666:"My sister in law ran out into the hallway and as she emerged she saw Captain Cromie running down the steps two at a time, straight towards her. Behind him at the top of the stairs, stood a man firing at the Captain. Several bullets whizzed by her head and crashed through the glass of the entrance doors behind her. Her horror seemed to root her to the spot and suddenly, just as Captain Cromie reached the last stair, he pitched forward as if he had stumbled, staggered a little and then crashed down backwards with his head on the bottom step. My sister in law ran to him and lifted his head. He was moving his eyelids and she felt something warm trickling down the fingers of her right hand with which she was holding up his head from underneath. Suddenly a terrific blow made her drop Captain Cromie's head and sent her spinning against the right hand wall. The man who had struck her grabbed her and ran her up the stairs hitting her violently from time to time and finally pushing her into the Chancery room where she found all of the members of the Embassy and the Consulate standing with hands raised above their heads. After being searched for arms, the Embassy staff were forced to hand over their papers and then marched downstairs and on to the street."
33:
607:, naval attaché Captain Cromie, received a fatal gunshot or gunshots, and eventually died where he fell, on the grand embassy staircase. Cheka scouts continued searching the embassy building, and with their rifle butts repelled embassy staff from getting close to the corpse of Captain Cromie, which the Cheka's had looted and trampled. The police then entered the British embassy, and 40 embassy persons were arrested, mostly British subjects, including Prince Schaschowsky. It was alleged that weapons and compromising documents were found on the embassy premises.
121:
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with the
British Chaplain, Mr. Lombard, and he had stepped out of the room to return in a short moment. Some Cheka scouts were now also proceeding up onto the embassy first floor, panic and protests broke out, and they were met with gunfire, one Cheka scout was killed and another wounded. According to the Cheka scouts report of events and a dispatch received from Moscow quoting Russia's political newspaper
527:
594:"scouts", the Bolsheviks secret police, went to the British embassy in Petrograd. On entering the building, shouting in Russian and crashing doors, which echoed up from the embassy ground floor where staff were working, Captain Cromie glanced out from his office first floor window, saw trucks and over on the
633:
The embassy attack and killing of naval attaché Captain Cromie was reported with intense indignation by the
British news media. The British media channeled outrage at the Bolsheviks "lawlessness" acts committed against British subjects and the murder of Captain Cromie, prompting reprisals. In London,
598:
patrol boats facing the embassy building with weapons trained. Clearly expecting trouble, he pulled out his revolver, and leaving a meeting with three operatives in his office, had gone out into the first floor hallway passage. Other accounts and sources, however, reveal
Captain Cromie was having tea
1423:
United
Kingdom Marriage Registry No.: 2b 867, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, March 1907; between Francis Newton Allen Cromie and Gladys (Gwladys) Catherine Josephine Cromie. Gladys Catherine Josephine Cromie was born September 1883 in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire (United Kingdom Birth Registry No.:
953:
The V.C. AND D.S.O.; A complete record of all those officers, non-commissioned officers and men of His
Majesty's naval, military and air forces who have been awarded these decorations from the time of their institution, with descriptions of the deeds and services which won the distinctions and with
788:
The V.C. AND D.S.O.; A complete record of all those officers, non-commissioned officers and men of His
Majesty's naval, military and air forces who have been awarded these decorations from the time of their institution, with descriptions of the deeds and services which won the distinctions and with
613:
advices declared; attaché Captain Cromie opposed the
Bolshevik troops and killed three soldiers with his own hands. Captain Cromie was killed and his corpse mutilated. Documents at the embassy were destroyed. It was feared similar outrages would be committed against the French embassy in Petrograd
586:
agents, were being aided and hiding in the
British embassy. Other accounts and sources, however, reveal that meetings with other Russian members of the counter-revolution were at that time taking place, namely with the former imperial Tsarist officers Lieutenant Sabir and Colonel Steckelmann.
695:(CB) "in recognition of his distinguished service in the Allied cause in Russia, and of the devotion to duty which he displayed in remaining at his post as British Naval Attaché in Russia, when the British Embassy was withdrawn. This devotion to duty cost him his life." King
1433:
United
Kingdom Birth Registry No.: 2b 580, Fareham, Hampshire, England, June 1907; Dolores Anthea Cromie. Their daughter, Dolores Anthea Cromie, married Thomas W. W. Miller, March 1936, in Westbury, Gloucestershire (United Kingdom Marriage Registry No.: 6a
476:, where for a week long moment he had succeeded in entirely suspending German maritime traffic in the area. During his service in the Baltic, he torpedoed a German destroyer and on 7 November 1915 sank the German cruiser
281:(30 January 1882 – 31 August 1918, Petrograd) was a distinguished British Royal Navy officer, military diplomat, and the de facto chief of British Intelligence operations in northern Russia for the British
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954:
many biographical and other details, compiled from official publications and despatches, letters from commanding officers and other contemporary accounts, and from information from private sources
789:
many biographical and other details, compiled from official publications and despatches, letters from commanding officers and other contemporary accounts, and from information from private sources
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546:, earned him much respect from the extremists for his fairness. In April 1918, after the Germans had secured control over the Baltic coast, he was responsible for the evacuation and
32:
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Spouse remarriage - United
Kingdom Marriage Registry No.: 1a 1381, St. Martin, June 1920; between Thomas E Blunt and Gladys (Gwladys) Catherine Josephine Cromie.
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border unmolested." Following events, the British embassy was subsequently shut down, and the embassy staff were withdrawn from service in Petrograd.
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Together with his knowledge of the Russian language and prevailing conditions, on 19 October 1917 he was promoted Acting Captain and appointed as
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1019:"KERENSKY'S KIN ARRESTED BY REDS; 40 BRITISH TAKEN. Intense Indignation in London Over Killing of Capt. Cromie—Threats of Reprisals"
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KERENSKY'S KIN ARRESTED BY REDS; 40 BRITISH TAKEN. Intense Indignation in London Over Killing of Capt. Cromie—Threats of Reprisals.
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Operation Kronstadt: The True Story of Honour, Espionage, and the Rescue of Britain's Greatest Spy The Man with a Hundred Faces
863:
Operation Kronstadt: The True Story of Honour, Espionage, and the Rescue of Britain's Greatest Spy The Man with a Hundred Faces
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and that precautionary measures had been taken including the arrival of French soldiers, the Foreign Office said.
574:-government commissioner M. Hillier had been instructed to investigate this report. It had been supposed that the
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646:"until all British representatives in Bolshevik Russia had been set at liberty and allowed to proceed to the
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in Finland, officially reported the murder of Captain Cromie and attack on the British embassy to the
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A firsthand recount, published in 1934 by Mary Britnieva, a Red Cross nurse who had served on the
317:(Saint Petersburg), Russia, where he met his death, while defending the British embassy premises.
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Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Casualty details, Captain Francis Newton Allen Cromie
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Francis Cromie married Gladys (Gwladys) Catherine Josephine (née Cromie) March 1907, in
430:, he tried to save a sailor who was swept overboard. From 1911 to 1912 he commanded the
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Captain Cromie was portrayed by actor Barry Stokes in 2 episodes of popular 1983 drama
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authorities claimed to have received a report suggesting a connection between various
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British naval attaché Captain Cromie, socialising at a tennis club in Petrograd, 1918.
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On 3 September 1918, American Consul Haynes (the first American Consul of career) at
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Spartacus Educational: British History > Spies and Spymasters > Francis Cromie
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542:), Russia. Highly respected among Russia's elite, his diplomatic tact, during the
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679:, Hampshire, England. They had one daughter, Dolores Anthea, born June 1907, in
329:, Ireland, he was the son of British army captain Francis Charles Cromie of the
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Depot Ship HMS Rosario and British Royal Navy China Hong Kong submarine flotilla
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1098:"SOVIETS RAID BRITISH; Attack on Moscow Consulate Follows Petrograd Outrage"
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Honored by Strangers: The Life of Captain Francis Cromie, Dso, RN, 1882-1918
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SOVIETS RAID BRITISH; Attack on Moscow Consulate Follows Petrograd Outrage.
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Gladys (Gwladys) Catherine Josephine (née Cromie, m. 1907-1920; remarried)
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On 17 September 1918 Captain Francis Cromie was posthumously awarded the
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486:. On 31 December 1915 he was promoted to the British Royal Navy rank of
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Depot Ship HMS Onyx and British Royal Navy Devenport submarine flotilla
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to the British Embassy in the tense revolutionary city of Petrograd (
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956:. Vol. III. London: The Standard Art Book Co. Ltd. p. 230.
791:. Vol. III. London: The Standard Art Book Co. Ltd. p. 230.
815:. Vol. XLVIII, no. 13609. Oamaru, New Zealand. p. 6.
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received Capt. Cromie's widow Gladys (Gwladys) Catherine Cromie at
1162:. Vol. XLVIII, no. 13609. Oamaru, New Zealand. p. 6
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341:, Senegal). His mother was the daughter of the Chief Constable of
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Dr. Kean. A memorial in Captain Cromie's memory was laid at the
1278:. Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 73–74.
887:. Lanham, Maryland, US: Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 73–74.
1468:
Diving in the Baltic Sea, The E19 massacre - Ocean Discovery
590:
On 31 August 1918, commissioner Hillier and a detachment of
502:(DSO), followed by a succession of imperial Russian orders;
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Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
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He remains the only naval attaché to be killed in combat.
1366:
Tales of Sub-Lieutenant Ilyin – A prisoner of the British
558:
Prior to the embassy incident that involved his killing,
514:(4th Class), as well as the French National Order of the
301:
submarine flotilla, and from 1915 assumed command of the
582:
and Maximilian Filonenko, who had contacts with British
1342:(1930). "XIII. A BRITISH AND A RUSSIAN HERO - CROMIE".
771:(1930). "XIII. A BRITISH AND A RUSSIAN HERO - CROMIE".
714:
Captain Cromie's body was first taken to the Bolshevik
1154:
PNG "THE TRAGEDY OF CAPTAIN CROMIE. A MARTYR TO DUTY"
807:
PNG "THE TRAGEDY OF CAPTAIN CROMIE. A MARTYR TO DUTY"
456:, the following month he forced a passage into the
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313:to the diplomatic staff of the British Embassy in
1381:"Embassy of the United States, Helsinki, Finland"
414:, and was one of the first officers to command a
1545:British military personnel killed in World War I
1172:THE TRAGEDY OF CAPTAIN CROMIE. A MARTYR TO DUTY.
554:Death defending the British embassy in Petrograd
1525:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
1348:. London: William Heinemann Limited. pp.
777:. London: William Heinemann Limited. pp.
750:where he is depicted as aiding British agents
498:On 31 May 1916 he received the British Empire
1110:. 6 September 1918. p. 1. Archived from
1025:. 5 September 1918. p. 2. Archived from
758:, culminating in his defence of the embassy.
629:British outrage at embassy attack and killing
522:Diplomatic service in revolutionary Petrograd
449:In August 1915 he commissioned the submarine
8:
1301:"Diving in the Baltic Sea, The E19 massacre"
482:, as well as sinking or capturing 10 German
169:British Royal Navy Baltic submarine flotilla
1275:Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence
884:Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence
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20:
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642:"under preventive arrest" and taken to
305:. Later during the First World War and
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570:and the embassy in Petrograd, and the
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410:. In 1903 he volunteered to join the
7:
1106:. Washington, District of Columbia.
722:, Saint Petersburg, by the Scottish
418:. In 1906 he was awarded the bronze
1520:People murdered in the Soviet Union
1152:Pollen, Arthur (13 November 1918).
805:Pollen, Arthur (13 November 1918).
345:. He was educated at Haverfordwest
1540:Royal Navy officers of World War I
728:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
693:Companion of the Order of the Bath
550:of the British Baltic submarines.
422:medal, while serving on submarine
406:, two years later he was promoted
371:on passing out, and in 1900, as a
203:Companion of the Order of the Bath
14:
623:United States Department of State
119:
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1495:Royal Navy submarine commanders
1413:. London: Arthur Baker Limited.
800:. London: Arthur Baker Limited.
402:In 1901 he was promoted Acting
75:Killed in the British Embassy,
1515:British people murdered abroad
654:Witness recollection of events
634:the Bolshevik representatives
1:
703:, and handed to her the CB.
412:Royal Navy Submarine Service
390:, for which he received the
1510:Deaths by firearm in Russia
584:Secret Intelligence Service
500:Distinguished Service Order
321:Early life and naval career
283:Naval Intelligence Division
271:Francis Newton Allen Cromie
207:Distinguished Service Order
25:Francis Newton Allen Cromie
1566:
91:, Saint Petersburg, Russia
18:British Royal Navy officer
1473:24 September 2015 at the
732:Archangel Allied Cemetery
510:(4th Class with Swords),
506:(2nd Class with Swords),
353:, and in 1897 joined the
30:
1409:Britnieva, Mary (1934).
1363:F.F. Raskolnikov. "XI".
1226:Ferguson, Harry (2010).
1023:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
860:Ferguson, Harry (2010).
796:Britnieva, Mary (1934).
742:Dramatic representations
1232:. London: Arrow Books.
866:. London: Arrow Books.
578:counter-revolutionists
460:to support the Russian
228:(2nd Class with Swords)
223:(4th Class with Swords)
1550:British naval attachés
1021:. Brooklyn, New York:
611:British Foreign Office
531:
246:Archangel Memorial in
37:Captain Francis Cromie
841:Bainton, Roy (2002).
756:George Alexander Hill
566:organizations in the
564:counter-revolutionary
529:
508:Order of St. Vladimir
285:. At the outbreak of
221:Order of St. Vladimir
131:Years of service
1311:on 24 September 2015
1272:West, Nigel (2010).
881:West, Nigel (2010).
748:Reilly, Ace of Spies
730:Archangel Memorial (
420:Royal Humane Society
357:as a naval cadet at
236:Royal Humane Society
1103:The Washington Post
512:Order of St. George
494:Service distinction
394:with Peking clasp.
382:, took part in the
216:Order of St. George
213:(with Peking clasp)
720:Smolensky Cemetery
640:British government
568:British government
544:Russian Revolution
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384:Seymour Expedition
331:Hampshire Regiment
307:Russian Revolution
291:commanding officer
182:Seymour Expedition
89:Smolensky Cemetery
1411:One Woman's Story
1387:on 2 October 2013
1340:Hoare, Sir Samuel
1299:Bjurström, Erik.
798:One Woman's Story
769:Hoare, Sir Samuel
701:Buckingham Palace
504:Order of St. Anna
442:of submarines at
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364:; he joined
360:
324:
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178:Battles/wars
71:(1918-08-31)
15:
1505:1918 deaths
1500:1882 births
736:Arkhangelsk
287:World War I
248:Arkhangelsk
233:(Chevalier)
218:(4th Class)
186:World War I
1489:Categories
1188:|url=
903:References
830:|url=
762:Literature
738:, Russia.
677:Portsmouth
596:Neva river
484:steamships
458:Baltic Sea
432:depot ship
408:Lieutenant
373:midshipman
355:Royal Navy
295:Royal Navy
125:Royal Navy
97:Allegiance
49:1882-01-30
1424:11a 900).
1179:cite news
821:cite news
572:Bolshevik
548:scuttling
488:Commander
444:Devonport
416:submarine
361:Britannia
327:Duncannon
315:Petrograd
299:Hong Kong
255:Spouse(s)
243:Memorials
152:Commander
134:1897-1918
77:Petrograd
56:Duncannon
1471:Archived
1315:10 April
724:minister
697:George V
671:Marriage
619:Helsinki
605:shootout
466:iron ore
440:flotilla
428:Spithead
379:Barfleur
325:Born in
250:, Russia
162:Commands
114:Service/
79:, Russia
1391:8 April
1190:value (
1166:9 April
1121:7 April
1036:7 April
832:value (
681:Fareham
648:Finnish
472:to the
368:Repulse
333:(later
309:he was
289:he was
268:Captain
172:HMS E19
143:Captain
60:Ireland
1282:
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734:), in
710:Burial
601:Pravda
560:Moscow
479:Undine
470:Sweden
438:and a
424:HMS A3
297:China
265:Acting
199:Awards
147:Acting
116:branch
84:Buried
1434:440).
1352:–295.
1115:(JPG)
1030:(JPG)
781:–296.
592:Cheka
388:China
351:Wales
339:Dakar
1393:2014
1317:2014
1280:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1192:help
1168:2014
1123:2014
1038:2014
889:ISBN
868:ISBN
847:ISBN
834:help
754:and
451:HMS
436:Onyx
434:HMS
377:HMS
366:HMS
359:HMS
139:Rank
66:Died
43:Born
1350:294
779:277
453:E19
426:at
386:to
375:of
349:in
337:in
279:DSO
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
