267:, a newspaper in Athens. Investigation by an ecclesiastical commission appointed by the Synod of the Kingdom, cleared the Hills of any anti-Greek actions, as were alleged by the paper. The editor then attacked the Synod, as well as the Archbishop of Argos, for support of the missionaries and its editor was prosecuted by the government. The strain of managing the mission and the subsequent allegations of wrongdoing caused Hill to suspend the school for girls for the remainder of the year, retiring to the countryside to regain her health. She was sent an official communique from the Secretary of State, of the government's satisfaction with her efforts to educate Greek girls and returned to the school in November with a class of 500 students. These students were the pupils of the kindergarten, elementary school for girls and the industrial training classes for girls. The boarding school, normal school, and boys' schools were not reopened.
247:, spelling, writing and mathematics. The girls were divided into three groups, the elementary school, a trade school to teach those students who would need to earn a living industrial skills and a teacher training school. Within eighteen months, Mrs. Robertson withdrew from active participation because of her growing family, leaving Hill, as the only teacher for girls at the facility. Hill's goal was to use local girls to serve as
31:
236:. Within two months enrollment at the school had increased to 167 pupils, ranging in age from three to eighteen years old. It was the only school in Greece offering education to women at that time and from the beginning, the girls' schools were under the direction of Hill, while her husband supervised the boys' education.
270:
In late 1843, the
Mission Board determined that they would suspend the mission in Athens, but an onslaught of support from organizations and individuals reversed their decision, allowing the girls' school to continue. Hill continued to manage the school until her husband retired from mission work in
279:
Hill died on August 5, 1884, in Athens, two years after her husband's death. They were both buried in the
Protestant Cemetery of Athens and marble monument to them was erected at the grave site by the City of Athens. Her niece, Bessie Masson, took over the administration of the Hill Memorial School
139:
in the United States to serve abroad. While her husband worked to establish their mission, Hill supervised the girls' educational facilities and ran the mission during his absences. After her retirement from the mission, she founded a teacher training academy and continued to administer the school
262:
In 1837, Hill founded a boarding school for paying students of wealthy Greek families. The students were housed in a wing of the mission house and had 70 enrollees. Continuing her supervision of all the female students, Hill also oversaw the boys' education during 1841, when her husband took an
259:, the only such facility in operation. Three assistant teachers, Elizabeth and Frederica Mulligan and Mary B. Baldwin had been sent by the Missionary Board and were assisting with teaching the school in 1836.
271:
1869. Rather than stop teaching, she then organized the Hill
Institute, a private normal school. She continued to assist Marian Muir, who had taken over operation of the mission schools.
239:
While the two husbands returned to Smyrna on missionary business, in
September, Hill and Mrs. Robertson remained in Athens and taught at the school. Robertson was in charge of teaching
263:
extended trip to the United States. During that time, she also maintained all the mission duties. In 1842, an attack against the mission and Rev. Hill was launched by an editor of
828:
913:
873:
181:
173:
893:
780:
204:
on
November 16. Robertson had been the minister who had originally proposed a foreign mission to the church. From Malta, they proceeded that same day to
156:. She was the eldest of nine children, three boys and six girls, in the family. Her father was a prominent attorney in New York City and her grandfather
903:
898:
888:
878:
255:, she found she had to train the teachers before she could employ them. By 1834, Hill had received the approval of the Greek government for the
228:, as Athens was in ruins due to the war. She began with twenty pupils, who studied in the basement of the house she and her husband occupied in
200:
On
October 1, 1830, the couple set sail along with Mr. Bingham, a printer and the Rev. John Jacob Robertson and his wife Julia. They arrived in
883:
908:
868:
716:
243:
to the girls, while Hill attended to their recitation and reading skills, using the Bible as their main text book. The girls also studied
135:
and established the first educational facilities for girls in Greece. She and her husband were the first foreign missionaries sent by the
625:(10). New York City, New York: The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.: 360–368
690:(8). New York City, New York: The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.: 285–288
189:
136:
738:. New York City, New York: The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.: 599–602
251:
to assist with instruction; however, as there were only two schools teaching girls in Greece, the other being on the island of
832:
767:. New York City, New York: Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. 1836.
185:
280:
which was still in operation in 2015 as the oldest continuously-operating school founded by missionaries in the country.
176:, Mulligan was trained as was typical for cultured and refined young women in the period. On April 26, 1821, she married
161:
804:
213:
132:
788:
188:. When he was ordained in 1830, the couple were posted to Greece, the first foreign mission undertaken by the
762:
639:
184:
and her husband was the superintendent of the Sunday school. In 1829, John retired from banking to enter the
233:
679:
614:
224:, their original destination. By July 18, they had found suitable accommodations for Hill to establish a
172:. Educated at home with her siblings in the family mansion on Cedar Street across the street from the
863:
858:
727:
225:
704:
169:
768:
712:
659:
651:
603:
165:
157:
752:
382:
380:
787:. New York City, New York: The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. 2015. Archived from
153:
711:. Vol. 1: A-F. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 191–193.
248:
177:
336:
334:
332:
212:, where they would remain until spring due to the ongoing conflict in Athens during the
811:. Athens, Greece: The Hellenic Archives of Scientific Instruments. 2010. Archived from
217:
852:
256:
149:
55:
127:(July 10, 1799—August 5, 1884) was an American missionary and educator who moved to
386:
608:. Vol. 2 (4 ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln.
30:
655:
772:
244:
663:
340:
812:
500:
413:
726:
Kimber, Joshua; Flichtner, George F., eds. (November–December 1884).
240:
221:
205:
128:
74:
707:. In James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (eds.).
220:. On May 26, 1831, the group left the island and made their way to
252:
229:
209:
201:
831:. Athens, Greece: GRReporter. 11 September 2015. Archived from
367:
365:
363:
361:
709:
Notable
American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary
764:
Annual report of the Board of
Missions for the fiscal year
754:
Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland
397:
395:
678:
Harris, N. Sayre; Cooke, James W., eds. (August 1843).
518:
516:
514:
512:
180:, a local banker. Hill was a Sunday school teacher at
307:
305:
303:
301:
299:
297:
148:
Frances Maria
Mulligan was born on July 10, 1799, in
829:"Tsipras Jr.'s first school day at a private school"
650:(10). Boston, Massachusetts: James B. Dow: 447–462.
387:
The
Hellenic Archives of Scientific Instruments 2010
757:. Edinburgh, Scotland: William and Robert Chambers.
114:
106:
98:
90:
82:
63:
37:
21:
118:establishing the first school for girls in Greece
341:The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society 2015
638:Hale, Sarah Josepha Buell, ed. (October 1834).
323:
160:was an Irish immigrant who had served in the
8:
452:
440:
428:
371:
352:
558:
546:
534:
582:
29:
18:
182:St. George's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)
152:, New York to Elizabeth (née Winter) and
728:"Report of the Foreign Committee—Greece"
680:"Report of the Foreign Committee—Athens"
615:"Report of the Foreign Committee—Athens"
602:Choules, John O.; Smith, Thomas (1837).
401:
293:
613:Dana, Daniel Jr., ed. (October 1844).
502:Annual report of the Board of Missions
415:Annual report of the Board of Missions
914:19th-century American women educators
7:
703:Hero, Angela Constantinides (1971).
570:
522:
488:
476:
464:
311:
605:The origin and history of missions
14:
894:Protestant missionaries in Greece
874:American women's rights activists
904:American people of Irish descent
16:American missionary and educator
899:19th-century American educators
805:"Σχολή Hill—Hill girls' School"
889:American expatriates in Greece
879:American Anglican missionaries
781:"Hill, Frances Maria Mulligan"
705:"Hill, Frances Maria Mulligan"
1:
884:Female Christian missionaries
751:Stephens, John Lloyd (1839).
186:Virginia Theological Seminary
909:Educators from New York City
869:Activists from New York City
164:. He was a familiar of both
324:Kimber & Flichtner 1884
930:
644:American Ladies' Magazine
133:Greek War of Independence
28:
453:Choules & Smith 1837
441:Choules & Smith 1837
429:Choules & Smith 1837
372:Choules & Smith 1837
353:Choules & Smith 1837
559:Harris & Cooke 1843
547:Harris & Cooke 1843
535:Harris & Cooke 1843
234:Ancient Agora of Athens
732:The Spirit of Missions
684:The Spirit of Missions
619:The Spirit of Missions
42:Frances Maria Mulligan
94:Frances Mulligan Hill
785:The Episcopal Church
208:making their way to
102:educator, missionary
573:, pp. 360–368.
355:, pp. 553–554.
835:on 17 October 2015
815:on 9 December 2016
791:on 3 February 2016
506:, pp. 81, 85.
170:Alexander Hamilton
718:978-0-674-62734-5
166:George Washington
162:Revolutionary War
158:Hercules Mulligan
140:until her death.
122:
121:
107:Years active
921:
844:
842:
840:
824:
822:
820:
800:
798:
796:
776:
758:
747:
745:
743:
722:
699:
697:
695:
674:
672:
670:
640:"The Experiment"
634:
632:
630:
609:
589:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
507:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
420:
411:
405:
399:
390:
384:
375:
369:
356:
350:
344:
338:
327:
321:
315:
309:
275:Death and legacy
226:school for girls
190:Episcopal Church
174:Old Dutch Church
154:John W. Mulligan
137:Episcopal Church
91:Other names
70:
51:
49:
33:
19:
929:
928:
924:
923:
922:
920:
919:
918:
849:
848:
847:
838:
836:
827:
818:
816:
803:
794:
792:
779:
761:
750:
741:
739:
725:
719:
702:
693:
691:
677:
668:
666:
637:
628:
626:
612:
601:
597:
592:
581:
577:
569:
565:
557:
553:
545:
541:
533:
529:
521:
510:
499:
495:
487:
483:
475:
471:
463:
459:
451:
447:
439:
435:
427:
423:
412:
408:
400:
393:
385:
378:
370:
359:
351:
347:
339:
330:
322:
318:
310:
295:
291:
286:
277:
198:
178:John Henry Hill
146:
125:Frances M. Hill
78:
72:
68:
59:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
24:
23:Frances M. Hill
17:
12:
11:
5:
927:
925:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
851:
850:
846:
845:
825:
801:
777:
759:
748:
723:
717:
700:
675:
635:
610:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:
575:
563:
561:, p. 288.
551:
549:, p. 287.
539:
537:, p. 286.
527:
525:, p. 192.
508:
493:
491:, p. 450.
481:
479:, p. 449.
469:
467:, p. 448.
457:
455:, p. 560.
445:
443:, p. 559.
433:
431:, p. 555.
421:
406:
391:
376:
374:, p. 554.
357:
345:
328:
326:, p. 600.
316:
314:, p. 191.
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
276:
273:
249:under-teachers
218:Ottoman Empire
214:Greek struggle
197:
194:
145:
142:
120:
119:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
73:
71:(aged 85)
67:August 5, 1884
65:
61:
60:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
926:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
834:
830:
826:
814:
810:
806:
802:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
760:
756:
755:
749:
737:
733:
729:
724:
720:
714:
710:
706:
701:
689:
685:
681:
676:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
624:
620:
616:
611:
607:
606:
600:
599:
594:
587:
585:
579:
576:
572:
567:
564:
560:
555:
552:
548:
543:
540:
536:
531:
528:
524:
519:
517:
515:
513:
509:
505:
503:
497:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
473:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
449:
446:
442:
437:
434:
430:
425:
422:
419:, p. 82.
418:
416:
410:
407:
404:, p. 18.
403:
402:Stephens 1839
398:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
294:
288:
283:
281:
274:
272:
268:
266:
260:
258:
257:normal school
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:needle skills
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:New York City
143:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:Occupation(s)
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
66:
62:
57:
56:New York City
52:July 10, 1799
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
837:. Retrieved
833:the original
817:. Retrieved
813:the original
808:
793:. Retrieved
789:the original
784:
763:
753:
740:. Retrieved
735:
731:
708:
692:. Retrieved
687:
683:
667:. Retrieved
647:
643:
627:. Retrieved
622:
618:
604:
595:Bibliography
583:
578:
566:
554:
542:
530:
501:
496:
484:
472:
460:
448:
436:
424:
414:
409:
348:
319:
278:
269:
264:
261:
238:
216:against the
199:
147:
124:
123:
69:(1884-08-05)
864:1884 deaths
859:1799 births
232:, near the
131:during the
83:Nationality
853:Categories
839:12 January
819:12 January
795:12 January
742:12 January
694:13 January
669:13 January
629:13 January
584:GRReporter
284:References
144:Early life
58:, New York
48:1799-07-10
656:2155-2525
571:Dana 1844
523:Hero 1971
489:Hale 1834
477:Hale 1834
465:Hale 1834
312:Hero 1971
289:Citations
245:geography
110:1831–1884
773:52498743
86:American
77:, Greece
664:6493745
265:The Age
771:
715:
662:
654:
222:Athens
206:Smyrna
196:Career
129:Greece
75:Athens
253:Syros
230:Plaka
210:Tenos
202:Malta
841:2017
821:2017
809:HASI
797:2017
769:OCLC
744:2017
713:ISBN
696:2017
671:2017
660:OCLC
652:ISSN
631:2017
586:2015
504:1836
417:1836
168:and
64:Died
38:Born
855::
807:.
783:.
736:49
734:.
730:.
686:.
682:.
658:.
646:.
642:.
621:.
617:.
511:^
394:^
379:^
360:^
331:^
296:^
192:.
843:.
823:.
799:.
775:.
746:.
721:.
698:.
688:8
673:.
648:7
633:.
623:9
588:.
389:.
343:.
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
