944:. The members addressed each other as "Brothers" and the leader, which changed regularly, as "Abbot". During meetings members supposedly wore ritual clothing: white trousers, jacket and cap, while the "Abbot" wore a red ensemble of the same style. Prostitutes were supposedly referred to as "nuns". Club meetings were said to have included mock rituals, items of a pornographic nature, much drinking, "wenching" and banqueting. The "monks" were said to have performed obscene parodies of Christian rites, as well as orgies of drunkenness and debauchery in which Dashwood used a communion cup to pour out libations to heathen deities. These details, possibly embellished, were described in a contemporary novel by the Anglo-Irish satirist
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990:. His budget speech was so confused and incapable that it was received with shouts of laughter. An excise of four shillings in the hogshead, to be paid by the grower, which he imposed on cider and perry, raised a resistance through the cider counties hardly less furious than that which had been directed against the
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Dashwood's portrait, painted by George
Knapton, belongs to the Dilettanti Society; he is represented as one of the monks of Medmenham, holding a goblet inscribed "Matri Sanctorum", and in an attitude of devotion before a figure of the Venus de' Medici ; the motive of the picture is "both
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Dashwood first had the idea of founding a parody of the
Franciscan order when he returned from one of his Grand Tours, around 1731. He had visited various monastic communities in Europe, "founded, as it were, in direct contradiction to Nature and Reason", and he thought that by founding "a
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throughout the 1730s. It was again at the George and
Vulture that in 1746 Dashwood founded the precursor of his own Hellfire Club, a group called the "Knights of St. Francis". This was a parody of a religious order, based on a pun upon his own name and that of the medieval Italian saint,
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unsuccessfully claimed a right to the title. His sister
Rachael illegally assumed the title Baroness le Despencer, but on her death the abeyance was once more terminated in favour of her cousin, Thomas Stapleton. After Dashwood's death, his baronetcy passed to his half-brother, Sir John
955:, who previously labeled Dashwood "a disgrace to manhood" over his actions at Medmenham Abbey, and John Wilkes criticized this, implying it to be disingenuous. Wilkes wrote that the church was "built on the top of a hill for the convenience and devotion of the town at the bottom of it".
1020:, being succeeded in the colonelcy of the militia by John Wilkes. As Lord le Despencer, his public image became less associated with his past controversial actions. He joined John Montagu in leveling obscenity charges against John Wilkes for writing a pornographic poem,
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critically described the
Dilettanti Society as "a club for which the nominal qualification is having been to Italy, and the real one, being drunk; the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the whole time they were in Italy".
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1052:, Buckinghamshire. Horace Walpole described her as "a poor forlorn Presbyterian prude"; The marriage had no effect upon Dashwood's profligacy; according to Wraxall he "far exceeded in licentiousness of conduct any model exhibited since
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describes the necromancer Adrian Temple as "acquainted with
Francis Dashwood, the notorious Lord le Despencer ... many a winter's night saw him riding through the misty Thames meadows to the door of the sham Franciscan abbey ... of
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that were laid in against the festivals of this new church, sufficiently informed the neighbourhood of the complexion of those hermits." Over the grand entrance to the abbey was placed, in stained glass, the famous inscription on
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and vehemently attacked Sir Robert
Walpole, declaring that abroad he was looked upon with contempt. Walpole's fall made no difference to Dashwood's position, and as a courtier of Frederick Lewis he was in opposition to all of
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indecorous and profane" Another portrait of
Dashwood, by Hogarth, has been engraved. A third portrait, by an unknown artist, belonged to Viscount Dillon at Ditchley in 1900; it is reproduced in Barker's edition of Walpole's
986:. Dashwood's ability in government was criticized: "Of financial knowledge he did not possess the rudiments, and his ignorance was all the more conspicuous from the great financial ability of his predecessor
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Sir
Francis and Mary had two children: a son, Francis, and a daughter, Rachael. Sir Francis also had two surviving daughters from his first marriage, and later two daughters and two sons from his third.
538:. He travelled to France and Germany for several months in 1726. He went abroad again from 1729 to 1731 and visited Italy during this time. He later returned to Italy between 1739 and 1741, staying in
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2068:
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A volume of
Dashwood's correspondence extending from 1747 to 1781 is in Egerton MS. 2136, and letters from him to Wilkes are in Addit. MS. 30867. See also Journals of the Lords and Commons;
888:, the Duke of Queensberry, the Earl of Bute, Lord Melcombe, Sir William Stanhope, K.B, Sir John Dashwood-King, bart., Sir Francis Delaval, K.B., Sir John Vanluttan, kt., Henry Vansittart,
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Institution in the name of St Francis", he could substitute "convivial gaiety, unrestrained hilarity, and social felicity in lieu of the austerities and abstemiousness there practised."
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1032:. Dashwood died at West Wycombe after a long illness on 11 December 1781. He was buried in the mausoleum he had built there, next to his wife who had died on 19 January 1769.
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605:. "f not the actual projector and founder of the Dilettanti Society, he was certainly its leading member in 1736". Dashwood took a prominent part in the proceedings of the
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was suspended from his office of archmaster for "his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society", Dashwood was elected in his place. Dashwood presented to
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Richard Garnett, 'Lee , Rachel Fanny Antonina (1773?–1829)’, rev. J. Gilliland, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
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were suspected. Dashwood supported the influence of George Dodington and opposed the Regency Bill of 15 May 1751. On 13 April 1749 he was created
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1989:
The present peerages: with plates of arms, and an introduction to heraldry ; together with several useful lists incident to the work
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Dashwood spent his youth and early adulthood abroad, gaining a reputation for notoriety while travelling around Europe. He impersonated
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In 1754, Dashwood was re-elected to parliament for New Romney, and when the Buckinghamshire militia was raised on the outbreak of the
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Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham, vols. i-v. and vii., Memoirs of George II, ed. Lord Holland, and of George III, ed. Barker;
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in 1757, Dashwood became its first colonel with Wilkes as his lieutenant colonel. In the same year, he attempted to prevent Admiral
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1335:, a direct male descendant of the 1st Earl. The title of Baron le Despencer, passed through his mother Mary to Francis Dashwood.
838:. The group was now known as "the Order of the Friars of St. Francis of Wycombe". The group subsequently moved their meetings to
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During the general election of 1741 Dashwood fought vigorously against Walpole's supporters and secured a seat for himself at
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in 1719 and disbanded in 1721, but he and John Montagu are alleged to have been members of a Hellfire Club that met at the
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Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, viii. 236, ix. 454 (where he is confused with Thomas Stapleton, his successor in the barony);
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1453:, pp. 112–113 Horace Wapole, Memoirs of George III, ed. Barker, i. 237 ; Cust, Dilettanti Soc. pp. 9-10.
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873:. The men frequently went to Medmenham Abbey during the summer. They had the buildings restored by the architect
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503:. Upon the death of his father in 1724, Dashwood, who was only fifteen, inherited his father's estates and the
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1770:, 1760-65, “6th edition, greatly enlarged and corrected”, London: 1768, volume 3, p. 231-280. This book was a
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However, the society did increasingly have a serious side, and Dashwood's work resulted in his election as a
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with around 40 charter members who had returned from their travels with an appreciation of classical art.
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which claimed to reveal political secrets, and to expose the profligacy of well-known public characters.
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994:". Dashwood and the Prime Minister resigned from the ministry on 8 April 1763. Dashwood received the
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As a contrast to the frivolity of Medmenham Abbey, Dashwood erected a church on a neighbouring hill.
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1653:: Or, The History of King's-Place and other Modern Nunneries... by a Monk of the Order of St Francis
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Dashwood left no legitimate issue, and the Barony of le Despencer again fell into abeyance. His
924:" . Dashwood's garden at West Wycombe contained numerous statues and shrines to different gods:
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Dashwood was born in Great Marlborough Street, London, in December 1708. He was the only son of
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703:, from his colonelcy of the first troop of horse guards, made Dashwood a violent opponent of
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Abridgement of the Book of Common Prayer (1773), by Benjamin Franklin and Francis Dashwood
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857:. It was owned by Francis Duffield, from whom it was rented by Dashwood, his half-brother
842:, about 6 miles from West Wycombe, where they called themselves the "Monks of Medmenham".
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in 1762. The barony of le Despencer fell to Dashwood. The earldom of Westmorland went to
2234:
1996:
Woodland, Patrick (2004). "Dashwood, Francis, eleventh Baron Le Despencer (1708–1781)".
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various petitions from the Dilettanti Society when it was seeking a permanent location.
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2052:. Vol. 1 (13 ed.). London: Printed G. Woodall, Angel Court, Skinner Street.
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2015:
1871:, p. 113 cites Reg. of Marr., St. George's, Hanover Square, Harl. Soc. i. 35.
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1612:, p. 114 cites Cust, Dilettanti Soc. p. 217; Almon, Mem. of Wilkes, iii. 59.
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were the deities to whom they almost publicly sacrificed; and the nymphs and the
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Parishes: Medmenham Pages 84–89 A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 3
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On Dashwood's return to England, he obtained a minor post in the household of
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High politics and Hellfire: William Hogarth’s portrait of Francis Dashwood
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On 19 December 1745, Dashwood married Sarah, daughter of George Gould of
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to share their experiences, but this club was disbanded two years later.
625:
539:
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In 1747 he introduced a poor-relief bill that recommended commissioning
1816:, p. 114 cites Walpole, Mem. of George II, ii. 318, 323 sqq., 336.
1314:, married four times; his second wife was Mary, the eldest daughter of
933:
547:
504:
1655:, 2nd Edition, 2 vols (M. Goadby, London 1779), vol. I, Introduction,
903:, who visited the abbey, the members' "practice was rigorously pagan:
881:. Hogarth may have painted murals for this building but none survive.
534:
Dashwood's journeys abroad included classical aspects of the European
3640:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
2112:
Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886
925:
850:
1588:, p. 113 cf. Bubb Dodington, Diary, ed. 1809, pp. 6, 7, 59, 72.
2061: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1955:(Revised, paperback ed.). Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
1039:
775:
670:
632:, Gray, and others, and shortly afterwards, got into trouble with
2042:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1072:
Francis Dashwood has appeared in works by the following authors:
1016:
By 1763 Dashwood was premier baronet of England, and he was made
830:
In 1752, he moved the group's headquarters to his family home in
658:
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce
455:(December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English politician and
1049:
699:. This connection, coupled with the dismissal of his uncle, the
543:
2657:
1085:
describes the character Carwin as "specious seducer Dashwood."
892:
and Paul the poet". Meetings occurred twice a month, with an
565:. In 1733, between his visits to Italy, Dashwood accompanied
2177:
Courthope's, Burke's, and G. E. Cokayne's Complete Peerages.
788:. The bible has been replaced by a copy of the erotic novel
613:
painted his portrait for the Society. On 2 March 1746, when
2050:
Debrett's Correct Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland
982:, which he owed to his dependence upon the Prime Minister,
765:
of Oxford University, and on 19 June 1746 he was elected a
1101:
Dashwood is mentioned in a longer version of the section "
802:
Dashwood was too young to have been a member of the first
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1553:
1551:
978:; he was re-elected on 9 June 1762 on his appointment as
1028:'s administration from 1770 to 1781, Dashwood was joint
1009:. He inherited the barony after the death of his uncle,
974:
On 28 March 1761, he found a new seat in Parliament for
30:
For the British merchant, landowner and politician, see
2174:
Cust's History of the Dilettanti Society, 1898, passim;
1828:, p. 114 cites Lecky, History, ed. 1892, iii. 224.
1693:
1691:
1689:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1600:, p. 113 cites Thomson, Royal Soc. App. p. xliv.
1327:
When the 7th Earl of Westmorland died childless, the
1005:
In 1763, Dashwood was summoned to Parliament as 11th
784:
from the late 1750s, parodying Renaissance images of
679:
In 1744, he and John Montagu founded the short-lived
2171:
Doran's 'Mann' and Manners at the Court of Florence;
3155:
2959:
2691:
2129:
Almon's Mem. and Corresp. of John Wilkes, ed. 1805;
652:(FSA) in June 1769. He also became a member of the
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2231:from the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
2082:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 112–115.
1948:
2284:Photographs of Dashwood's tunnels in West Wycombe
2126:Wraxall's Hist. and Posthumous Mem., ed. Wheatle;
2147:Churchill's Poems, The Ghost and the Candidate;
1951:The Hell-Fire Clubs: A History of Anti-Morality
749:on 26 June 1747, and in January 1751 disavowed
484:, and his second wife Mary, eldest daughter of
3600:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain
2669:
2247:Francis Dashwood of the English Hellfire Club
1363:
1361:
896:lasting a week or more in June or September.
8:
2002:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1859:, p. 114 cites Gent. Mag. 1781, p. 594.
2252:The Lives & Times of the Hell-Fire Club
742:) to combat unemployment. The bill failed.
2676:
2662:
2654:
2288:
62:
38:
3645:Postmasters general of the United Kingdom
2132:Bubb Dodington's Diary, ed. 1809, passim;
1569:
1489:, p. 113 cites Cust, pp. 30, 61 sqq.
1434:
445:Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer
18:Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron le Despencer
3564:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
2237:by Marjie Bloy, PhD at The Victorian Web
1410:
648:(FRS) in June 1746, and a fellow of the
523:while in Russia and attempted to seduce
2205:by George Knowles at controverscial.com
1999:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1896:
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1068:Portrayal in literature and other media
527:. Dashwood was later expelled from the
1768:Chrysal, or the adventures of a guinea
845:Medmenham Abbey had been built by the
664:and became vice-president of both the
849:and was situated on the banks of the
660:in 1754. He had connections with the
599:Sir Francis Dashwood at his Devotions
581:Dilettanti Society and the Divan Club
7:
2135:Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Letters;
2115:. Oxford: Parker and Co – via
2090:Official Return of Members of Parl.;
1697:
1680:
1668:
1637:
1542:
1529:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole,
1514:
1462:
718:on 5 May. In Parliament he followed
709:George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe
3635:Lord-lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
2067:Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "
1883:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole
1501:, p. 113 cites Horace Walpole
1318:, Baron Le Despencer and Burghersh.
2554:Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
2153:Thomson's Hist, of the Royal Soc.;
1316:Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland
1264:St Lawrence's Church, West Wycombe
1018:Lord-Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
1011:John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland
615:John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich
486:Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland
25:
2196:Sir Francis Dashwood (1708- 1781)
2144:Charles Johnston's Chrysal, 1768;
1312:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
1206:in the 2006 four-issue story arc
1151:in the 1994 four-issue story arc
877:in the style of the 18th-century
711:'s membership of the Dilettanti.
557:While in Italy he befriended the
482:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
421:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
32:Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet
2218:, transcribed by Richard Mammana
2078:Dictionary of National Biography
2056:
2037:
1712:, p. 113 cites John Almon,
794:, and the profile of his friend
707:'s administration. He sponsored
697:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales
668:and the General Medical Asylum.
650:Society of Antiquaries of London
499:where he became associated with
3650:People educated at Eton College
2243:by Mike Howard at Talking Stick
1477:, p. 113 cites Cust, p. 9.
1170:Lord John and the Hellfire Club
834:, holding the first meeting on
757:and others of the household of
720:Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys
463:(1762–1763) and founder of the
395:
1299:St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate
683:for those who had visited the
675:Dashwood in Divan Club attire.
27:British politician (1708–1781)
1:
3595:18th-century English nobility
2106:"Dashwood, Sir Francis"
1714:Mem. and Corr. of John Wilkes
1013:and 10th Baron le Despencer.
984:John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
3655:Fellows of the Royal Society
3630:People from Wycombe District
2685:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2522:Master of the Great Wardrobe
2141:Boswell's Johnson, ed. Hill;
2016:UK public library membership
1899:, p. 113 cites Wraxall
745:Dashwood was re-elected for
128:Master of the Great Wardrobe
2616:Baronetage of Great Britain
2436:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2371:Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
2293:Parliament of Great Britain
2165:Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire;
2048:Debrett, John, ed. (1820).
1310:Francis Dashwood's father,
980:Chancellor of the Exchequer
976:Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
767:Fellow of the Royal Society
646:Fellow of the Royal Society
585:In 1732, Dashwood formed a
461:Chancellor of the Exchequer
180:Chancellor of the Exchequer
3676:
2096:Lists of Sheriffs, P.R.O.;
2093:Old Parliamentary History;
1987:Edmondson, Joseph (1785).
1903:, ed. Wheatley, ii. 18-19.
1800:, p. 113 cite Wilkes
886:Frederick, Prince of Wales
791:Elegantiae Latini sermonis
738:he later had excavated at
29:
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2460:
2452:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2398:
2369:Member of Parliament for
2367:
2347:
2333:
2312:Member of Parliament for
2310:
2298:
2291:
2162:Leeky's Hist, of England;
2159:Mahon's Hist, of England;
1991:. Printed for J. Dodsley.
1914:Retrieved 30 January 2015
1533:, ed. Cunningham, i. 136.
1297:Dashwood was baptised in
1222:in her 2007 short story "
1130:Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy
656:in the mid-1740s and the
624:In 1740, Dashwood was in
573:, stopping on the way at
495:Dashwood was educated at
438:
410:Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee
329:
294:
239:
185:
133:
81:
70:
61:
2564:The Earl of Chesterfield
2495:Treasurer of the Chamber
2201:15 February 2009 at the
1804:, ed. Almon, iii. 57-59.
1624:, p. 114 Walpole's
1375:of Bristol, a merchant.(
1197:Suspense and Sensibility
1124:The Illuminatus! Trilogy
992:excise scheme of Walpole
861:, his cousin Sir Thomas
509:Dashwood of West Wycombe
234:Treasurer of the Chamber
2473:The Viscount Barrington
2456:The Earl of Bessborough
2429:The Viscount Barrington
2279:The British Art Journal
2269:21 October 2009 at the
2150:Bedford Correspondence;
2138:Chesterfield's Letters;
1947:Ashe, Geoffrey (2000).
855:Marlow, Buckinghamshire
808:Philip, Duke of Wharton
759:George, Prince of Wales
550:and the excavations at
215:The Viscount Barrington
121:The Viscount Barrington
109:The Earl of Bessborough
2532:The Earl of Ashburnham
2463:2nd Postmaster-General
1329:Earldom of Westmorland
1208:Reasons to Be Cheerful
1077:Charles Brockden Brown
1045:
959:Later political career
894:annual general meeting
884:The members included "
859:Sir John Dashwood-King
812:George and Vulture Inn
799:
676:
501:William Pitt the Elder
173:The Earl of Ashburnham
76:2nd Postmaster-General
3625:British MPs 1761–1768
3620:British MPs 1754–1761
3615:British MPs 1747–1754
3610:British MPs 1741–1747
2701:Eustace of Fauconberg
2168:Collinson's Somerset;
2008:10.1093/ref:odnb/7179
1972:"Sir Francis's Folly"
1628:, cites 1894, i. 204.
1626:Memoirs of George III
1347:Memoirs of George III
1301:on 23 December 1708.
1103:The Sailor's Hornpipe
1094:The Lost Stradivarius
1061:illegitimate daughter
1043:
920:' abbey of Theleme, "
779:
674:
591:Society of Dilettanti
521:Charles XII of Sweden
48:The Lord le Despencer
2235:The 'Hell Fire Club'
1224:Hellfire at Twilight
1167:in her 1998 novella
1142:The Ghosts of Sleath
1109:'s 1973 debut album
798:peers from the halo.
285:Member of Parliament
44:The Right Honourable
3605:Barons le Despencer
2355:Lord John Cavendish
2229:The Hell-Fire Clubs
1932:(Internet Archive).
1659:(Internet Archive).
1367:John Fane had died
1210:for the comic book
1155:for the comic book
1119:Robert Anton Wilson
763:Doctor of Civil Law
701:Earl of Westmorland
567:George, Lord Forbes
3566:Lord Chief Justice
2646:John Dashwood-King
2636:(of West Wycombe)
2604:Title next held by
2593:Baron le Despencer
2582:Title last held by
2572:Peerage of England
2505:Sir Gilbert Elliot
2421:Political offices
1970:BBC staff (2003).
1773:succès de scandale
1269:West Wycombe Caves
1254:Baron le Despencer
1235:The Genesis Secret
1232:in the 2009 novel
1179:in the 2001 Novel
1139:in the 1994 novel
1091:in his 1895 novel
1079:in his 1798 novel
1046:
1030:Postmaster General
1007:Baron le Despencer
998:Keepership of the
922:Fay ce que voudras
800:
677:
666:Foundling Hospital
607:Dilettanti Society
279:Sir Gilbert Elliot
3572:
3571:
2652:
2651:
2643:Succeeded by
2561:Succeeded by
2529:Succeeded by
2502:Succeeded by
2488:Charles Townshend
2470:Succeeded by
2443:Succeeded by
2399:Succeeded by
2375:1761–1763
2337:Sir Edward Dering
2334:Succeeded by
2318:1741–1761
2306:Sir Robert Austen
2241:The Hellfire Club
2223:The Hellfire Club
2069:Dashwood, Francis
2014:(Subscription or
1764:Charles Johnstone
1274:West Wycombe Park
1249:Dashwood baronets
1044:West Wycombe Park
1022:An Essay on Woman
953:Charles Churchill
946:Charles Johnstone
890:Benjamin Franklin
817:Francis of Assisi
786:Francis of Assisi
772:The Hellfire Club
740:West Wycombe Park
563:Antonio Niccolini
442:
441:
312:Sir Robert Austen
267:Charles Townshend
16:(Redirected from
3667:
2961:of Great Britain
2678:
2671:
2664:
2655:
2625:Francis Dashwood
2622:Preceded by
2608:Thomas Stapleton
2544:Preceded by
2539:Honorary titles
2512:Preceded by
2485:Preceded by
2453:Preceded by
2446:George Grenville
2426:Preceded by
2359:George Dodington
2348:Preceded by
2299:Preceded by
2289:
2120:
2108:
2083:
2080:(1st supplement)
2060:
2059:
2053:
2041:
2040:
2019:
2011:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1954:
1933:
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1728:
1723:
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1707:
1701:
1695:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1651:Nocturnal Revels
1647:
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1635:
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1295:
1089:J. Meade Falkner
965:Seven Years' War
847:Cistercian Order
662:Spalding Society
399:
397:
334:Personal details
320:
308:
299:
275:
263:
244:
227:George Grenville
223:
211:
203:The Earl of Bute
199:
190:
169:
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105:
95:
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66:
39:
21:
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3441:Heathcoat-Amory
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2638:
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2627:
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2583:
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2547:The Earl Temple
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2414:Charles Walcott
2412:
2410:Richard Jackson
2408:
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2393:Richard Jackson
2391:
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2271:Wayback Machine
2203:Wayback Machine
2187:
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2013:
1995:
1986:
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1064:Dashwood-King.
1038:
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875:Nicholas Revett
865:, the satirist
840:Medmenham Abbey
836:Walpurgis Night
782:William Hogarth
774:
693:
634:Sir Horace Mann
601:for Dilettante
595:William Hogarth
583:
561:and theologian
517:
478:
473:
471:Life and career
423:
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398: 1745)
393:
389:
373:Political party
366:Buckinghamshire
360:
359:1 December 1781
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3391:N. Chamberlain
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3368:
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3356:A. Chamberlain
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3159:United Kingdom
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2515:The Earl Gower
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2480:Court offices
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2406:Richard Glover
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2185:External links
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1149:Eddie Campbell
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1099:
1086:
1069:
1066:
1037:
1034:
971:'s execution.
960:
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901:Horace Walpole
879:Gothic revival
867:Paul Whitehead
773:
770:
736:Hellfire Caves
705:Robert Walpole
692:
689:
685:Ottoman Empire
638:Horace Walpole
630:Horace Walpole
619:King George II
611:George Knapton
609:, and in 1742
603:Viscount Boyne
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2373:
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2356:
2352:
2351:Welbore Ellis
2346:
2342:
2341:Thomas Knight
2338:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:Henry Furnese
2316:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2302:Stephen Bisse
2297:
2294:
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2167:
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2161:
2158:
2155:
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2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2103:(1888–1892).
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2063:public domain
2055:
2051:
2045:
2044:public domain
2036:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1928:
1927:
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1918:
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1831:
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1810:
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1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:, p. 113
1787:
1782:
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1646:
1643:
1640:, p. 65.
1639:
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1627:
1623:
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1416:
1412:
1411:Woodland 2004
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:without issue
1364:
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1215:
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1209:
1205:
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1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:Regency novel
1190:
1189:Carrie Bebris
1187:
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1171:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:James Herbert
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:Tubular Bells
1108:
1107:Mike Oldfield
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1087:
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1078:
1075:
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923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:According to
897:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
820:
818:
813:
809:
806:, founded by
805:
804:Hellfire Club
797:
796:Lord Sandwich
793:
792:
787:
783:
778:
771:
769:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
734:(such as the
733:
728:
727:governments.
726:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
690:
688:
686:
682:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
580:
578:
576:
572:
571:St Petersburg
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
546:and visiting
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
487:
483:
475:
470:
468:
466:
465:Hellfire Club
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
437:
434:
431:
427:
422:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
385:
381:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:December 1708
341:
337:
332:
328:
325:
324:Thomas Knight
322:
316:
313:
310:
304:
298:
293:
290:
283:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
259:
256:
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225:
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216:
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207:
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201:
195:
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177:
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165:
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150:
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143:
137:
132:
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125:
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119:
113:
110:
107:
101:
97:
91:
85:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
56:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3561:
3436:Thorneycroft
3381:W. Churchill
3341:Lloyd George
3306:R. Churchill
3203:
3181:
3131:Ellenborough
3129:
3074:
3065:Bilson-Legge
3057:
3053:Bilson-Legge
3043:Bilson-Legge
3035:
3013:
2637:
2630:
2606:
2600:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2552:
2520:
2493:
2461:
2434:
2378:
2368:
2321:
2311:
2257:
2256:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2189:
2188:
2110:
2076:
2049:
2027:
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1962:0-7509-24020
1950:
1940:Bibliography
1939:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1908:
1900:
1897:Pollard 1901
1892:
1884:
1881:Pollard 1901
1876:
1869:Pollard 1901
1864:
1857:Pollard 1901
1852:
1845:Pollard 1901
1826:Pollard 1901
1821:
1814:Pollard 1901
1809:
1801:
1798:Pollard 1901
1793:
1786:Pollard 1901
1781:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1721:
1716:, iii. 60-3.
1713:
1710:Pollard 1901
1705:
1676:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1625:
1622:Pollard 1901
1617:
1610:Pollard 1901
1605:
1598:Pollard 1901
1593:
1586:Pollard 1901
1581:
1565:
1558:Pollard 1901
1538:
1530:
1527:Pollard 1901
1522:
1510:
1502:
1499:Pollard 1901
1494:
1487:Pollard 1901
1482:
1475:Pollard 1901
1470:
1458:
1451:Pollard 1901
1446:
1430:
1423:Pollard 1901
1418:
1390:
1389:
1377:Debrett 1820
1346:
1340:
1323:
1306:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1233:
1211:
1207:
1195:
1191:in her 2005
1182:Fatal Voyage
1180:
1177:Kathy Reichs
1168:
1156:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1127:and 1980–81
1122:
1121:in his 1975
1110:
1092:
1080:
1071:
1058:
1047:
1021:
1015:
1004:
973:
962:
950:
921:
898:
883:
844:
832:West Wycombe
829:
821:
801:
790:
780:Portrait by
755:Andrew Stone
744:
732:public works
729:
713:
694:
678:
654:Lincoln Club
643:
623:
598:
584:
556:
533:
529:Papal States
518:
497:Eton College
494:
490:
479:
444:
443:
433:Eton College
362:West Wycombe
319:Succeeded by
296:
274:Succeeded by
241:
222:Succeeded by
187:
168:Succeeded by
135:
116:Succeeded by
83:
36:
3590:1781 deaths
3585:1708 births
3321:Hicks Beach
3296:Hicks Beach
3216:Spring Rice
2716:Westminster
2601:In abeyance
2579:In abeyance
2402:John Tucker
2388:John Olmius
2380:John Tucker
2363:John Tucker
2328:Rose Fuller
2275:Robin Simon
2073:Lee, Sidney
2028:Attribution
1745:Ashe p. 114
1736:Ashe p. 125
1373:Thomas Fane
1333:Thomas Fane
1098:Medmenham."
871:John Wilkes
753:, of which
725:George II's
589:called the
587:dining club
559:philosopher
552:Herculaneum
388:Sarah Gould
345:Westminster
307:Preceded by
262:Preceded by
210:Preceded by
156:Preceded by
104:Preceded by
3579:Categories
3167:Vansittart
3147:Vansittart
3085:Dowdeswell
3070:Barrington
2901:Cottington
2771:Harvington
2746:Willoughby
2741:de la Leye
2731:G. Giffard
2726:W. Giffard
2693:of England
2640:1724–1781
2597:1763–1781
2558:1763–1781
2526:1763–1765
2499:1761–1762
2467:1765–1781
2440:1762–1763
2395:1762–1763
2330:1756–1761
2314:New Romney
2277:editor of
2117:Wikisource
2018:required.)
1978:19 January
1754:Ashe p 125
1331:passed to
1280:References
1220:Kage Baker
1213:Hellblazer
1204:Mike Carey
1158:Hellblazer
1054:Charles II
1026:Lord North
751:Jacobitism
747:New Romney
716:New Romney
681:Divan Club
636:. In 1743
575:Copenhagen
536:Grand Tour
476:Early life
289:New Romney
255:George III
149:George III
3456:Callaghan
3431:Macmillan
3421:Gaitskell
3286:Gladstone
3281:Northcote
3276:Gladstone
3256:Gladstone
3241:Gladstone
3183:Tenterden
3120:Addington
3110:Cavendish
3100:Cavendish
3090:Townshend
3080:Grenville
3059:Mansfield
3048:Lyttelton
2906:Colepeper
2871:Fortescue
2861:Sackville
2781:Stratford
2776:Wodehouse
2711:Leicester
2586:John Fane
2390:1761–1762
2325:1741–1756
2190:Biography
2084:Endnotes
1887:, ii. 11.
1698:Ashe 2000
1681:Ashe 2000
1669:Ashe 2000
1638:Ashe 2000
1543:Ashe 2000
1515:Ashe 2000
1505:, i. 240.
1463:Ashe 2000
1391:Citations
1024:. During
969:John Byng
913:hogsheads
863:Stapleton
825:burlesque
505:Baronetcy
429:Education
417:Parent(s)
368:, England
351:, England
349:Middlesex
301:1741–1761
297:In office
246:1761–1762
242:In office
192:1762–1763
188:In office
140:1763–1765
136:In office
88:1765–1781
84:In office
3541:Kwarteng
3451:Maudling
3406:Anderson
3316:Harcourt
3301:Harcourt
3291:Childers
3261:Disraeli
3251:Disraeli
3236:Disraeli
3226:Goulburn
3194:Goulburn
3172:Robinson
3142:Perceval
3075:Dashwood
3009:Aislabie
3004:Stanhope
2921:Duncombe
2891:Portland
2886:Greville
2851:Cromwell
2821:Thwaites
2806:Somerset
2751:Benstead
2736:Chishull
2721:Chishull
2706:Maunsell
2267:Archived
2210:Writings
2199:Archived
1657:pp. i-ii
1243:See also
1230:Tom Knox
1000:Wardrobe
996:sinecure
942:Dionysus
918:Rabelais
691:Politics
626:Florence
540:Florence
406:Children
3562:Italic:
3521:Hammond
3516:Osborne
3511:Darling
3466:Macleod
3461:Jenkins
3386:Snowden
3376:Snowden
3366:Baldwin
3346:McKenna
3336:Asquith
3326:Ritchie
3311:Goschen
3199:Althorp
3189:Herries
3177:Canning
3157:of the
3021:Walpole
2999:Walpole
2989:Wyndham
2941:Montagu
2936:Hampden
2931:Delamer
2896:Barrett
2866:Mildmay
2846:Berners
2836:Catesby
2796:Barnham
2766:Stanton
2756:Sandale
2632:Baronet
2075:(ed.).
2065::
1926:Wieland
1901:Memoirs
1885:Letters
1802:Memoirs
1531:Letters
1503:Letters
1082:Wieland
934:Priapus
905:Bacchus
548:Livorno
515:Travels
400:
392:
251:Monarch
145:Monarch
98:Various
3551:Reeves
3536:Zahawi
3501:Clarke
3496:Lamont
3486:Lawson
3476:Healey
3471:Barber
3426:Butler
3416:Cripps
3411:Dalton
3221:Baring
3205:Denman
3031:Pelham
3026:Sandys
2994:Onslow
2984:Benson
2979:Harley
2916:Ashley
2881:Caesar
2876:Dunbar
2841:Lovell
2831:Fowler
2826:Witham
2816:Witham
2811:Browne
2791:Ashton
2761:Hotham
2377:With:
2320:With:
2071:". In
2046::
2012:
1959:
1439:p. 117
1036:Family
926:Daphne
869:, and
851:Thames
383:Spouse
3531:Sunak
3526:Javid
3506:Brown
3491:Major
3446:Lloyd
3396:Simon
3361:Horne
3246:Lewis
3137:Petty
3095:North
3015:Pratt
2974:Smith
2969:Boyle
2951:Boyle
2946:Smith
2926:Ernle
2856:Baker
2801:Somer
2786:Ashby
2258:Other
1974:. BBC
1285:Notes
1105:" on
988:Legge
938:Venus
930:Flora
909:Venus
853:near
628:with
597:drew
569:, to
394:(
390:
3546:Hunt
3481:Howe
3401:Wood
3271:Lowe
3266:Hunt
3231:Wood
3211:Peel
3125:Pitt
3115:Pitt
3105:Pitt
2911:Hyde
1980:2009
1957:ISBN
1574:p. 1
1050:Iver
940:and
928:and
907:and
544:Rome
542:and
457:rake
377:Tory
356:Died
339:Born
287:for
3351:Law
3037:Lee
2273:by
2004:doi
1381:160
1056:".
507:of
453:FRS
55:FRS
3581::
2109:.
1833:^
1766:,
1688:^
1572:,
1550:^
1437:,
1399:^
1379:,
1360:^
1226:".
1002:.
948:.
936:,
932:,
819:.
577:.
554:.
531:.
511:.
488:.
467:.
459:,
451:,
449:PC
447:,
396:m.
364:,
347:,
52:PC
2677:e
2670:t
2663:v
2119:.
2010:.
2006::
1982:.
1965:.
1576:.
1441:.
1413:.
1383:)
1349:.
1238:.
1216:.
1200:.
1185:.
1173:.
1161:.
1145:.
1133:.
1115:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
