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33:
468:"the nation's finances were the most serious thing in its politics. He hated to see public extravagance...He thought the expense of war one of its most deadly characteristics. With him expenditure of public money was a moral activity which should be governed by the highest principles and never be prostituted to electoral or party needs. He believed firmly in private enterprise and had little affection for State control...one felt in the presence of a true disciple of
271:
reduced output to unemployment". He told
Campbell-Bannerman that "to restore credit and to lower taxes is the first great remedy for unemployment and the first great mission of the Liberal government". Hirst wrote again to Campbell-Bannerman on 9 November 1907, claiming that his government would only regain popularity by pursuing the traditional policy of retrenchment in expenditure.
175:
disagreement" with the essays he declined the offer because "exception might not unreasonably be taken to my going out of my way (as it would be said) to herald a militant demonstration, avowedly directed against a section (however small) of the party of which I am (for the time being) one of the responsible leaders". Hirst was "baffled" by this and then asked
262:
In 1903 he married Helena Mary
Carroll Cobden at Heyshott, near Midhurst, West Sussex. She was born on 16 February 1880 in Japan. She died 27 December 1965 in Chichester, West Sussex. Helena was Richard Cobden's great-niece. Francis Hirst had a particular affection for the Cobden Club and the Dunford
183:
I am wholly unable to comply with the requests which so often reach me for the writing of
Prefaces, but I venture on assuring you that I regard the design formed by you and your friends with sincere interest, and in particular wish well to all the efforts you may make on behalf of individual freedom
298:
has been described as "the new house journal of disaffected
Cobdenites". Hirst wrote that there was little to choose between the old Prime Minister Asquith and the new, Lloyd George; they both held power at the pleasure of protectionists. This "Old Gang of official Liberals" were impossible to rely
174:
who said the essays were likely intended to be "a declaration of war against that section of
Liberal opinion, which has of recent years gravitated towards modes of thought and fashions of speech which are called 'Collectivist'". He further said that whilst he did not find himself in "substantial
270:
on 29 December 1905, claiming that depression in trade and social distress could be explained by over-taxation and wasteful government expenditure on armaments. The outcome of this was "dear money, lowered credit, less enterprise in business and manufacturers, reduced home demand and therefore
343:
meaning that
Britain's tariff policy was no longer under the control of the British Parliament but by the colonies. It was an inversion of George III's policy in regard to the American colonies: "It is now the turn of the Colonies to control the mother country's taxes!"
362:
in which he compared the privations of the 1940s to the "hungry forties" of the previous century. Two days after the centenary of Corn Law repeal the Labour government introduced bread rationing for the first time. In 1947 he published
259:, an imaginary dialogue in which the Arbiter, an old Cobdenite Radical, discusses the issues of war and peace. Morley recommended it to Macmillan and it was published anonymously but the authorship came to be known.
263:
House
Association. One of his homes was Dunford House, Midhurst, West Sussex – the former home of Richard Cobden – where he used to organise the "Dunford House Conferences". The Hirsts lived there until 1952.
327:. In 1927 he noted the Labour Party's opposition to tariffs but also doubted whether "any system of socialism is ultimately compatible with the policy of free imports and the open door". When the Liberal
158:
In the late 1890s Hirst decided to persuade his Oxford friends to write a volume of essays on
Liberalism with him. The group wanted the preface to be written by a prominent Liberal, other than
299:
upon because they had sacrificed liberalism in a "miserable hunt for offices and titles...in order to please their
Protectionist colleagues and remain in office". Hirst agreed with
138:. He gained a First in Classical Moderations in 1894 and a First in Greats in 1896. At Wadham, and at the Oxford Union, he was a friend and contemporary of the future politicians
407:'. He did not admit the right of Parliament to take money from one lot of citizens and give it to another lot; in fact he disliked the use of the Budget as an instrument for the
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303:'s proposal for a negotiated peace with Germany and drew up a government for this purpose. It did not include Asquithian Liberals but included old-fashioned Liberals such as
300:
328:
336:
347:
In June 1936 he was elected to serve on the
Liberal Party Council. He spent several years in the late 1930s writing an enormous biography of the liberal statesman
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1518:
438:
279:
1158:
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wrote the preface. The book was dedicated to Morley. After Morley read Hirst's contributions to Cassell's biography of Gladstone edited by Sir
320:
163:
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236:
143:
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but he declined on the grounds that he would be attacked for opinions expressed in the book which he did not hold. Hirst then asked
422:"his horror of tariffs, huge armaments, and war was hardly greater than his detestation of the omnipotent State...he remained a '
332:
240:
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1339:
304:
201:
185:
139:
670:
391:, except a few on articles of general consumption which are not necessaries, such as tobacco, beer, spirits, and wine".
1410:
Jaime Reynolds, 'The last of the Liberals – The career and political thought of Francis Wrigley Hirst (1873–1953)',
290:
when Britain declared war on Germany in August 1914, and they both wept at the news. He was editor of the journal
852:"Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p141: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948
1375:
267:
211:
After he had left Oxford, Hirst edited political and economic books for Harper's, including one on Toryism by
278:, which he held from 1907 to 1916. In 1913–14 Hirst was a member of the international commission sent by the
1159:"A Man of Principle –The Life of Percy Alport Molteno, M. P. by Francis Hirst | Molteno Family History"
469:
176:
735:
252:
131:
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371:' "book on the virtues of thrift has been lost and obliterated in an age of borrowing and bankruptcy".
32:
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of the national income. Borrowing by the Government or by local authorities seemed to him dangerous".
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135:
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339:
Hirst accused Runciman of pursuing a "Tariff of Abominations, the worst since Waterloo", with the
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103:
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Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars
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204:(Gladstone's home) to help him write Gladstone's authorised biography. Hirst opposed the
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323:. Hirst campaigned against the post-war revival of protectionism under the guise of
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434:
388:
352:
119:
58:
1407:, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006, accessed 6 March 2010.
567:
Chapter XIX: "Mr. Gladstone's Fourth Premiership and Final Retirement, 1892–1897".
96:(10 June 1873 – 22 February 1953) was a British journalist, writer and editor of
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1300:. By F. W. HIRST. (London: J. M. Dent and Sons. 1915. Pp. xiv+327. 5s. net.)".
1064:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 1914. p. ii
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as these were the leaders of opposing factions. Their first preference was for
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1387:
Free Trade Nation. Commerce, Consumption, and Civil Society in Modern Britain
380:
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248:
1097:
Free Trade Nation. Commerce, Consumption, and Civil Society in Modern Britain
546:
Chapter IX: "Mr. Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1853, 1859–1865".
431:
324:
699:
From Adam Smith to Philip Snowden: A History of Free Trade in Great Britain
549:
Chapter XI: "Mr. Gladstone as Leader of the House and Reformer, 1865–1868".
147:
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484:"archetype of the stern and unbending Cobdenite...His denunciations of
1350:
Unemployment and Politics. A Study in English Social Policy. 1886–1914
1038:
Unemployment and Politics. A Study in English Social Policy. 1886–1914
208:
and was a co-founder of the League Against Aggression and Militarism.
134:, from 1892 to 1896, where he was Librarian and then President of the
540:
Chapter VI: "Mr. Gladstone and the Reform of the Tariff, 1841–1846".
1357:
Safeguarding and Protection in Great Britain and the United States
593:
Free Trade and Other Fundamental Doctrines of the Manchester School
245:
Free Trade and Other Fundamental Doctrines of the Manchester School
1128:
Safeguarding and Protection in Great Britain and the United States
720:
Safeguarding and Protection in Great Britain and the United States
675:(2nd ed.). London and Toronto: J. M. Dent. 1916 – via
558:
Chapter XVI: "Mr. Gladstone and the Eastern Question, 1876–1879".
457:' and the follies of his economic plans for curing unemployment".
561:
Chapter XVII: "Mr. Gladstone's Second Premiership, 1880–1885".
552:
Chapter XIII: "Mr. Gladstone's First Premiership, 1868–1874".
367:, an autobiography which terminated in 1906. He noted that
555:
Chapter XV: "Mr. Gladstone's First Retirement, 1874–1876".
351:
but, though it was completed in May 1939, the outbreak of
534:
Chapter II: "Mr. Gladstone and the Oxford Union Society".
564:
Chapter XVIII: "Mr. Gladstone and Home Rule, 1885–1892".
445:
gave Britain obligations which might lead her into war.
543:
Chapter VIII: "Mr. Gladstone as a Peelite, 1846–1859".
247:. In 1904 Morley asked Hirst to write a biography of
319:
Hirst stood for Parliament as a Liberal in 1910 and
1005:. London and New York: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. 1906
266:Hirst wrote to the new Liberal Prime Minister, Sir
82:
66:
39:
23:
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200:, he asked Hirst to spend a few weeks with him at
118:Hirst was born at Dalton Lodge, two miles east of
537:Chapter IV: "Mr. Gladstone as a Tory, 1832–1841".
1186:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p. 307, n. 193.
505:'Preface' (with J. S. Phillimore), pp. vii–xiii.
1211:(London: Oxford University Press, 1958), p. 15.
337:Abnormal Importations (Customs Duties) Act 1931
219:. Another was his compilation of extracts from
179:. Gladstone replied with a handwritten letter:
1332:Simon: a political biography of Sir John Simon
642:The National Expenditure of the United Kingdom
184:and independence as opposed to what is termed
255:" series. During the next two years he wrote
8:
843:(London: Frederick Muller Ltd, 1947), p. 17.
758:The Consequences of the War to Great Britain
399:"more than doubtful about the value of the '
1514:Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
793:Problems and Fallacies of Political Economy
274:Morley also recommended Hirst as editor of
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741:. London: Ernest Benn Limited – via
579:'Imperialism and Finance', pp. 1–117.
280:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
31:
20:
1380:Free Trade and Liberal England. 1846–1946
1184:Free Trade and Liberal England. 1846–1946
713:The Early Life and Letters of John Morley
692:Alexander Gordon Cummins Harvey: A Memoir
524:, Vol. 8, No. 32, Dec., pp. 533–543.
517:, Vol. 8, No. 31, Sep., pp. 395–402.
1372:(London: Oxford University Press, 1958).
1130:(Richard Cobden-Sanderson, 1927), p. 27.
1099:(Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 255.
1040:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 232.
706:The Life and Letters of Thomas Jefferson
508:'Liberalism and Wealth', pp. 31–96.
379:J. E. Allen called Hirst "a disciple of
1405:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
832:
574:Liberalism and the Empire: Three Essays
981:. London: Macmillan & Co., Limited
600:History of Local Government in England
358:After the war in 1946 Hirst published
1401:Hirst, Francis Wrigley (1873–1953)
1366:(London: Frederick Muller Ltd, 1947).
772:Economic Freedom and Private Property
7:
737:Gladstone as Financier and Economist
1359:(Richard Cobden-Sanderson, 1927).
978:Adam Smith (English Men of Letters)
529:The Life of William Ewart Gladstone
1519:People educated at Clifton College
282:to investigate the conduct of the
14:
1524:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford
1389:(Oxford University Press, 2008).
1382:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997).
1352:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).
192:In the end Hirst and his friend
1434:Works by or about Francis Hirst
1296:(December 1915). "BOOK REVIEW:
800:Foreign Policy, Past and Future
663:The Six Panics and Other Essays
449:has noted Hirst's hostility to
333:President of the Board of Trade
1529:Presidents of the Oxford Union
1443:Works by Francis Wrigley Hirst
751:Money: Gold, Silver, and Paper
727:Wall Street and Lombard Street
614:Monopolies, Trusts and Cartels
403:', and of what he called 'The
1:
1072:– via Internet Archive.
1013:– via Internet Archive.
989:– via Internet Archive.
531:(edited by Sir Wemyss Reid):
513:(1898). 'Mr. Gladstone. I.',
488:were particularly memorable".
464:described Hirst as believing
395:In his later years Hirst was
1298:The Political Economy of War
672:The Political Economy of War
628:A Library of Peace & War
520:(1898). 'Mr. Gladstone II',
1370:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
586:Local Government in England
476:Another friend of Hirst's,
360:The Repeal of the Corn Laws
355:prevented its publication.
286:of 1912–13. Hirst was with
1545:
1412:Journal of Liberal History
1281:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1269:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1257:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1245:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1233:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1221:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1209:F. W. Hirst By his Friends
1148:The Liberal Magazine, 1936
975:Hirst, Francis W. (1904).
685:The Paper Moneys of Europe
588:(with J. Redlich, 2 vols.)
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126:and became editor of the
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1504:British male journalists
1414:, Issue 47, Summer 2005.
807:Principles of Prosperity
786:Free Markets or Monopoly
268:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
215:and one on Socialism by
1334:. London: Aurum Press.
1139:Trentmann, pp. 331–332.
814:Repeal of the Corn Laws
480:, asserted that he was
177:William Ewart Gladstone
1425:Works by Francis Hirst
1330:Dutton, David (1992).
1002:The Arbiter in Council
656:Progress of the Nation
621:The Arbiter in Council
441:theory and feared the
257:The Arbiter in Council
253:English Men of Letters
190:
132:Wadham College, Oxford
1509:The Economist editors
635:The Credit of Nations
181:
146:, and of the athlete
106:in party terms and a
94:Francis Wrigley Hirst
44:Francis Wrigley Hirst
1302:The Economic Journal
522:The Economic Journal
515:The Economic Journal
500:Essays in Liberalism
136:Oxford Union Society
900:Dutton 1992, pp.7-9
765:Liberty and Tyranny
294:from 1916 to 1921.
243:and others, titled
102:magazine. He was a
1364:In the Golden Days
1197:In the Golden Days
1117:Trentmann, p. 255.
1108:Trentmann, p. 255.
1084:In the Golden Days
1025:In the Golden Days
963:In the Golden Days
950:In the Golden Days
937:In the Golden Days
924:In the Golden Days
911:In the Golden Days
889:In the Golden Days
876:In the Golden Days
863:In the Golden Days
841:In the Golden Days
821:In the Golden Days
649:The Stock Exchange
426:' man to the end".
365:In the Golden Days
315:Political activity
237:William Molesworth
16:British journalist
1482:
1481:
1473:Succeeded by
1429:Project Gutenberg
1385:Frank Trentmann,
1163:moltenofamily.net
1095:Frank Trentmann,
443:League of Nations
437:who disliked the
418:said of him that
335:, introduced the
154:Liberal publicist
108:classical liberal
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1499:1953 deaths
1494:1873 births
1447:Hathi Trust
416:G. P. Gooch
284:Balkan Wars
229:Joseph Hume
225:John Bright
213:F. E. Smith
198:Wemyss Reid
168:John Morley
144:F. E. Smith
1488:Categories
1470:1907–1916
1462:Editor of
1341:1854102044
1324:References
607:Adam Smith
455:Mr. George
424:Manchester
387:"disliked
381:Adam Smith
288:John Burns
249:Adam Smith
140:John Simon
128:Cliftonian
114:Early life
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828:Notes
375:Views
1336:ISBN
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