Press (1997).
1452:
1398:
1060:(June 1884). These tensions led to the
453:Musée National de la Marine (Rochefort)
148:from 1787 to 1789 helped establish the
3622:Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3551:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2161:Tran, Nhung Tuyet & Anthony Reid.
1999:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (2001).
1207:
1165:
897:was put in charge of an expedition to
600:In 1843, the French Foreign Minister,
65:
5357:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League
4952:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2105:. Greenwood Publishing Group (1991).
2029:. Greenwood Publishing Group (2000).
2014:. Greenwood Publishing Group (1995).
968:) was recognized through the treaty.
688:attacked Vietnam under the orders of
7:
5144:Governor-General of French Indochina
1124:Governor-General of French Indochina
795:An embassy was sent to France under
642:In 1847, Cécille sent two warships (
4103:French colonization of the Americas
1044:and the complete defeat of China's
704:Conquest of Cochinchina (1862–1874)
194:in order to create a strong native
318:Military collaboration (1787–1820)
25:
1347:Post war relations (1973–present)
5769:
5757:
5745:
5206:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon
4907:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
3178:
3124:
2253:
1911:Bühler, Konrad G. (2001-02-08).
1413:
1401:
1229:
1218:
1187:
1176:
725:on 18 February 1859, painted by
102:
91:
72:
31:
4597:French domains of the Holy Land
1917:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1141:lasted until 1954. In the four
1132:Franco-Siamese conflict of 1893
1006:. In December 1883, he led the
584:Naval interventions (1843–1847)
324:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
310:visited Vietnam from 1720. The
5802:Bilateral relations of Vietnam
5124:Paris Foreign Missions Society
4878:Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
4592:French domains of Saint Helena
3709:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
3581:World Trade Organization (WTO)
2163:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories
2133:Navies in Modern World History
1970:. Biarritz autoédition (2005).
1299:Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1209:France–South Vietnam relations
1167:France–North Vietnam relations
1078:Paris Foreign Missions Society
650:) under Captains Lapierre and
558:Paris Foreign Missions Society
237:Paris Foreign Missions Society
1:
5797:Bilateral relations of France
5645:French protectorate of Tonkin
4863:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
3069:Diplomatic missions of France
3059:French entry into World War I
2167:University of Wisconsin Press
835:would be a good alternative.
612:, together with the diplomat
5657:French colony of Cochinchina
5633:French protectorate of Annam
5216:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương
5078:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
4902:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
4858:Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
4327:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
3131:Foreign relations of Vietnam
2322:Democratic Republic of Congo
2206:Britto, Karl Ashoka (2004).
2186:University Press of Kentucky
2076:. Arcade Publishing (1996).
1938:Embassy of France in Vietnam
1371:Resident diplomatic missions
1120:Jean Antoine Ernest Constans
1106:(which together form modern
1068:French Indochina (1887–1954)
873:Tonkin (French protectorate)
723:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
686:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
652:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
352:according to the designs of
218:, by its own movement, give
5003:Treaty of Versailles (1787)
4947:French–Thai War (1940–1941)
4890:Sino-French War (1884–1885)
4883:Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
4567: and Antarctic Lands
3561:International Monetary Fund
3064:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2483:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
2260:Foreign relations of France
1949:Embassy of Vietnam in Paris
1437:Vietnamese people in France
1420:Embassy of Vietnam in Paris
1265:paratroops dropping from a
869:Annam (French protectorate)
134:French–Vietnamese relations
67:French–Vietnamese relations
5823:
5372:Communist Party of Vietnam
5134:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
4868:French conquest of Vietnam
1820:Brecher & Wilkenfeld,
1432:French language in Vietnam
1408:Embassy of France in Hanoi
1391:Vietnam has an embassy in
1251:
1087:
1004:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
975:
866:
857:Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre
707:
669:
495:Resistance to missionaries
321:
263:Pierre Lambert de la Motte
178:(at that time part of the
162:Catholic Church in Vietnam
159:
5713:
5276:1940 Cochinchina uprising
5246:1916 Cochinchina uprising
5058:Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
5033:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
4917:1916 Cochinchina uprising
4779:France–Thailand relations
4680:
4575:
4536:
4525:
4484:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4413:
4402:
4345:French East India Company
4335:
4120:
4108:French West India Company
4098:
3917:
3890:
3675:
3619:
3176:
3054:
3043:
3006:
2992:
2280:
2266:
2135:. Reaktion Books (2004).
1376:France has an embassy in
1241:
1228:
1217:
1199:
1186:
1175:
905:. Garnier disembarked in
838:In 1867 the provinces of
473:Courson de la Ville-Hélio
469:Hyacinthe de Bougainville
368:, but one of its members
297:French East India Company
127:Vietnamese Embassy, Paris
114:
101:
90:
71:
40:This article needs to be
5792:France–Vietnam relations
5098:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
5038:Geneva Conference (1954)
4774:France–Vietnam relations
4623: the Indian Ocean
3566:Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
2307:Central African Republic
2090:Editions Perrin (2008).
817:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
364:rebellion overthrew the
18:France-Vietnam relations
5352:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội
5301:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
5129:Tirailleurs indochinois
5063:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
5018:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
5008:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
4982:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
4873:Siege of Tourane (1858)
4531:Uninhabited territories
4042:Saint Kitts & Nevis
3026:Commonwealth of Nations
2120:. Editions MDV (2006).
2042:Wars and Peace Treaties
1511:Les Missions Etrangeres
1496:Les Missions Etrangeres
1472:Les Missions Etrangères
1460:Les Missions Etrangeres
1295:Battle of Điện Biên Phủ
1271:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
924:In March 1882, Captain
920:Admiral Courbet in Huế.
568:Minh Mạng's successor,
430:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
306:. The famous Frenchman
293:Mgr Lambert de la Motte
249:Mgr Lambert de la Motte
5362:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
5221:Pacification of Tonkin
5188:independence movements
4895:Pacification of Tonkin
4784:France–China relations
4769:French colonial empire
4461: collectivities
4299:Sanjak of Alexandretta
4152:Former French colonies
3949:Former French colonies
3707:Former French colonies
3662:French overseas empire
3606:Foreign aid to Vietnam
3597:Diplomatic missions of
3523:Multilateral relations
1341:surface-to-air missile
1274:
1155:Kings of Luang Prabang
1085:
1076:Native priests of the
1033:
995:
931:Battle of Paper Bridge
921:
890:
792:
773:to France in the 1862
730:
660:Bombardment of Đà Nẵng
597:
556:. This came after the
519:
456:
422:Citadel of Duyên Khanh
357:
266:
233:
5724:independence movement
5068:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
4764:France–Asia relations
4408:Inhabited territories
4340:France–Asia relations
3895:Somaliland (Djibouti)
2317:Republic of the Congo
1261:
1126:on 16 November 1887.
1075:
1020:
989:
919:
880:
787:
717:
606:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
594:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
591:
446:
339:
261:
200:Christianity in Japan
124:French Embassy, Hanoi
5251:Thái Nguyên uprising
5236:Yên Thế Insurrection
5211:Cochinchina Campaign
5028:Treaty of Huế (1884)
5023:Treaty of Huế (1883)
5013:Treaty of Huế (1863)
4987:Partition of Vietnam
4927:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
4922:Thái Nguyên uprising
4686:overseas departments
4621:Scattered Islands in
4502: collectivity
3960:French North America
3376:United Arab Emirates
2733:United Arab Emirates
2131:Sondhaus, Lawrence.
2044:. Routledge (1992).
1329:Gia Lâm railway yard
1323:On 11 October 1972,
1130:was added after the
958:Treaty of Hué (1883)
937:) was sent. Admiral
779:Treaty of Huế (1863)
676:Cochinchina campaign
666:Territorial conquest
479:, with the warships
386:Treaty of Versailles
5296:First Indochina War
5256:Bazin assassination
5073:Charles de Montigny
4977:First Indochina War
4932:Bazin assassination
4655:Juan de Nova Island
4542:North Pacific Ocean
4154:in Asia and Oceania
3611:Overseas Vietnamese
2513:Trinidad and Tobago
2180:Tucker, Spencer C.
1978:Jonathan Wilkenfeld
1356:François Mitterrand
1279:First Indochina War
1254:First Indochina War
1210:
1205:Bilateral relations
1168:
1163:Bilateral relations
1147:Emperors of Vietnam
1112:Kingdom of Cambodia
994:, 16 December 1883.
823:. They reached the
777:, confirmed by the
727:Antoine Morel-Fatio
694:Charles de Montigny
537:Attempt at overture
416:style, such as the
346:Olivier de Puymanel
228:Alexandre de Rhodes
184:Vietnamese alphabet
172:Alexandre de Rhodes
142:Alexandre de Rhodes
68:
63:Bilateral relations
5514:Nguyễn Thượng Hiền
5438:Nguyễn Thiện Thuật
5347:Tonkin Free School
4560:Overseas territory
4085:France Antarctique
4072:Equinoctial France
4035:Dominican Republic
1995:Bühler, Konrad G.
1898:The New York Times
1327:jets attacked the
1325:United States Navy
1275:
1086:
1034:
996:
992:capture of Sơn Tây
922:
891:
885:was killed by the
793:
754:river, and seized
731:
710:French Cochinchina
626:Dominique Lefèbvre
598:
527:Lê Văn Khôi revolt
457:
378:Pigneau de Béhaine
358:
328:Pigneau de Béhaine
267:
146:Pigneau de Béhaine
119:Diplomatic mission
5733:
5732:
5458:Nguyễn Trung Trực
5393:Nguyễn Quang Bích
5337:Empire of Vietnam
5306:Geneva Conference
5286:August Revolution
5266:Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets
5231:Hanoi Poison Plot
5152:
5151:
4962:August Revolution
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4611:Amsterdam Islands
4602:Kerguelen Islands
4550:Clipperton Island
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4489:Wallis and Futuna
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4257:Mandate for Syria
4247:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
4209:Indochinese Union
4116:
4115:
3913:
3912:
3826:Equatorial Africa
3628:
3627:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3039:
3038:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2175:978-0-299-21774-7
2156:978-1-55729-002-1
2141:978-1-86189-202-7
2111:978-0-275-93562-7
2096:978-2-262-02571-7
2082:978-1-55970-306-2
2067:978-0-510-27305-7
2050:978-0-415-07822-1
2040:Goldstein, Erik.
2035:978-0-313-31170-3
2020:978-0-313-29622-2
1990:978-0-472-10806-0
1982:A Study of Crisis
1962:Bernard, Hervé.
1924:978-90-411-1553-9
1861:The Last Emperors
1786:Tran & Reid,
1751:The Last Emperors
1694:The Last Emperors
1613:The Last Emperors
1382:consulate-general
1358:became the first
1307:Geneva Conference
1245:
1244:
1203:
1202:
1151:Kings of Cambodia
1122:became the first
1038:Bắc Ninh Campaign
802:Chasseloup-Laubat
791:in Paris in 1863.
748:Battle of Palikao
735:Capture of Saigon
719:Capture of Saigon
672:Citadel of Saigon
499:In 1825, emperor
418:Citadel of Saigon
372:, future Emperor
342:Citadel of Saigon
131:
130:
61:
60:
16:(Redirected from
5814:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5728:
5690:Nguyễn Trọng Hợp
5626:Governor-General
5621:French Indochina
5509:Nguyễn Thần Hiến
5494:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng
5381:Uprising Leaders
5226:Bãi Sậy uprising
5179:
5172:
5165:
5156:
5139:Tonkinese Rifles
4837:State of Vietnam
4750:French Indochina
4743:
4736:
4729:
4720:
4641:Glorioso Islands
4622:
4573:
4566:
4562:
4538:
4527:
4501:
4474:Saint Barthélemy
4469:French Polynesia
4460:
4420:
4415:
4404:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4174:Coromandel Coast
4145:
4138:
4131:
4122:
4003:French Caribbean
3983:Terre Neuve
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3556:East Asia Summit
3182:
3181:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3094:
3045:
2994:
2950:Papua New Guinea
2621:Kurdistan Region
2526:
2282:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2101:McLeod, Mark W.
2025:Chapuis, Oscar.
2010:Chapuis, Oscar.
1974:Brecher, Michael
1951:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1806:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1609:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1533:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1417:
1405:
1386:Ho Chi Minh City
1360:French President
1303:State of Vietnam
1233:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1090:French Indochina
1026:fusiliers-marins
1008:Sơn Tây Campaign
855:, negotiated by
853:Treaty of Saigon
775:Treaty of Saigon
739:Second Opium War
517:
426:Philippe Vannier
289:François Deydier
277:Joseph Tissanier
231:
106:
105:
95:
94:
76:
69:
56:
53:
47:
35:
34:
27:
21:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5758:
5756:
5744:
5736:
5734:
5729:
5719:Wars in Vietnam
5715:
5709:
5668:
5599:
5563:
5554:Phan Văn Trường
5519:Nguyễn Thái Học
5467:Revolutionaries
5462:
5453:Đinh Công Tráng
5443:Tôn Thất Thuyết
5423:Phan Đình Phùng
5408:Nguyễn Hữu Huân
5376:
5310:
5201:Siege of Saigon
5189:
5183:
5153:
5148:
5112:
5093:Francis Garnier
5051:
5049:
5042:
4991:
4841:
4794:
4788:
4752:
4747:
4717:
4708:
4690:Claimed by the
4664:
4660:Tromelin Island
4631:Bassas da India
4615:
4565:French Southern
4554:
4532:
4513:
4493:
4453:
4421: regions
4409:
4398:
4396:Overseas France
4393:
4349:
4331:
4303:
4289:Greater Lebanon
4259:and the Lebanon
4258:
4251:
4203:
4155:
4149:
4112:
4094:
4066:
3997:
3954:
3952:in the Americas
3946:
3909:
3886:
3858:
3820:
3738:
3710:
3704:
3664:
3659:
3629:
3624:
3615:
3585:
3534:
3518:
3502:
3481:
3380:
3234:
3183:
3174:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3091:
3082:
3050:
3035:
3002:
2980:
2959:
2918:
2742:
2542:
2524:
2436:
2276:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2203:
2201:Further reading
2116:Randier, Jean.
2061:. Benn (1968).
1959:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1748:
1741:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1610:
1595:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1536:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1409:
1406:
1373:
1349:
1267:"Flying Boxcar"
1256:
1250:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1206:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1164:
1116:Sino-French war
1092:
1070:
1062:Sino-French War
1054:Tientsin Accord
984:
982:Sino-French War
978:Tonkin Campaign
976:Main articles:
974:
895:Francis Garnier
875:
865:
821:Francis Garnier
797:Phan Thanh Giản
789:Phan Thanh Giản
712:
706:
682:
668:
602:François Guizot
586:
539:
531:Joseph Marchand
518:
515:
497:
436:and the doctor
406:Count de Conway
350:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
334:
322:Main articles:
320:
232:
226:
164:
158:
107:
103:
96:
92:
64:
57:
51:
48:
45:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5820:
5818:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5766:
5754:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Huỳnh Công Tấn
5692:
5687:
5682:
5680:Hoàng Cao Khải
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5618:
5613:
5611:Albert Sarraut
5607:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5549:Phan Chu Trinh
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Nguyễn An Ninh
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5433:Hoàng Hoa Thám
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:Nguyễn Xuân Ôn
5415:
5413:Phan Xích Long
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5342:Nguyễn dynasty
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:Yên Bái mutiny
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5108:Albert Sarraut
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5083:Amédée Courbet
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Yên Bái mutiny
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4684:Also known as
4681:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4647:Banc du Geyser
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4587:Crozet Islands
4584:
4576:
4570:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4294:Jabal al-Druze
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4267:State of Syria
4263:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4062:Virgin Islands
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4026:Saint-Domingue
4023:
4021:The Grenadines
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3988:French Florida
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3905:Isle de France
3902:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3590:Related topics
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3530:European Union
3526:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Czech Republic
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3031:United Nations
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2914:United Kingdom
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Czech Republic
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2178:
2159:
2144:
2129:
2114:
2099:
2085:
2070:
2053:
2038:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1971:
1966:Henri Rieunier
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1923:
1903:
1888:
1879:
1877:Randier, p.383
1867:
1852:
1839:
1837:Randier, p.382
1825:
1810:
1808:Randier, p.381
1792:
1779:
1777:Randier, p.380
1770:
1758:
1739:
1723:
1706:
1685:
1673:
1657:
1648:
1635:
1620:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1551:
1534:
1515:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1372:
1369:
1348:
1345:
1252:Main article:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1114:following the
1088:Main article:
1069:
1066:
973:
970:
939:Amédée Courbet
864:
861:
705:
702:
667:
664:
585:
582:
554:Louis-Philippe
547:Prime Minister
538:
535:
513:
496:
493:
451:, 1813 model.
319:
316:
224:
210:as well as in
157:
156:First contacts
154:
150:Nguyễn dynasty
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
100:
88:
87:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
62:
59:
58:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5819:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5739:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:Collaborators
5671:
5663:
5662:Administrator
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5650:Administrator
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5638:Administrator
5636:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:French rulers
5602:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5499:Vũ Hồng Khanh
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5484:Phan Bội Châu
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Lương Văn Can
5472:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:Organisations
5313:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:Organisations
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:Auguste Pavie
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Henri Rivière
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5050:personalities
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:Europa Island
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4524:
4510:
4509:New Caledonia
4507:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:French Guiana
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Alawite State
4282:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Saint Vincent
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Grande Comore
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3794:Four Communes
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3777:Arguin Island
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:Côte d'Ivoire
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:United States
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Liechtenstein
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2518:United States
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2194:0-8131-0966-3
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:Tạ, Văn Tài.
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:2-35261-022-2
2123:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:Kamm, Henry.
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:90-411-1553-6
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1236:South Vietnam
1226:
1216:
1212:
1198:
1195:
1194:North Vietnam
1184:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:protectorates
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:(1884–1885).
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1080:, in western
1079:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:Bắc Lệ ambush
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
988:
983:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
927:
926:Henri Rivière
918:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
888:
884:
883:Henri Rivière
879:
874:
870:
862:
860:
858:
854:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
798:
790:
786:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
681:
677:
673:
665:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
637:
631:
630:John Percival
627:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
590:
583:
581:
579:
575:
574:Favin-Lévêque
571:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:Marshal Soult
548:
544:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
512:
508:
506:
502:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
450:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Nguyễn family
363:
355:
351:
347:
344:was built by
343:
338:
333:
329:
325:
317:
315:
313:
309:
308:Pierre Poivre
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
273:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
229:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
203:
202:around 1620:
201:
197:
193:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
126:
122:
117:
113:
110:
99:
89:
86:
84:
83:
79:
75:
70:
55:
52:November 2017
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
5559:Trần Cao Vân
5539:Nguyễn Thành
5534:Nguyễn Quyền
5479:Trần Quý Cáp
5448:Cầm Bá Thước
5428:Tống Duy Tân
5398:Võ Duy Dương
5271:World War II
4942:World War II
4827:Guangzhouwan
4773:
4645:
4579:
4479:Saint Martin
4315:New Hebrides
4169:Chandernagor
4161:French India
3993:French Texas
3849:Ubangi-Shari
3844:Middle Congo
3811:James Island
3716:North Africa
3421:
3346:Saudi Arabia
2999:Multilateral
2971:Soviet Union
2737:
2728:Turkmenistan
2693:Saudi Arabia
2417:South Africa
2207:
2181:
2162:
2147:
2132:
2117:
2102:
2087:
2073:
2058:
2041:
2026:
2011:
1996:
1981:
1963:
1944:
1933:
1913:
1906:
1900:. p. 1.
1897:
1891:
1882:
1860:
1855:
1842:
1782:
1773:
1761:
1750:
1731:
1726:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1683:Tucker, p.28
1665:
1660:
1655:Tucker, p.27
1651:
1638:
1612:
1588:
1583:
1578:, p. 173-179
1575:
1570:
1559:
1554:
1526:
1510:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1353:
1350:
1322:
1315:
1276:
1263:French Union
1159:
1136:
1093:
1050:
1046:Guangxi Army
1035:
1025:
1021:
1010:against the
997:
953:
949:
943:
923:
892:
837:
806:
794:
760:
732:
690:Napoleon III
683:
647:
643:
641:
636:Constitution
635:
623:
608:and Captain
599:
577:
567:
540:
523:Lê Văn Duyệt
520:
510:
504:
498:
484:
480:
458:
448:
410:
390:Pulo-Condore
359:
312:Nguyễn lords
301:
270:
268:
234:
205:
188:
180:Papal States
165:
133:
132:
49:
41:
5700:Nguyễn Thân
5685:Trần Bá Lộc
5616:Jean Decoux
5544:Tạ Thu Thâu
5524:Hồ Chí Minh
5403:Trương Định
5332:Duy Tân Hội
5241:World War I
4912:World War I
4802:Cochinchina
4795:territories
4793:Constituent
4702:Claimed by
4696:Claimed by
4581:Adélie Land
4499:Sui generis
4230:Cochinchina
4047:Saint Lucia
3801:Upper Volta
3744:West Africa
3539:Memberships
3498:New Zealand
3356:South Korea
3336:Philippines
3321:North Korea
3246:Afghanistan
2945:New Zealand
2904:Switzerland
2859:Netherlands
2703:South Korea
2683:Philippines
2668:North Korea
2554:Afghanistan
2488:El Salvador
2347:Ivory Coast
2056:Honey, P.J.
1765:Goldstein,
1318:Vietnam War
1311:Vietnam War
1283:Hồ Chí Minh
1281:. In 1945,
1269:during the
1104:Cochinchina
1012:Black Flags
911:Black Flags
903:Jean Dupuis
887:Black Flags
809:Cochinchina
680:Trương Định
648:Victorieuse
489:Louis XVIII
475:arrived in
402:Pondicherry
279:arrived in
212:Cochinchina
5786:Categories
5585:Thành Thái
5504:Ngô Đức Kế
5186:Vietnamese
4757:Background
4698:Madagascar
4607:Saint Paul
4439:Martinique
4434:Guadeloupe
4189:Pondichéry
3900:Madagascar
3772:Mauritania
3601:in Vietnam
3514:Yugoslavia
3452:Luxembourg
3251:Bangladesh
3165:Madagascar
2976:Yugoslavia
2849:Luxembourg
2638:Kazakhstan
2569:Bangladesh
2564:Azerbaijan
2525:(historic)
2392:Mozambique
2377:Mauritania
2367:Madagascar
2302:Cape Verde
2216:9622096506
1846:Sondhaus,
1443:References
1336:a falling
1139:federation
1110:) and the
867:See also:
771:Định Tường
708:See also:
670:See also:
434:de Forsans
370:Nguyễn Ánh
160:See also:
5388:Phạm Bành
5367:Việt Minh
5322:Cần Vương
4704:Mauritius
4563: (
3973:Louisiana
3854:Cameroons
3493:Australia
3351:Singapore
3331:Palestine
3276:Indonesia
3230:Venezuela
3073:in France
3049:Diplomacy
3001:relations
2930:Australia
2698:Singapore
2678:Palestine
2606:Indonesia
2589:Hong Kong
2538:Venezuela
2448:Argentina
2382:Mauritius
2275:relations
2273:Bilateral
2118:La Royale
1859:Chapuis,
1749:Chapuis,
1732:A History
1730:Chapuis,
1692:Chapuis,
1666:A History
1664:Chapuis,
1611:Chapuis,
1589:A History
1587:Chapuis,
1576:A History
1574:Chapuis,
1560:A History
1558:Chapuis,
1527:A History
1525:Chapuis,
1448:Citations
1354:In 1990,
1333:Red River
1291:Việt Minh
935:ironclads
893:In 1873,
848:Vĩnh Long
831:river in
684:In 1858,
570:Thiệu Trị
543:Opium War
501:Minh Mạng
485:Espérance
461:Minh Mạng
382:Louis XVI
285:Trịnh Tạc
253:Mgr Pallu
241:Ayutthaya
5752:Politics
5580:Hàm Nghi
5568:Emperors
5489:Cường Để
4996:Treaties
4817:Cambodia
4459:Overseas
4419:Overseas
4277:Damascus
4226:Vietnam
4217:Cambodia
4194:Karaikal
4011:Dominica
3806:Togoland
3467:Slovakia
3437:Holy See
3402:Bulgaria
3366:Thailand
3326:Pakistan
3311:Mongolia
3306:Malaysia
3261:Cambodia
3188:Americas
3170:Tanzania
3021:Americas
2940:Kiribati
2874:Portugal
2814:Holy See
2774:Bulgaria
2718:Thailand
2673:Pakistan
2653:Malaysia
2579:Cambodia
2508:Suriname
2473:Colombia
2453:Barbados
2441:Americas
2422:Tanzania
2337:Ethiopia
2327:Djibouti
2188:(1999).
2169:(2006).
1718:Tucker,
1630:McLeod,
1591:, p. 190
1426:See also
1042:Bắc Ninh
1030:Bắc Ninh
889:in 1883.
881:Captain
840:Châu Đốc
829:Song-Koï
767:Gia Định
763:Biên Hòa
596:in 1847.
560:and the
514:—
447:Frigate
396:(modern
374:Gia Long
356:in 1790.
332:Gia Long
304:Phố Hiến
272:Padroado
225:—
220:soldiers
216:Holy See
5776:Vietnam
5738:Portals
5705:Lê Hoan
5595:Bảo Đại
5590:Duy Tân
5327:Đông Du
4692:Comoros
4449:Réunion
4444:Mayotte
4362:Present
4320:Vanuatu
4308:Oceania
4080:Berbice
4016:Grenada
3872:Anjouan
3864:Comoros
3816:Albreda
3789:Senegal
3757:Dahomey
3734:Tunisia
3729:Morocco
3724:Algeria
3486:Oceania
3477:Ukraine
3442:Hungary
3427:Germany
3417:Finland
3412:Denmark
3397:Belarus
3392:Austria
3316:Myanmar
3225:Uruguay
3145:Algeria
2955:Vanuatu
2923:Oceania
2909:Ukraine
2879:Romania
2829:Ireland
2824:Iceland
2819:Hungary
2804:Germany
2799:Finland
2794:Denmark
2779:Croatia
2769:Belgium
2764:Austria
2759:Andorra
2754:Albania
2738:Vietnam
2658:Myanmar
2648:Lebanon
2596:Georgia
2559:Armenia
2533:Uruguay
2432:Tunisia
2412:Somalia
2407:Senegal
2387:Morocco
2357:Liberia
2292:Algeria
2182:Vietnam
1964:Amiral
1957:Sources
1700:Quote:
1642:Honey,
1108:Vietnam
844:Hà Tiên
743:Charner
698:Đà Nẵng
656:Đà Nẵng
632:of the
618:British
614:Lagrene
610:Charner
578:Héroïne
562:Vatican
477:Đà Nẵng
438:Despiau
420:or the
398:Da Nang
394:Tourane
362:Tây Sơn
192:bishops
176:Avignon
170:priest
140:father
109:Vietnam
42:updated
5764:France
5575:Tự Đức
5194:Events
5048:French
4846:Events
4807:Tonkin
4272:Aleppo
4240:Tonkin
4199:Yanaon
4179:Madras
4057:Tobago
3978:Canada
3968:Acadia
3882:Mohéli
3767:Guinea
3669:Former
3507:Former
3462:Russia
3457:Poland
3432:Greece
3422:France
3385:Europe
3371:Turkey
3361:Taiwan
3291:Israel
3256:Brunei
3210:Mexico
3195:Canada
3150:Angola
3138:Africa
3011:Africa
2964:Former
2899:Sweden
2889:Serbia
2884:Russia
2869:Poland
2864:Norway
2854:Monaco
2839:Kosovo
2809:Greece
2784:Cyprus
2747:Europe
2723:Turkey
2713:Taiwan
2628:Israel
2574:Brunei
2523:Texas
2498:Mexico
2463:Canada
2458:Brazil
2402:Rwanda
2297:Angola
2285:Africa
2214:
2192:
2173:
2154:
2139:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2080:
2065:
2048:
2033:
2018:
2003:
1988:
1976:&
1921:
1548:p. 86.
1546:Kamm,
1513:, p.55
1498:, p.54
1462:, p.25
1380:and a
1225:France
1183:France
1153:, and
1100:Tonkin
1082:Tonkin
1022:Turcos
1000:Tonkin
966:Tonkin
954:Vipère
899:Tonkin
833:Tonkin
825:Yunnan
813:Mekong
756:Mỹ Tho
752:Mekong
678:, and
644:Gloire
505:Thétis
481:Thétis
449:Thétis
414:Vauban
384:: the
354:Vauban
330:, and
281:Tonkin
208:Tonkin
196:clergy
168:Jesuit
138:Jesuit
98:France
4812:Annam
4235:Annam
4090:Inini
4031:Haïti
3839:Gabon
3784:Niger
3762:Sudan
3472:Spain
3447:Italy
3341:Qatar
3296:Japan
3271:India
3266:China
3200:Chile
3160:Libya
3155:Kenya
3077:Paris
2894:Spain
2834:Italy
2708:Syria
2688:Qatar
2663:Nepal
2633:Japan
2601:India
2584:China
2493:Haiti
2468:Chile
2397:Niger
2362:Libya
2352:Kenya
2342:Gabon
2332:Egypt
1822:p.179
1788:p.207
1736:p.195
1670:p.194
1644:p. 43
1564:p.175
1531:p.172
1393:Paris
1378:Hanoi
1287:China
1096:Annam
962:Annam
907:Hanoi
247:, by
4822:Laos
4609:and
4222:Laos
4184:Mahé
3834:Chad
3301:Laos
3286:Iraq
3281:Iran
3239:Asia
3215:Peru
3205:Cuba
3016:Asia
2935:Fiji
2643:Laos
2616:Iraq
2611:Iran
2547:Asia
2503:Peru
2478:Cuba
2427:Togo
2372:Mali
2312:Chad
2212:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2122:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2016:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1864:p.66
1848:p.75
1767:p.95
1755:p.49
1720:p.29
1632:p.27
1617:p. 4
1485:p.99
1483:Tạ,
1338:SA-2
1137:The
1128:Laos
1036:The
1024:and
990:The
980:and
964:and
952:and
950:Lynx
871:and
846:and
819:and
769:and
646:and
634:USS
483:and
471:and
348:for
340:The
251:and
245:Siam
1698:p.5
1384:in
1028:at
946:Huế
721:by
654:to
639:).
465:Huế
5788::
4033:,
3599:/
3071:/
2184:.
2165:.
1980:.
1870:^
1828:^
1813:^
1795:^
1753:,
1742:^
1734:,
1709:^
1696:,
1676:^
1668:,
1623:^
1615:,
1596:^
1562:,
1537:^
1529:,
1518:^
1503:^
1367:.
1343:.
1320:.
1313:.
1149:,
1134:.
1102:,
1098:,
1048:.
859:.
842:,
804:.
781:.
765:,
758:.
674:,
440:.
432:,
428:,
404:,
326:,
299:.
243:,
186:.
5740::
5178:e
5171:t
5164:v
4742:e
4735:t
4728:v
4569:)
4388:e
4381:t
4374:v
4144:e
4137:t
4130:v
3941:e
3934:t
3927:v
3699:e
3692:t
3685:v
3654:e
3647:t
3640:v
3116:e
3109:t
3102:v
3079:)
3075:(
2245:e
2238:t
2231:v
2218:.
2196:.
2177:.
2158:.
2143:.
2128:.
2113:.
2098:.
2084:.
2069:.
2052:.
2037:.
2022:.
2007:.
1992:.
1927:.
1790:.
1395:.
1388:.
1273:.
1084:.
1032:.
729:.
455:.
265:.
230:.
54:)
50:(
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
