257:
Holland. During this phase of the SCAA's existence, it propagated trees for use along Santa
Barbara's city streets, some of which can still be seen. The partnership ended badly after just two years, in a lawsuit between the partners from which Riedel walked away with both the SCAA and its prime location in downtown Santa Barbara. Today the SCAA is recognized as the first nursery to "scientifically evaluate new plants for California's climatic conditions". The SCAA's 1900 general catalog runs to over 100 pages of trees (especially palms, cycads, and bamboo), shrubs, and flowers. There are special sections on fruit-bearing plants, California natives, trees for street planting, and drought-resistant plants.
322:
209:
42:
336:
By 1909, partly as a result of the SCAA lawsuit, Franceschi was in financial difficulties. After the city of Santa
Barbara failed to take up his proposal to turn Montarioso into a city-sponsored arboretum, he began selling off parts of the property. Not long afterwards, after two decades in southern
228:
jointly founded the
Southern California Acclimatizing Association in 1893 to introduce new species from around the world to California. It was initially headquartered at Eaton's Montecito estate of Riso Rivo, which became a botanical nursery for their experiments in plant propagation. Eaton planted
361:
estate was bought by a wealthy
American philanthropist, Alden Freeman, who greatly admired Franceschi's work. Through his efforts, the property was enlarged and the house remodeled in a Mediterranean style. In 1931, Freeman donated them to the city of Santa Barbara. The grounds are now open to the
256:
The partnership with Eaton ended in 1895 when
Franceschi moved the SCAA to Santa Barbara from Riso Rivo, where he ran it as a combination experiment station and commercial nursery. He incorporated the SCAA in 1907 as a partnership with a local nurseryman named Peter Riedel who had immigrated from
760:
Note: According to Judith M. Taylor, "Butterfield basically established the field of
California horticultural history by himself, writing a long series of articles in the horticultural literature over many years. He did not publish any books. Butterfield spent his entire professional life at the
264:
style redwood house on it. It was one of the earliest houses built in what is now known as Santa
Barbara's Riviera. Franceschi turned about 10 acres of the land—which at 800 feet above sea level was in an almost entirely frost-free zone—into a scientifically organized nursery and botanic garden.
269:, and the grounds of Montarioso included many species of cactus, aloe, agave, acacia, and—most spectacularly—a palm tree "amphitheater" embracing about a hundred different species that he had grown from seed. He experimented with the low-growing ornamental
353:
of native plants, and a reorganization of the library at the School of
Agriculture. His plant introductions in Libya include eucalyptus (which his nursery supplied for planting along Libya's railroad lines), avocado, Natal plum, and bamboo.
167:. Although he manifested an early interest in botany and gardening – especially tropical species – he initially acceded to his grandfather's desire that he go into the Banca Fenzi. He pursued his horticultural interests at the Villa
276:
Ultimately, through
Franceschi's (and the SCAA's) efforts, some 200 new plant species were introduced to California. Two years before he died, Franceschi was awarded the Frank N. Meyer Memorial Medal by the
349:—and work on introducing new plant species suitable for the north African climate. In Libya, he started a nursery and a number of related projects: a collection of date species from around Tripoli, a
1213:
249:, candlenut, and many species of citrus and palms. Many kinds of seeds were also grown on the estate in their attempt to determine which were suitable for southern California's
200:
that began around 1880, Fenzi emigrated with his wife and three of their children to
America. For his new life in the United States, he took a new name: Francesco Franceschi.
155:(1817–1850) and Countess Emilia della Gherardesca (1801–1850), the former being a member of the wealthy Fenzi family involved in banking and railroads. He was the grandson of
190:
In 1870, Emanuele Orazio Fenzi married his first cousin, Cristina (1851–1927), one of six born to the marriage of Cavalier Sebastiano Fenzi (1822–1901) and Emily Verity (
1576:
1122:
366:, while funds are being sought to convert Franceschi House (which suffered decades of deferred maintenance and general neglect) to a horticultural center.
337:
California, Franceschi moved back to Italy with his wife and took up his birth surname of Fenzi again. In 1912, the Italian government hired him to go to
139:
who spent part of his later career in the United States, where his efforts contributed to the introduction of new plant species in southern California.
127:
19:
This article is about the California horticulturist whose Italian surname was Fenzi. For the 15th century printer from the Italian Renaissance, see
163:
by his grandparents following the early death of his parents. In 1864, Fenzi, earned a Doctor of Political Science and Administration degree from
878:
183:, palms, and bamboo, and he is credited with introducing such species as bamboo and eucalyptus into Italy. In 1878, he introduced the first
1127:
762:
260:
In 1903, Franceschi's wife bought 40 acres of land on Mission Ridge Road in Santa Barbara. They named the property Montarioso and built an
1430:
446:
1566:
1551:
196:; 1827–1869). In 1891, following an economic crisis in Italy that decimated the family's Bank and wealth, and as a part of a major
1354:
American Breeders Association: Report of the Meeting Held at Omaha, Neb., December 8, 9, and 10 1909, and for the Year Ending 1909
708:
692:
853:
826:
741:
1361:
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176:
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179:, serving first as its secretary and then as its president. Over the course of his life, he developed into an expert on
168:
1140:
798:
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916:
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1218:
1094:
887:
455:(1880–1963), Canadian botanist and horticulturist known for her work in the Southwestern United States and Mexico
440:
358:
329:
221:
47:
1350:"Behavior of Alien Plants at Santa Barbara, With Special Regard to Their Naturalization and Phenological Phases"
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1349:
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1190:
924:
225:
381:
1038:
979:
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908:
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250:
943:
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1084:
1006:
935:
393:
346:
342:
282:
20:
1460:"Dr. Fenzi's Contributions to American Horticulture – The Work of a Pioneer Plantsman in California"
1464:
1288:
1148:
1042:
998:
873:
405:
296:, also known as Mexican blue palm, though a few experts hold it to be a locally adapted variety of
1529:
1481:
1204:
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261:
171:
where he developed a botanical garden. He was a founding member of the Italian Botanical Society
164:
983:
928:
208:
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1253:
Dr. F. Franceschi: Pioneer Plantsman – A Record of His Distinguished Career in Santa Barbara
990:
387:
375:
197:
41:
1319:
Franceschi, Francesco (December 1908). "Fifteen Years' Experience in Southern California".
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436:
411:
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363:
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73:
24:
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124:(March 2, 1843 – November 27, 1924) – known in Italy by his title and birth name of
1504:
1422:
1382:
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417:
234:
1088:
1370:
744:, Landscape Horticulture Department. pp. 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 24, 25, 27
266:
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an enormous variety of both native and non-native trees at Riso Rivo, including
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in 1888, and he was a member of the Royal Tuscan Society of Horticulture
1533:
1174:
1028:
443:, major portion founded June 1931; small additions 1962, 1964, and 1976
242:
1392:"New and Little Known Trees Suitable for Southern California Avenues"
883:
292:), which was named for him. It is currently considered a synonym for
288:
Franceschi was the first scientist to describe the Franceschi palm (
799:"The Life of Dr Francesco Franceschi and His Park [Part I]"
1291:: California Garden and Landscape History Society. pp. 5–13.
1200:
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767:
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305:
During the American years, Franceschi was also a contributor to
493:
147:
Cavalier. Emanuele Orazio Fenzi was born on March 12, 1843, in
1045:[Meeting of January 10, 1925; Eulogy for E.O. Fenzi].
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
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477:
475:
473:
370:
Partial list of Franceschi's plant introductions to California
827:"The Life of Dr Francesco Franceschi and His Park – Part II"
281:
in recognition of his contributions to his adopted country.
693:"The Way It Was – Franceschi and Eaton Landscape Montecito"
357:
Fenzi died in Libya in 1924. After his death, part of his
1278:"A History of Franceschi Park, Santa Barbara, California"
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
309:
and published a comprehensive account of local gardens (
738:
Dates of Introduction of Trees and Shrubs to California
1447:"Guide to the Francesco Franceschi Papers, 1904–1918".
904:
Re: "Southern California Acclimatizing Association".
220:
After two years in Los Angeles, Franceschi moved to
1214:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP)"
600:
109:
98:
80:
55:
32:
579:
1097:: Southern California Acclimatizing Association.
564:
369:
1437:, History of Science and Technology Collection.
1090:General Catalogue and Garden Guide for the South
874:"Appendix 3: New Garden Plants of the Year 1909"
497:
540:
1263:: Santa Barbara County Horticultural Society.
1131:(in Italian). Vol. 46. pp. 152–154.
302:due to its similar morphology and coloration.
717:The Palm Society, Northern California Chapter
8:
307:Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Horticulture
1192:Verity Family of Bridgend Papers, 1675–1968
765:in the agricultural extension department. (
674:
636:
1047:Bullettino della SocietĂ Botanica Italiana
660:
552:
528:
285:(1875–1918) is the namesake of the award.
224:. There, he and local landscape architect
46:Dr. Franceschi at his botanical garden in
29:
1396:Pomona College Journal of Economic Botany
1369:
1348:Franceschi, Francesco (January 1, 1911).
736:Butterfield, Harry Morton (August 1964).
23:. For others with the Fenzi surname, see
1429:Francesco Franceschi papers, 1904–1918.
1244:General references (not linked to notes)
1151:(January 1943). "Francesco Franceschi".
273:as an alternative to traditional lawns.
1390:Franceschi, Francesco (December 1911).
624:
469:
449:(under the name: Emanuele Orazio Fenzi)
1577:Italian emigrants to the United States
1323:. Vol. 2, no. 1. p. 9.
1478:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102208
1123:"Fenzi, Emanuele Orazio (Emanuelino)"
879:Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information
612:
7:
1128:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
763:University of California at Berkeley
265:Franceschi was an early advocate of
1333:Continued in the following issues:
1450:Online Archive of California (OAC)
1431:University of California, Berkeley
691:Beresford, Hattie (May 31, 2007).
447:Category:University of Pisa alumni
14:
1512:"Notizie degli Archivi Toscani".
1276:Chamberlin, Susan (Spring 2002).
684:References to linked inline notes
212:Bust of Francesco Franceschi in
40:
825:Chamberlin, Susan (July 2002).
797:Chamberlin, Susan (July 2002).
1043:"Adunanza del 10 Gennaio 1925"
742:University of California Davis
1:
1362:American Breeders Association
1077:Biodiversity Heritage Library
135:– was an Italian banker and
1339:Vol. 2, no. 3. February 1909
833:. Vol. 63, no. 4.
805:. Vol. 63, no. 3.
649:"New Garden Plants ..." 1910
279:American Genetic Association
1336:Vol. 2, no. 2. January 1909
1287:. Vol. 5, no. 1.
768:"Judith Taylor's Biography"
1593:
917:Cephalostachyum pergracile
740:(typewritten manuscript).
311:Santa Barbara Exotic Flora
18:
1514:Archivio Storico Italiano
1371:10.1093/jhered/os-6.1.446
1342:Vol. 2, no. 4. March 1909
1261:Santa Barbara, California
1219:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
1209:Document reference: DXcb.
1121:Tomassoli, Laura (1996).
1095:Santa Barbara, California
1055:SocietĂ Botanica Italiana
888:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
169:Sant'Andrea in Percussina
48:Santa Barbara, California
39:
16:California horticulturist
1567:Scientists from Florence
1552:American horticulturists
1022:Xanthosoma nuevoleonense
856:. Parks and Recreation.
601:Chamberlin, October 2002
925:Chamaedorea bambusoides
580:Beresford, May 31, 2007
226:Charles Frederick Eaton
159:, and he was raised at
1520:(2/3): 320–682. 1956.
1251:Beittel, Will (1984).
703:on September 14, 2015.
333:
317:Later years and legacy
217:
1087:, ed. (Easter 1900).
1085:Franceschi, Francesco
1015:Stereospermum sinicum
909:Bolusanthus speciosus
858:City of Santa Barbara
719:. n.d. Archived from
565:Verity Family Records
498:Chamberlin, July 2002
453:Margaret Bell Douglas
324:
251:Mediterranean climate
211:
133:Emanuele Orazio Fenzi
60:Emanuele Orazio Fenzi
1364:. pp. 446–454.
1149:Tucker, John Maurice
1007:Pritchardia Wrightii
936:Cocos Arechavaletana
831:Pacific Horticulture
803:Pacific Horticulture
541:Tucker, January 1943
347:Italian North Africa
343:Italian Tripolitania
341:—then the colony of
283:Frank Nicholas Meyer
122:Francesco Franceschi
34:Francesco Franceschi
21:Francesco Franceschi
1465:Journal of Heredity
1289:Newhall, California
999:Oreodoxa borinquena
980:Herbertia platensis
1321:The Pacific Garden
1205:Glamorgan Archives
961:Erythea Brandegeei
334:
262:American Craftsman
218:
165:University of Pisa
1572:Italian gardeners
1029:Xylosma Salzmanni
986:. pp. 68–69.
854:"Franceschi Park"
697:Montecito Journal
424:Japanese wisteria
382:Blue trumpet vine
247:Abyssinian banana
185:threshing machine
119:
118:
1584:
1537:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1435:Bancroft Library
1426:
1420:
1418:
1386:
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1358:Washington, D.C.
1356:. Vol. VI.
1332:
1315:
1313:
1311:
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1208:
1186:
1144:
1139:. Archived from
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1111:
1109:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1039:Passerini, Conte
991:Livistona mariae
944:Cocos campestris
903:
897:
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845:
821:
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817:
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704:
699:. Archived from
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583:
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388:Brazilian pepper
204:California years
198:Italian diaspora
195:
87:
84:November 7, 1924
69:
67:
44:
30:
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1456:Popenoe, Wilson
1454:
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1093:. Vol. 6.
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972:Erythea elegans
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675:Franceschi Park
673:
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637:World Checklist
635:
631:
623:
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553:Passerini, 1925
551:
547:
539:
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529:Tomassoli, 1996
527:
504:
496:
471:
467:
462:
437:Franceschi Park
433:
412:Pineapple guava
400:Floss silk tree
372:
364:Franceschi Park
326:Franceschi Park
319:
299:Brahea aculeata
216:, Santa Barbara
214:Franceschi Park
206:
191:
149:Florence, Italy
145:
94:
89:
85:
76:
74:Florence, Italy
71:
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51:
35:
28:
25:Fenzi (surname)
17:
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1544:
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1516:(in Italian).
1509:
1472:(5): 215–220.
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1404:Pomona College
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1143:on 2021-09-30.
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1049:(in Italian).
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290:Brahea elegans
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157:Emanuele Fenzi
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137:horticulturist
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114:Horticulturist
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1032:. p. 85.
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1024:. p. 84.
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1018:. p. 83.
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1010:. p. 78.
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1002:. p. 75.
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994:. p. 71.
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975:. p. 67.
974:
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967:. p. 67.
966:
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956:. p. 64.
955:
954:Cocos pulposa
952:
950:. p. 64.
949:
946:
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941:
939:. p. 64.
938:
937:
933:
931:. p. 63.
930:
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920:. p. 62.
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912:. p. 60.
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1505:Google Books
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1423:Google Books
1421:– via
1415:. Retrieved
1399:
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1383:Google Books
1381:– via
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1284:
1252:
1231:. Retrieved
1217:
1191:
1161:(1): 18–27.
1158:
1152:
1141:the original
1126:
1114:Google Books
1112:– via
1108:February 27,
1106:. Retrieved
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772:Horthistoria
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721:the original
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1562:1924 deaths
1557:1843 births
1406:: 201–208.
625:Butterfield
267:xeriscaping
99:Nationality
1546:Categories
1412:1049899800
1233:August 10,
1228:1012534232
1183:5556999753
1137:5894357533
900:HathiTrust
864:August 10,
844:August 10,
816:August 10,
754:HathiTrust
727:August 10,
613:SCAA, 1900
406:Natal plum
362:public as
187:to Italy.
181:succulents
151:to Orazio
143:Early life
110:Occupation
66:1843-03-02
1526:2036-4660
1494:1465-7333
1486:0022-1503
1443:122291041
1305:724267112
1297:1524-8062
1257:monograph
1167:0024-9637
1103:228663499
1066:944482789
839:0163-7843
811:0163-7843
780:920444163
418:Tipu tree
351:herbarium
313:, 1895).
271:frogfruit
1534:26248511
1499:March 2,
1417:March 1,
1377:March 2,
1310:March 2,
1269:15640638
1222:. 2009.
1197:Leckwith
1175:41422470
1071:March 2,
1051:Florence
1041:(1925).
894:March 1,
431:See also
239:cinnamon
231:live oak
128:Cavalier
104:American
102:Italian-
1329:9842079
1154:Madroño
345:within
243:avocado
235:camphor
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884:London
837:
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426:, 1908
420:, 1897
414:, 1905
408:, 1908
402:, 1897
396:, 1908
390:, 1897
384:, 1908
378:, 1908
193:maiden
50:, 1912
1530:JSTOR
1482:eISSN
1402:(4).
1281:(PDF)
1201:Wales
1171:JSTOR
1060:: 5.
860:. n.d
465:Notes
339:Libya
153:Fenzi
1522:ISSN
1501:2021
1490:ISSN
1439:OCLC
1419:2021
1408:OCLC
1379:2021
1325:OCLC
1312:2021
1301:OCLC
1293:ISSN
1285:Eden
1265:OCLC
1235:2015
1224:OCLC
1179:OCLC
1163:ISSN
1133:OCLC
1110:2021
1099:OCLC
1073:2021
1062:OCLC
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984:(sv)
965:(es)
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835:ISSN
818:2015
807:ISSN
787:2021
776:OCLC
750:2021
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