151:
213:. In August of that same year, General De Gaulle returned to Lebanon, to meet with the occupying British forces who had entered the territory to prevent German advances into the Levant. In March 1943, using the 1932 census, France distributed seats in the Lebanese parliament on a ratio of six-to-five in favor of Christians. This was later extended to other public offices. The president was to be a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies a Shia Muslim. In January 1944, France agreed to transfer power to the Lebanese government, thus granting the territory independence.
27:
1825:
392:
2132:
1796:
2156:
57:
290:
925:
2144:
46:
350:
Since the French
Mandate of Lebanon, several thousands Lebanese immigrated to France. Initially, most Lebanese people who migrated to France were Christians. Christians which were once a majority in Lebanon have left Lebanon especially during the Lebanese civil war. However, most of those who migrate
387:
In 2016, trade between France and
Lebanon totaled €934 million. France is one of Lebanon's main trading partners, and more than 4,500 French companies export to Lebanon. In 2015, French direct investment in Lebanon totaled €534 million. Nearly a hundred French companies operate in Lebanon
150:
297:
After 1990, France continued to give
Lebanon a modest military assistance. Since the end of the Lebanese civil war, relations between both nations have improved and strengthened. With regards to policy of cooperation and development between both nations, there are five main objectives: the
298:
consolidation of the rule of law, economic and social development, protection of the environment and heritage, university cooperation and research, cultural exchanges and the debate of ideas. There have been numerous high-level visits between leaders of both nations. After the
302:
in 2005, Syria withdrew its troops from the country. In April 2009, French and
Lebanese officials approved the framework of a security agreement that besides improving bilateral relations include drugs and arms trafficking, illegal immigration and cyber-crime.
190:. Lebanon was not a “colony” of France. Rather, it was part of and administered by France. Lebanese people could ask for French citizenship and were treated as equal to French nationals. From November 1929 to November 1931,
351:
from
Lebanon to France are now Muslim. Many left Lebanon due to religious tension in the country, and due to the civil wars, Iranian influence in Lebanon through Hezbollah and its wars with Israel as well as invasion from
322:
All (the government’s) political components decided to dissociate themselves from all conflicts, disputes, wars or the internal affairs of brother Arab countries, in order to preserve
Lebanon’s economic and political
327:
French
President Emmanuel Macron's intervention was aimed in part to put pressure on Saudi Arabia and Iran to desist from interference in Lebanon. Later on, President Macron visited Lebanon following the
597:
2063:
1784:
991:
913:
314:, citing Iran's and Hezbollah's political over-extension in the Middle East region and fears of assassination. Later that month, with the intervention by French President
2191:
1733:
158:
attending the
Proclamation of the state of Greater Lebanon in Beirut, along with Grand Mufti of Beirut Sheikh Mustafa Naja, and on his right is the Maronite Patriarch
541:
318:, Hariri was allowed to leave Saudi Arabia (where he also holds citizenship) and travelled to Paris. On 5 December 2017, Hariri rescinded his resignation and stated:
626:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
132:
976:
262:
131:
is widely spoken fluently throughout
Lebanon and is taught as well as used as a medium of education in many Lebanese schools. Both nations are members of the
460:
1965:
986:
1777:
530:
1402:
273:
were sent to the coastal parts of West Beirut and the seaport to ensure peace in those regions. From 1982 to 1984, France was tasked with training the
906:
874:
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687:
455:
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1290:
863:
26:
1770:
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847:
2058:
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Eté 1942 : Le Général De Gaulle en Syrie et au Liban Dans le contexte des difficiles relations avec les
Britanniques (2/2) (in French)
183:
1864:
1583:
1458:
886:
127:. France, the previous administrative power, enjoys friendly relations with Lebanon and has often provided support to the Lebanese. The
1950:
1513:
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767:
572:
1640:
1397:
1362:
1086:
144:
2042:
1895:
1890:
1614:
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1372:
1352:
1337:
1223:
1157:
1016:
718:
270:
1945:
1910:
1839:
1645:
1518:
1307:
1238:
1233:
1061:
1046:
1036:
971:
790:
175:
2001:
1940:
1935:
1599:
1367:
1347:
1275:
1258:
1207:
1117:
1051:
254:
2016:
1991:
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1869:
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1387:
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1177:
1152:
1142:
1122:
1091:
1006:
996:
445:
1728:
1700:
278:
2122:
2021:
2011:
1996:
1981:
1960:
1930:
1925:
1859:
1849:
1844:
1624:
1578:
1548:
1498:
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1468:
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1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1407:
1327:
1265:
1228:
1202:
1101:
1081:
1076:
1056:
1026:
961:
644:
1824:
1800:
341:
2026:
2006:
1955:
1905:
1900:
1854:
1814:
1680:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1508:
1478:
1453:
1392:
1382:
1297:
1243:
1167:
1132:
1127:
1071:
966:
388:
in various sectors such as in the agricultural, telecommunications, retail, petroleum industry and financial services.
929:
1920:
1915:
1563:
1503:
1377:
1357:
1332:
1302:
1270:
1253:
1162:
1137:
1066:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
277:. During that same period, France lost more than 89 soldiers out of which 58 French Paratroopers were killed in the
435:
1685:
1604:
1312:
1285:
1280:
1172:
1147:
1096:
1041:
981:
663:
450:
430:
171:
77:
801:
559:
440:
519:
258:
155:
871:
2109:
694:
179:
109:
329:
274:
355:
into the country. There are over 200,000 people of Lebanese origin currently residing in France today.
372:
743:
266:
345:
222:
159:
2099:
843:
191:
864:
Relations Franco-Libanaises sur le site du Ministère des Affaires étrangères et des Émigrants
791:
Les Libanais de France : l’ouverture aux autres comme facteur d’intégration (in French)
376:
299:
490:
391:
2136:
1668:
878:
315:
128:
100:
92:
2160:
2131:
542:
Attentat du Drakkar : 30 ans après le drame, des larmes et des doutes (in French)
508:
2170:
2148:
479:
942:
311:
206:
202:
363:
There are direct flights between France and Lebanon with the following airlines:
307:
293:
French legionnaires on guard during the evacuation of the PLO from Beirut; 1982.
289:
210:
167:
368:
364:
417:
187:
229:
and voted in favor of numerous UN Resolutions regarding Lebanon such as
1795:
598:"Lebanon's prime minister just resigned 'over plot to target his life'"
124:
61:
924:
406:
352:
195:
120:
50:
627:"Lebanon's Hariri rescinds resignation, drawing line under crisis"
413:
390:
288:
149:
823:
1766:
1717:
1666:
940:
895:
812:
520:
Le Commandant De Gaulle au levant de 1929 à 1931 (in French)
664:"The Persecution of Christians in Lebanon - Algemeiner.com"
719:"The Lebanese Trend of Emigration: A New Peak Since 2019?"
768:"The Growth of Hezbollah: The Nexus of Iran's Influence"
174:
that Lebanon would be administered by France after the
2120:
225:, France was an active member in the creation of the
194:
was posted as General Staff of the Levant Troops in
154:
Commander of the French Army in the Levant, General
114:
2092:
2072:
2051:
2035:
1974:
1878:
1832:
1807:
1633:
1592:
1416:
1216:
1110:
954:
76:
71:
33:
688:"Lebanon: A Country of Emigration and Immigration"
872:Page sur le Liban sur le site FRANCE diplomatie
744:"Lebanon: The Shiite Dimension | Wilson Center"
2064:United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon
1778:
907:
645:"The limits of Macron's influence in Lebanon"
573:"Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri resigns"
560:Diplomatie: Relations bilatérales (in French)
8:
480:France takes lead role on Lebanon - BBC News
306:On 4 November 2017, Lebanese Prime Minister
19:
555:
553:
551:
549:
1785:
1771:
1763:
1714:
1663:
951:
937:
914:
900:
892:
491:French nearly fired at Israelis - BBC News
119:) are the international relations between
621:
619:
2192:Relations of colonizer and former colony
461:Lycée Franco-Libanais Habbouche-Nabatieh
456:List of Ambassadors of France to Lebanon
205:, Lebanon was initially administered by
178:. Lebanon officially became part of the
2127:
842:, 1997, published in 2008 by Lulu.com,
472:
310:resigned in a televised statement from
227:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
116:al-ʻAlāqāt al-Faransīyah al-Lubnānīyah
18:
504:
502:
500:
498:
7:
209:. By 1942, the territory came under
184:French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
723:The LAU School of Arts and Sciences
104:
253:. France was also a member of the
14:
802:Présentation du Liban (in French)
2154:
2142:
2130:
1823:
1794:
923:
55:
44:
25:
840:Les relations franco-libanaises
509:BBC: Lebanon profile - Timeline
176:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
166:In 1920, soon after the end of
2187:Bilateral relations of Lebanon
2080:Diplomatic missions of Lebanon
662:Algemeiner, The (2023-05-25).
255:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
2182:Bilateral relations of France
1739:Diplomatic missions of France
1729:French entry into World War I
279:1983 Beirut barracks bombings
1801:Foreign relations of Lebanon
992:Democratic Republic of Congo
400:Resident diplomatic missions
342:Iranian influence in Lebanon
186:, and was administered from
1734:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1153:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
930:Foreign relations of France
824:Embassy of Lebanon in Paris
813:Embassy of France in Beirut
446:Grand Lycée Franco-Libanais
416:and a consulate-general in
395:Embassy of Lebanon in Paris
115:
105:العلاقات الفرنسية اللبنانية
2208:
436:French language in Lebanon
412:Lebanon has an embassy in
339:
172:League of Nations mandated
1821:
1724:
1713:
1676:
1662:
950:
936:
887:History of France-Lebanon
451:Lebanese people in France
431:French mandate of Lebanon
405:France has an embassy in
261:, headquartered from the
82:Embassy of Lebanon, Paris
78:Embassy of France, Beirut
67:
54:
43:
24:
2177:France–Lebanon relations
977:Central African Republic
441:French people in Lebanon
89:France–Lebanon relations
20:France-Lebanon relations
1696:Commonwealth of Nations
263:Beirut Internal Airport
2052:Multilateral relations
861:(in Arabic and French)
396:
294:
163:
97:Relations France-Liban
96:
987:Republic of the Congo
394:
330:2020 Beirut explosion
292:
275:Lebanese Armed Forces
153:
1966:United Arab Emirates
1403:United Arab Emirates
748:www.wilsoncenter.org
571:Narayan, Chandrika.
373:Middle East Airlines
259:Operation Épaulard I
257:and in 1982, during
2073:Diplomatic missions
1183:Trinidad and Tobago
651:. 2 September 2020.
649:The Washington Post
267:French Armed Forces
21:
16:Bilateral relations
877:2014-07-18 at the
668:www.algemeiner.com
633:. 5 December 2017.
397:
346:Lebanese in France
295:
223:Lebanese Civil War
217:Lebanese Civil War
164:
160:Elias Peter Hoayek
72:Diplomatic mission
2118:
2117:
2105:Visa requirements
2100:Lebanese diaspora
1760:
1759:
1756:
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1709:
1708:
1658:
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848:978-1-84799-670-1
604:. 4 November 2017
192:Charles de Gaulle
182:, as part of the
162:; September 1920.
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1291:Kurdistan Region
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693:. Archived from
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300:Cedar Revolution
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879:Wayback Machine
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602:The Independent
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316:Emmanuel Macron
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129:French language
60:
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49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2205:
2203:
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2151:
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2107:
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2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
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2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2059:European Union
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
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1918:
1913:
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1876:
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1459:Czech Republic
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1951:Saudi Arabia
1669:Multilateral
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1398:Turkmenistan
1363:Saudi Arabia
1317:
1087:South Africa
884:(in English)
839:
833:Bibliography
819:
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775:. Retrieved
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725:. 2022-01-12
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695:the original
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312:Saudi Arabia
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271:Paratroopers
220:
207:Vichy France
203:World War II
200:
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133:Francophonie
88:
87:
2110:Visa policy
1615:New Zealand
1574:Switzerland
1529:Netherlands
1373:South Korea
1353:Philippines
1338:North Korea
1224:Afghanistan
1158:El Salvador
1017:Ivory Coast
869:(in French)
308:Saad Hariri
221:During the
211:Free France
168:World War I
2171:Categories
2084:in Lebanon
2043:Yugoslavia
1896:Bangladesh
1891:Azerbaijan
1646:Yugoslavia
1519:Luxembourg
1308:Kazakhstan
1239:Bangladesh
1234:Azerbaijan
1195:(historic)
1062:Mozambique
1047:Mauritania
1037:Madagascar
972:Cape Verde
777:2023-12-27
753:2023-12-27
729:2023-12-27
704:2018-08-22
673:2023-12-27
608:4 November
582:4 November
467:References
369:Air France
365:Aigle Azur
340:See also:
323:relations.
1946:Palestine
1911:Indonesia
1840:Argentina
1743:in France
1719:Diplomacy
1671:relations
1600:Australia
1368:Singapore
1348:Palestine
1276:Indonesia
1259:Hong Kong
1208:Venezuela
1118:Argentina
1052:Mauritius
945:relations
943:Bilateral
418:Marseille
336:Migration
110:romanized
2137:Politics
2002:Holy See
1941:Pakistan
1936:Malaysia
1833:Americas
1691:Americas
1610:Kiribati
1544:Portugal
1484:Holy See
1444:Bulgaria
1388:Thailand
1343:Pakistan
1323:Malaysia
1249:Cambodia
1178:Suriname
1143:Colombia
1123:Barbados
1111:Americas
1092:Tanzania
1007:Ethiopia
997:Djibouti
875:Archived
425:See also
188:Damascus
2161:Lebanon
2123:Portals
2093:Related
2017:Romania
1992:Germany
1886:Armenia
1870:Uruguay
1625:Vanuatu
1593:Oceania
1579:Ukraine
1549:Romania
1499:Ireland
1494:Iceland
1489:Hungary
1474:Germany
1469:Finland
1464:Denmark
1449:Croatia
1439:Belgium
1434:Austria
1429:Andorra
1424:Albania
1408:Vietnam
1328:Myanmar
1318:Lebanon
1266:Georgia
1229:Armenia
1203:Uruguay
1102:Tunisia
1082:Somalia
1077:Senegal
1057:Morocco
1027:Liberia
962:Algeria
631:Reuters
201:During
139:History
125:Lebanon
112::
62:Lebanon
2149:France
2036:Former
2022:Russia
2012:Kosovo
1997:Greece
1987:France
1982:Cyprus
1975:Europe
1961:Turkey
1931:Jordan
1926:Israel
1860:Mexico
1850:Canada
1845:Brazil
1808:Africa
1681:Africa
1634:Former
1569:Sweden
1559:Serbia
1554:Russia
1539:Poland
1534:Norway
1524:Monaco
1509:Kosovo
1479:Greece
1454:Cyprus
1417:Europe
1393:Turkey
1383:Taiwan
1298:Israel
1244:Brunei
1193:Texas
1168:Mexico
1133:Canada
1128:Brazil
1072:Rwanda
967:Angola
955:Africa
846:
407:Beirut
353:Israel
196:Beirut
170:, the
121:France
101:Arabic
93:French
51:France
2027:Spain
2007:Italy
1956:Syria
1906:India
1901:China
1855:Chile
1815:Libya
1747:Paris
1564:Spain
1504:Italy
1378:Syria
1358:Qatar
1333:Nepal
1303:Japan
1271:India
1254:China
1163:Haiti
1138:Chile
1067:Niger
1032:Libya
1022:Kenya
1012:Gabon
1002:Egypt
698:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
414:Paris
383:Trade
1921:Iraq
1916:Iran
1879:Asia
1686:Asia
1605:Fiji
1313:Laos
1286:Iraq
1281:Iran
1217:Asia
1173:Peru
1148:Cuba
1097:Togo
1042:Mali
982:Chad
844:ISBN
772:ISPI
610:2017
584:2017
375:and
344:and
269:and
249:and
123:and
577:CNN
2173::
2082:/
1741:/
770:.
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629:.
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548:^
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91:(
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