306:
27:
124:: officered by Frenchmen who agreed to take joint French-Nigerien citizenship. In 1960 there were only ten African officers in the Nigerien army, all of low rank. President Diori signed legislation to end employment of expatriate military officers in 1965, though some continued to serve until the 1974 coup when all French military presence was evacuated. As well, the French had maintained until 1974 around 1000 troops of the 4th
803:
1800:
769:
46:
951:
1812:
57:
164:, with France being a major contributor to Niger's net exports as large amounts of uranium are transported from Niger to France. (One source estimates that France receives 25% of their Uranium from Niger?). More recently, Niger criticized France for the agreement, arguing that Niger should retain a larger share of profits from uranium ore mining.
172:
While conflicts have developed and subsided between the two independent republics, France maintains a strong diplomatic presence in Niamey and several thousand French expatriates live across the nation. Niger in turn maintains one of its only 24 foreign embassies in Paris along with three
Honorary
209:
More recently, France–Niger ties are showing some signs of deterioration. In August 2023, Niger denounced “cooperation agreements in the field of security and defense” with France by a decree announcing the end of the various military and defense agreements with France. Shortly afterwards, French
115:
Niger has maintained close ties with France, its former colonial power throughout the history of the
Nigerien Republic. Following Niger's independence in 1960, France maintained several hundred advisers at all levels of Niger's government and military. In the 1960s, the
214:
announced it plans to end its military presence in Niger, with Macron stating "we are not there to deal with internal politics and be hostages of putschists." France does not recognize de facto leadership of Niger, maintaining that
552:
686:
582:
641:
100:
from the diverse pre-colonial nationalities which make up modern Niger. France benefited economically from their time as a colonial power, and still relies on imports from Niger for elements of their economy.
202:, thousands of Nigeriens stormed the French embassy. Its walls and gates were set ablaze and damaged after topping them with Russian flags. The demonstrators also called for an immediate intervention by the
904:
899:
612:
222:
In
December 2023, it was announced that France intends to close its embassy in Niamey because it is unable to carry out diplomatic tasks due to restrictions imposed by the ruling junta.
522:
544:
1017:
456:
274:
provide major institutions for the growth and promotion of French culture in Niger, as well as promoting
Nigerien culture to a French audience. Niger is a founding member of the
939:
757:
491:
305:
156:
France-Nigerien relations continue to be close, with France as Niger's top export partner by value and the French government being almost entirely dependent upon Niger for
1847:
1759:
574:
633:
662:
1002:
604:
1012:
438:
1428:
932:
236:
Nigerien national culture, made up as it is of a diverse group of pre-colonial national cultures, has been greatly influenced by French culture. The
1208:
750:
250:
1218:
352:
917:
265:
1837:
1721:
1645:
1316:
92:, beginning with the French conquest in 1898. Niger obtained independence from France in 1960, and a history of French influenced culture and
1842:
1768:
1764:
514:
1772:
925:
894:
890:
1832:
1609:
1484:
735:
709:
460:
26:
743:
723:
1539:
1213:
1666:
1423:
1388:
1112:
817:
483:
377:
337:
1640:
1599:
1554:
1398:
1378:
1363:
1249:
1183:
1042:
1671:
1544:
1333:
1264:
1259:
1087:
1072:
1062:
997:
245:
260:
1625:
1393:
1373:
1301:
1284:
1233:
1143:
1077:
787:
195:
1716:
1635:
1569:
1509:
1469:
1413:
1368:
1348:
1274:
1203:
1178:
1168:
1148:
1117:
1032:
1022:
1754:
1726:
1790:
1650:
1604:
1574:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1474:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1433:
1353:
1343:
1291:
1254:
1228:
1127:
1107:
1102:
1082:
1052:
987:
1706:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1534:
1504:
1479:
1418:
1408:
1323:
1269:
1193:
1158:
1153:
1097:
992:
869:
792:
160:
to fuels its extensive nuclear power system. The French government developed large uranium mining sites in the town of
955:
1589:
1529:
1403:
1383:
1358:
1328:
1296:
1279:
1188:
1163:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
848:
843:
191:, a former Nigerien minister of Social Development, served as an ambassador of Niger in Paris between 1997 and 2003.
773:
547:[Thousands of Nigeriens take to the streets of Niamey to defend the coup plotters amid chants for Russia].
1711:
1630:
1338:
1311:
1306:
1198:
1173:
1122:
1067:
1007:
874:
838:
833:
435:
332:, see Samuel Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press, London and New Jersey (1979).
545:"Miles de nigerinos salen a las calles de Niamey para defender a los golpistas entre gritos a favor de Rusia"
121:
89:
687:"NIGER Coup d'Etat au Niger : la junte « dénonce » des accords militaires avec la France"
88:. Their relations are based on a long shared history and the more than sixty year rule of Niger by the
398:
349:
206:. On 25 August the junta ordered French ambassador Sylvain Itte to leave the country within 48 hours.
199:
110:
515:"French embassy in Niger is attacked as protesters waving Russian flags march through capital"
373:
333:
241:
129:
117:
77:
720:
663:"Niger's military administration gives German, US, Nigerian envoys 48 hours to leave country"
231:
97:
1804:
1694:
727:
442:
356:
237:
211:
185:) serving a large expatriate and naturalised Niger born population which lives in France.
93:
577:[Thousands of people participate in a march in Niamey in support of the coup].
216:
1799:
802:
436:
French
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ambassades et consulats étrangers en France: NIGER
1826:
1816:
968:
275:
203:
188:
575:"Miles de personas participan en Niamey en una marcha en apoyo al golpe de Estado"
634:"Paris says Niger's junta 'have no authority' to ask their ambassador to leave"
484:"West Africa threatens force on Niger coup leaders, French embassy attacked"
182:
174:
157:
148:. In 1979 a smaller French force was again based permanently in Niger.
950:
288:
271:
256:
145:
137:
133:
81:
61:
710:
France plans to close embassy in Niger following coup, letter shows
768:
295:
161:
141:
96:
have been a point of commonality in the creation of a distinctive
85:
50:
423:
178:
1743:
1692:
966:
921:
739:
244:
of the
Republic of Niger. Cultural centers, such as the
120:
was drawn entirely from
Nigerien former members of the
721:
La France au Niger: Centres culturels franco nigériens
1788:
1659:
1618:
1442:
1242:
1136:
980:
883:
857:
826:
810:
780:
33:
359:: the 4th RIAOM was dissolved after leaving Niger.
482:Balima, Boureima; Onuah, Felix (31 July 2023).
276:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
933:
751:
8:
19:
1740:
1689:
977:
963:
940:
926:
918:
758:
744:
736:
459:(in French). Nigerdiaspora. Archived from
457:"Portraits des femmes pionnières du Niger"
246:Centre Culturel Franco-Nigérien Jean Rouch
399:"Ahmadinejad to visit uranium-rich Niger"
261:Center Culturel Franco-Nigérien de Zinder
1848:Relations of colonizer and former colony
1795:
321:
301:
605:"Niger junta expels French ambassador"
426:, official site. Retrieved 2009-02-11
18:
7:
644:from the original on 26 August 2023
615:from the original on 25 August 2023
494:from the original on 1 August 2023
350:4e Régiment Interarmes d'Outre-Mer
14:
585:from the original on 30 July 2023
555:from the original on 30 July 2023
525:from the original on 30 July 2023
1810:
1798:
949:
801:
767:
372:, Yale University Press (1990).
330:History of the FAN prior to 1974
304:
55:
44:
25:
455:Moutari, Souley (13 May 2014).
126:Régiment Interarmes d'Outre-Mer
105:Colonialism and decolonisation
1:
1838:Bilateral relations of France
1765:Diplomatic missions of France
1755:French entry into World War I
513:Mednick, Sam (30 July 2023).
370:Coups and Army Rule in Africa
1843:Bilateral relations of Niger
1018:Democratic Republic of Congo
891:Diplomatic missions of Niger
551:(in Spanish). 30 July 2023.
282:Resident diplomatic missions
1760:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1179:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
956:Foreign relations of France
900:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1864:
774:Foreign relations of Niger
424:Embassy of France in Niger
229:
219:is the legitimate leader.
108:
1750:
1739:
1702:
1688:
976:
962:
799:
311:Embassy of Niger in Paris
287:France has an embassy in
67:
54:
43:
24:
20:Franco-Nigerien relations
1003:Central African Republic
294:Niger has an embassy in
1722:Commonwealth of Nations
730:. Retrieved 2009-02-11
581:(in European Spanish).
1833:France–Niger relations
122:French Colonial Forces
90:French colonial empire
74:France–Niger relations
1013:Republic of the Congo
173:consular offices (in
152:Current economic ties
1429:United Arab Emirates
317:Notes and references
240:continues to be the
168:Diplomatic relations
1209:Trinidad and Tobago
884:Diplomatic missions
194:In the wake of the
21:
16:Bilateral relations
726:2008-05-12 at the
463:on 2 February 2016
441:2009-11-06 at the
355:2016-03-17 at the
198:and the following
111:French West Africa
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1735:
1734:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
915:
914:
242:official language
130:Troupes de Marine
118:Military of Niger
78:foreign relations
71:
70:
1855:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1741:
1690:
1646:Papua New Guinea
1317:Kurdistan Region
1222:
978:
964:
954:
953:
942:
935:
928:
919:
805:
772:
771:
760:
753:
746:
737:
731:
718:
712:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
659:
653:
652:
650:
649:
630:
624:
623:
621:
620:
601:
595:
594:
592:
590:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
541:
535:
534:
532:
530:
510:
504:
503:
501:
499:
479:
473:
472:
470:
468:
452:
446:
433:
427:
421:
415:
414:
412:
410:
395:
389:
386:
380:
366:
360:
347:
341:
328:for the section
326:
308:
269:
254:
232:Culture of Niger
196:2023 coup d'état
132:) with bases at
98:Nigerien culture
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1746:
1731:
1698:
1676:
1655:
1614:
1438:
1238:
1220:
1132:
972:
958:
948:
946:
916:
911:
879:
853:
822:
806:
797:
776:
766:
764:
734:
728:Wayback Machine
719:
715:
708:
704:
695:
693:
691:LeMonde Afrique
685:
684:
680:
671:
669:
661:
660:
656:
647:
645:
632:
631:
627:
618:
616:
603:
602:
598:
588:
586:
573:
572:
568:
558:
556:
543:
542:
538:
528:
526:
512:
511:
507:
497:
495:
481:
480:
476:
466:
464:
454:
453:
449:
443:Wayback Machine
434:
430:
422:
418:
408:
406:
405:. 14 April 2013
397:
396:
392:
387:
383:
368:Samuel Decalo.
367:
363:
357:Wayback Machine
348:
344:
327:
323:
319:
312:
309:
284:
263:
248:
238:French language
234:
228:
212:Emmanuel Macron
170:
154:
113:
107:
94:French language
60:
56:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1861:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1807:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1727:United Nations
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1610:United Kingdom
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:Czech Republic
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
982:
974:
973:
967:
960:
959:
947:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
907:
897:
887:
885:
881:
880:
878:
877:
872:
867:
861:
859:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
824:
823:
821:
820:
814:
812:
808:
807:
800:
798:
796:
795:
790:
784:
782:
778:
777:
765:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
733:
732:
713:
702:
678:
654:
640:. 2023-08-25.
625:
611:. 2023-08-25.
596:
566:
536:
505:
474:
447:
428:
416:
390:
388:Decalo (1997).
381:
361:
342:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
303:
300:
299:
292:
283:
280:
230:Main article:
227:
224:
217:Mohamed Bazoum
169:
166:
153:
150:
109:Main article:
106:
103:
69:
68:
65:
64:
53:
41:
40:
38:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1860:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:Liechtenstein
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:United States
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
979:
975:
970:
965:
961:
957:
952:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
896:
892:
889:
888:
886:
882:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
825:
819:
818:United States
816:
815:
813:
809:
804:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
779:
775:
770:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:
738:
729:
725:
722:
717:
714:
711:
706:
703:
692:
688:
682:
679:
668:
667:www.aa.com.tr
664:
658:
655:
643:
639:
635:
629:
626:
614:
610:
606:
600:
597:
584:
580:
576:
570:
567:
554:
550:
546:
540:
537:
524:
520:
516:
509:
506:
493:
489:
485:
478:
475:
462:
458:
451:
448:
444:
440:
437:
432:
429:
425:
420:
417:
404:
400:
394:
391:
385:
382:
379:
378:0-300-04045-8
375:
371:
365:
362:
358:
354:
351:
346:
343:
339:
338:0-8108-1229-0
335:
331:
325:
322:
316:
307:
302:
297:
293:
290:
286:
285:
281:
279:
277:
273:
267:
262:
258:
252:
247:
243:
239:
233:
226:Cultural ties
225:
223:
220:
218:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
167:
165:
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
112:
104:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
66:
63:
52:
42:
39:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1695:Multilateral
1667:Soviet Union
1424:Turkmenistan
1389:Saudi Arabia
1113:South Africa
1092:
864:
716:
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:
681:
670:. Retrieved
666:
657:
646:. Retrieved
637:
628:
617:. Retrieved
608:
599:
587:. Retrieved
578:
569:
557:. Retrieved
548:
539:
527:. Retrieved
518:
508:
496:. Retrieved
487:
477:
465:. Retrieved
461:the original
450:
431:
419:
407:. Retrieved
402:
393:
384:
369:
364:
345:
329:
324:
235:
221:
208:
204:Wagner Group
193:
189:Mariama Hima
187:
171:
155:
125:
114:
73:
72:
1641:New Zealand
1600:Switzerland
1555:Netherlands
1399:South Korea
1379:Philippines
1364:North Korea
1250:Afghanistan
1184:El Salvador
1043:Ivory Coast
264: [
249: [
1827:Categories
1672:Yugoslavia
1545:Luxembourg
1334:Kazakhstan
1265:Bangladesh
1260:Azerbaijan
1221:(historic)
1088:Mozambique
1073:Mauritania
1063:Madagascar
998:Cape Verde
788:Mauritania
696:2023-09-01
672:2023-08-26
648:2023-08-25
619:2023-08-25
467:28 January
403:Al Jazeera
210:president
1769:in France
1745:Diplomacy
1697:relations
1626:Australia
1394:Singapore
1374:Palestine
1302:Indonesia
1285:Hong Kong
1234:Venezuela
1144:Argentina
1078:Mauritius
971:relations
969:Bilateral
905:Ministers
638:France 24
549:LA NACION
340:pp.33–35.
183:Marseille
1805:Politics
1717:Americas
1636:Kiribati
1570:Portugal
1510:Holy See
1470:Bulgaria
1414:Thailand
1369:Pakistan
1349:Malaysia
1275:Cambodia
1204:Suriname
1169:Colombia
1149:Barbados
1137:Americas
1118:Tanzania
1033:Ethiopia
1023:Djibouti
895:in Niger
811:Americas
724:Archived
642:Archived
613:Archived
583:Archived
553:Archived
523:Archived
498:1 August
492:Archived
439:Archived
353:Archived
259:and the
175:Bordeaux
80:between
76:are the
1791:Portals
1651:Vanuatu
1619:Oceania
1605:Ukraine
1575:Romania
1525:Ireland
1520:Iceland
1515:Hungary
1500:Germany
1495:Finland
1490:Denmark
1475:Croatia
1465:Belgium
1460:Austria
1455:Andorra
1450:Albania
1434:Vietnam
1354:Myanmar
1344:Lebanon
1292:Georgia
1255:Armenia
1229:Uruguay
1128:Tunisia
1108:Somalia
1103:Senegal
1083:Morocco
1053:Liberia
988:Algeria
870:Germany
793:Nigeria
609:Reuters
589:30 July
579:infobae
559:30 July
529:30 July
519:AP News
488:Reuters
409:31 July
158:uranium
1817:France
1707:Africa
1660:Former
1595:Sweden
1585:Serbia
1580:Russia
1565:Poland
1560:Norway
1550:Monaco
1535:Kosovo
1505:Greece
1480:Cyprus
1443:Europe
1419:Turkey
1409:Taiwan
1324:Israel
1270:Brunei
1219:Texas
1194:Mexico
1159:Canada
1154:Brazil
1098:Rwanda
993:Angola
981:Africa
865:France
858:Europe
849:Turkey
844:Israel
781:Africa
376:
336:
289:Niamey
272:Zinder
257:Niamey
200:crisis
181:, and
146:Agadez
138:Zinder
134:Niamey
82:France
62:France
1773:Paris
1590:Spain
1530:Italy
1404:Syria
1384:Qatar
1359:Nepal
1329:Japan
1297:India
1280:China
1189:Haiti
1164:Chile
1093:Niger
1058:Libya
1048:Kenya
1038:Gabon
1028:Egypt
875:Spain
839:India
834:China
296:Paris
268:]
253:]
162:Arlit
142:Bilma
86:Niger
51:Niger
1712:Asia
1631:Fiji
1339:Laos
1312:Iraq
1307:Iran
1243:Asia
1199:Peru
1174:Cuba
1123:Togo
1068:Mali
1008:Chad
827:Asia
591:2023
561:2023
531:2023
500:2023
469:2016
411:2023
374:ISBN
334:ISBN
179:Lyon
144:and
84:and
270:in
255:in
1829::
1767:/
893:/
689:.
665:.
636:.
607:.
521:.
517:.
490:.
486:.
401:.
278:.
266:de
251:de
177:,
140:,
136:,
1793::
1775:)
1771:(
941:e
934:t
927:v
759:e
752:t
745:v
699:.
675:.
651:.
622:.
593:.
563:.
533:.
502:.
471:.
445:.
413:.
298:.
291:.
128:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
