606:
594:
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Earl and Lady Sussex's relationship infuriated
Elizabeth. In response, Lady Sidney wrote the Queen a desperate letter detailing the external forces that broke the “love of twenty-eight years continuance” even after she followed her husband “in health and in sickness, in wealth and woe”. Later, Lady Sidney also thanked Lord Burleigh for testifying her case to Elizabeth. The Queen did not accept Lady Sidney's letter; in 1585, Lady Sidney wrote to Her Majesty once again offering to substantiate her assertion that she shared a loving marriage with the Earl of Sussex.
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374:, such as the Earl of Sussex, to rule over Ireland. They were absent so frequently, they failed to form in Irish Court at any stage in their tenure. The wives of the viceroys of Ireland throughout this period, including Frances, failed to make a meaningful connection between Ireland and England due to their frequent absence and difficulty assimilating.
358:. While this property was four kilometres outside of Dublin, it avoided the awful living conditions of Dublin and had been renovated at the price of £100 some years prior. It served the Lord Deputy Sussex well until Sir Henry Sidney later renovated Dublin Castle in order to return the seat of English Government to its traditional position in Ireland.
401:
unclear, it is understood that
Maguire presented Lady Sidney with two of his finest hawks, a symbolic gift often offered in Anglo-Irish diplomacy. Why he chose Lady Sidney as the recipient is unclear, nor is it clear how this impacted Lady Sidney's favour of Maguire when petitioning to her husband, but it is a symbolic gesture of solidarity.
340:
1171:
528:, a powerful and scholarly Protestant work, Rogers included a dedication to Lady Sidney's support of education. In her will dated 6 December 1588 Lady Sidney stated she wished to use the estate she had inherited from her husband “to erect some good and godly monument for the maintenance of good learning”.
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was the supervisor. Lady Sidney made arrangements to pay a perpetual annuity of £20 for the appointment of a biweekly lecturer at
Westminster Abbey for ever, £100 to be distributed amongst the “godly ministers” of London, and £5000 for the erection and foundation of a new college at the University of
400:
Upon arrival in
Ireland in 1556, the Earl of Sussex was met with a number of militant factions, including from the Scots. Notwithstanding, the Earl of Sussex developed a good relationship with Sean Maguire, Lord of Fermanagh, and would go on to form a strong alliance with him. While the specifics are
313:
Thus, it was essential he find a new suitor to produce an heir to his patronage, so much so that he expeditiously married
Frances three months after the death of his wife in January 1555. Eager to produce an heir, in 1556 Lady Sidney travelled to Ireland with her husband as he had just been appointed
409:
In 1557 Shane O’Neill, a Gaelic lord, asserted that his half-brother's claim to succeed the title of Earl of Tyrone was illegitimate. The Earl of Sussex repressed this claim, however, in 1559, upon the death of the incumbent Earl of Tyrone, O’Neill reasserted his claim. The Earl of Sussex protested
391:
The Earl of Sussex was widely reputable for his martial governance. The
Leicesters were firm critics of the Sussexes contemporaneously, and retrospectively, Brady criticises Lady Sidney's efforts. When Frances arrived in Ireland she was young and inexperienced. The frequent absence of the Earl and
474:
In the last year of the Earl and
Countess of Sussex's marriage, before his death, their relationship was frustrated by “malicious speeches and unconscionable extremities”; it is thought the Leicesters interfered with the ill Earl of Sussex to deprive Lady Sidney of his affection. The state of the
382:
Life was difficult for Lady Sidney in
Ireland, her lack of children impacted her status in the Irish public eye. The changing monarchs, from Edward IV to Mary to Elizabeth, meant there significant changes in religious practice over the years that were the cause of some controversy. This also made
366:
The Sussex's spent a great deal of time away from
Ireland, spending nearly 3 years of their 8-year tenure abroad. The Earl and Lady Sussex would often spend half the year in Ireland and the other half in England. The longest period of continuous stay in Ireland was towards the end of the Earl of
335:
A 24-year-old Lady Sidney accompanied the 30-year-old Lord
Fitzwalter to Ireland, arriving “upon the quay of Dublin on Whit Sunday” in 1556. Thomas Radclyffe, Lord Fitzwalter, served as the Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1556 to 1560, earning the title of 3rd Earl of Sussex in 1557 (thus stylising
410:
against the intent of Queen Elizabeth I to grant O’Neill the Earldom and instead militated against him. After much conflict, O’Neill was victorious and recognised as the Earl of Tyrone. O’Neill then wrote to Elizabeth and requested to marry the Earl of Sussex's sister, Lady Frances Radclyffe.
568:
Although the will was contested by relatives of Lady Sidney, all were unsuccessful and the college was founded in 1596, seven years after the reading of the will and after the personal intervention of Elizabeth, despite her dislike for Lady Sidney immediately prior to her death.
491:, adopting the motto “Dieu me garde de calomnie” (middle French for “God preserve me from calumny”). Her prudent management of the late Earl of Sussex's manors mean she became reputably wealthy in this time. In this period, Lady Sidney continued to be persecuted as the MP
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The Earl of Sussex died on 9 June 1583. On his death, his will is said to have been “equitable, chilling, and legalistic” and he bequeathed Frances “all his jewels, valued at £3,169; 4,000 ounces of gilt plate; and the income from manors in Essex and estates in Norfolk”.
282:
The Sidneys became wealthy in the mid-fifteenth century as landowners in the Sussex-Surrey region. Frances' father, Sir William Sidney, lived between 1482 and 1554 and was a Courtier to Henry VII and Henry VIII. Consequently, the Sidneys were well known by the Royals.
457:. In 1571 however, Frances fell into favour of Queen Elizabeth as her sister in law, Mary, was a chambermaid. Elizabeth visited the Earl and Countess of Sussex at their home in Bermondsey on two occasions in 1571. In this year both Mary and Frances contracted
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encountered considerable fiscal strain when establishing the college, in the event the funds were insufficient for the foundation of a college, Lady Sidney had also allowed the funds to go to the improvement of the existing
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354:, however, it was immediately determined to be unsuitable. Alternatively, and following in the example of Lord Deputy Anthony St Leger before them, Lord Fitzwalter and Lady Sidney occupied the priory of
1117:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 23 April 2020, from https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-25520#odnb-9780198614128-e-25520.
469:‘I am now passing into another world, and must leave you to your fortunes and the Queen's graces; but beware of the ‘Gypsy’; for he will be hard for you all. You know not the beast as well as I do’
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Westminster Abbey. 2020. Frances Sidney, Countess Of Sussex. Available at: <https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/frances-sidney-countess-of-sussex> .
461:, an infection that disfigured Mary significantly, although the Queen and Frances recovered well. In 1578 Lady Sussex received her first appointments as a lady of the chamber of the queen.
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The Earl of Sussex and the Earl of Leicester were said to be rivals for the favour of Elizabeth. Lady Sidney's brother, Sir Henry Sidney, married Mary Dudley, the eldest daughter of the
1069:
Ciaran Brady, “Political Women and Reform in Tudor Ireland,” in Women in Early Modern Ireland, ed. Margaret MacCurtain and Mary O’Dowd (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), 82.
318:. This union, however, was also childless. Lady Sussex was therefore motivated to devote her estate towards her passion for education and the development a new eponymous college at the
1099:
John Hooker, “The Supplie of this Irish Chronicle, Continued from the Death of King Henry VIII, 1546, until this Present Yeare 1586,” in Holinshed, R., & Harrison, W. (1965).
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Cambridge. The college would be founded as “Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College” with enough money sparing for the maintenance of one master, ten fellows, and twenty scholars.
718:
Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p. 336, Viscount de L'Isle.
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appears on her 24 foot high marble and alabaster funerary monument in the chapel of St Paul, Westminster Abbey. In this monument, suspected to have been designed by
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Lady of Sussex significantly impacted their ability to cultivate the relationships fostered with Maguire and O’Neill, two significant powers in Ireland at the time.
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Sussex's tenure as Lord Lieutenant, where they spent twenty-two consecutive months in Ireland. Frances remained by the Earl of Sussex's side for much of this time.
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and Anne Pagenham. She was their fourth and youngest daughter and thus had a number of siblings including Mary Margaret Sidney, Lucy Sidney, Anne Sidney, and
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By this point, Fitzwalter was in favour with the King as he had been summoned to sit in the House of Lords and had been appointed a member of King Felipe's
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930:"Inventory of Monuments of Westminster Abbey: The Church Pages 17-76 An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in London, Volume 1, Westminster Abbey"
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daily life difficult for Lady Sidney as the wives of the viceroys of Ireland were expected to be pious examples of faith.
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When they arrived they were expected to be accommodated in the thirteenth century, vice-regal residence that was
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1075:. Sid.cam.ac.uk. (2020). Retrieved 27 May 2020, from https://www.sid.cam.ac.uk/about-sidney/college-history.
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626:, the college which would have received Lady Sidney's inheritance but for the persistence of her executors.
565:. Were the latter the case, the college were to be renamed “Clare and Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College”.
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has been described as “ruinous, foule, filthie, and greatlie decaied” at the time of their arrival in 1556.
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Frances Sidney as Lady Sidney, Countess of Sussex), and later as Lord Lieutenant from 1560 to 1564.
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Lady Sidney had maintained passion for education throughout her time in the Court of Elizabeth. In
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In her will, Lady Sussex left the sum of £5,000 together with some plate to found a new college at
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Lady Sidney died in her Bermondsey home on 9 March 1589. She was buried in the Chapel of St Paul,
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Following her husband's death, Lady Sidney became very bitter and increasingly supportive of
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The Countess of Sussex c. 1570-75, this painting hangs in the hall of Sidney Sussex College
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Bird's eye view of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge by David Loggan, published 1690
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On his deathbed, the Earl of Sussex warned Lady Sidney of the Earl of Leicester:
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1065:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 164–165.
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1141:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 23 April 2020, from
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and a mascot of the college is a blue and gold porcupine, taken from a
1045:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
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There is no reference of Frances fulfilling any role in the Courts of
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445:). Also the arms of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, founded by her
1115:
Sidney, Sir Henry (1529–1586), lord deputy of Ireland and courtier
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Arms of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex, namely Radclyffe (
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Sidney, F. Received by Queen Elizabeth I, 18 September 1583.
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O’Neill, S. Received by Queen Elizabeth I, 18 November 1563.
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Their absence was due to the complete reluctance of English
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Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage
809:
Hooker, 1586 cited in Holinshed and Harrison, 1965, p. 403
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A Biographical Encyclopedia Of Early Modern Englishwomen
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and sculpted by Richard Stevens, she is depicted in the
1101:
Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
868:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 137.
866:
Leicester and the Court: Essays on Elizabethan Politics
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a porcupine (statant) azure quills collar and chain or
248:, founded the college seven years after her death.
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Founders of colleges of the University of Cambridge
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1106:Levin, C., Bertolet, A., & Carney, J. (2016).
1087:Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England
1056:"Sussex, Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of"
532:, was the chief executor of her will and the
267:Frances Sidney was born in or around 1531 at
8:
911:"Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey"
190:, a prominent courtier during the reign of
1152:(1st ed., ch. 16). Hurst, Robinson and Co.
544:Heraldic emblem of Sidney Sussex College,
209:In 1555, she married (as his second wife)
59:
43:
1120:MacCurtain, M., & O'Dowd, M. (1992).
1094:The Sidney Women in Ireland, c. 1556-1594
1122:Women in Early Modern Ireland, 1500-1800
1139:Radcliffe , Frances, countess of Sussex
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32:Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex
1131:(1st ed.). Kelly's Directories Ltd.
1110:(1st ed., p. 212). Routledge.
818:MacCurtain and O’Dowd, 1981, p. 82
230:Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College
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1024:Calendar of the Carew manuscripts
405:Diplomatic relations with O'Neill
396:Diplomatic relations with Maguire
326:English administration in Ireland
293:Thomas Radclyffe, Lord Fitzwalter
221:in 1557. They left no children.
1238:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
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1082:(1st ed.). F.E. Robinson and co.
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526:The Faith of the Church Militant
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506:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
253:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
176:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
84:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
38:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
1019:(1st ed.). Dundalgan Press Ltd.
303:, participated in the jousts.
27:16th-century English noblewoman
439:Argent, a bend engrailed sable
204:first Sidney Earl of Leicester
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1218:16th-century English nobility
534:Lord Archbishop of Canterbury
709:Montague-Smith, 1970, p. 336
530:Henry Gray, the Earl of Kent
443:Or, a pheon point down azure
242:Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent
198:, and aunt to both the poet
1127:Montague-Smith, P. (1970).
652:Chisholm, 1911, pp. 164–165
244:, supervised by Archbishop
130:Priory, Ireland; Bermondsey
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1208:16th-century English women
1096:. Sidney Journal, 29(1-2).
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178:. She was the daughter of
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1124:(1st ed.). Edinburgh U.P.
1103:(6th ed.). Ams Press Inc.
166:Sidney; 1531–1589) was a
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624:Clare College, Cambridge
563:Clare College, Cambridge
1113:MacCaffrey, W. (2008).
1062:Encyclopædia Britannica
1042:Encyclopædia Britannica
963:Westminster Abbey, 2020
797:Brewer and Bullen, 1868
697:"College History", 2020
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934:British History Online
788:Holland, 2011, pp. 1-2
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990:Edwards, 1899, p. 15.
902:Edwards, 1899, p. 11.
864:Adams, Simon (2002).
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1078:Edwards, G. (1899).
1002:Edwards, 1899, p. 12
981:Edwards, 1899, p. 14
881:Edwards, 1899, p. 9.
827:Scott, 1821, ch. 16.
599:Chapel Court in 2010
552:of the Sidney family
414:Court of Elizabeth I
226:Cambridge University
213:, who was appointed
1092:Holland, K., 2011.
854:Edwards, 1899, p. 8
836:Brady, 1996, p. 50.
558:Sir John Harrington
441:) impaling Sidney (
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174:and the founder of
48:Lady Frances Sidney
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1148:Scott, W. (1821).
1137:Prior, M. (2004).
1085:Hearn, K. (1995).
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742:Prior, 2004
493:Arthur Hall
301:King Felipe
297:jure uxoris
271:in Kent to
116:Nationality
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1089:. Rizzoli.
1026:. Longman.
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356:Kilmainham
263:Early life
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110:Bermondsey
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451:Edward VI
387:Diplomacy
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119:English
919:; 1882
681:et al.
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455:Mary 1
426:, 1st
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