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224:, the rose breeder Francesco Paolino and his wife Marie-Elizabeth. During this trip, Francis met their daughter, Louisette, who was twelve at the time and would later marry Francis. Francis's first attempts to breed roses were not successful. His father later took Francis to a meeting of rose hybridizers to meet a prominent rose breeder, Charles Mallerin. Mallerin became a mentor to Francis and encouraged his efforts in rose breeding. Years later, Francis honored his mentor by naming a rose after him, the dark red hybrid tea, 'Charles Mallerin'. At the meeting, Mallerin introduced the Meillands to the American businessman,
335:, France. The company is owned entirely by the Meilland and Richardier families. Meilland International, also known as the House of Meilland in France, has three divisions: Meilland International, which creates new rose varieties; Meilland Richardier, which grows and sells commercial roses worldwide; and Selection New Plant (SNP), which finds and acquires innovative varieties of ornamental plants. The company employs over 800 people worldwide and owns rose trial gardens and test stations in France, the U.S. and Germany. The company's new roses are grown on 600 hectares (1500 acres) in
539:
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323:, his wife's birthplace and where the Paolino family still had a nursery. Francis died at the age of 46, of cancer, on June 15, 1958. Besides his world famous 'Peace Rose', Francis, developed over 150 rose varieties during his career. Since its introduction, there have over 40 million 'Peace' roses sold. It is considered the most popular selling rose of the 20th century. His work was continued by his wife, Louisette, son Alain and daughter Michelle Meilland Richardier.
476:
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188:. Dubreuil was a tailor at the time, but gave up the profession to help run the family business. Claudine also bred and introduced her own roses. Dubreuil developed over 64 rose varieties during his career. Francis's father, Antoine Meilland, was hired as Dubreuil's gardening assistant in 1900. At the nursery, he met Dubreuil's daughter, Claudia. The couple married in 1909, and Francis was born three years later on February 20, 1912, in
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236:. During his U.S. visit, Francis viewed Star Rose's color photo catalog and when he returned to France, he added photos to Meilland's annual rose catalog with great success. The nursery sold every rose advertised in the catalog. During his travels overseas, he learned how cut roses were grown in winter in
201:
231:
Francis travelled overseas after his mother, Claudia, died of cancer in 1932. He drove across the U.S. to pick up new ideas in rose breeding and cultivation. During this trip, he met again with Robert Pyle. Pyle's company introduced
Meilland's first successful rose variety, 'Golden State', bred by
314:
The tremendous success of the 'Peace' rose when it was first introduced, allowed the
Meilland family to sell a major portion of their thriving business to Francisque Richardier, rose business owner and friend, so that Francis could focus solely on rose breeding. The Meilland nursery became the
526:
355:. Meilland International sells over 12 million rose plants each year. The company is managed by Alain Meilland and Michell Richardier Meilland, who are also rose breeders for Meilland International. The company's rose breeding program has been led by Jacques Mouchotte since 1978.
303:, and also to the Conard-Pyle company in the U.S. Francis named the pink and yellow blend rose, ‘Madame Antoine Meilland,’ after his late mother, Claudia. In the U.S., the new rose was successfully propagated. It was later introduced on April 29, 1945, on the same day that
216:
and bought a larger property to expand their rose growing business. Francis showed a strong interest in roses as a child. He worked with his parents at the nursery from the age of fourteen. He would often accompany
Antoine to meetings with clients and other rose breeders.
514:
291:, collaborating on the selection of new rose varieties; Louisette was the administrator for the nursery. Months later, right before Germany's invasion of France, Francis sent cuttings of the new rose cultivar to fellow rose growers in
284:. Francis thought the resulting Hybrid tea seedling of this second cross was very promising. It had dark green, healthy foliage, and beautiful cream-yellow blooms with edges of pink. He noted the seedling in his records as #3-35-40.
164:
Francis
Meilland is the most celebrated member of the six generation, Meilland family of French rose breeders and nursery owners. The family's rosarian origins began in 1850 with Francis's great-grandfather,
131:, a family-owned rose growing company in southern France. The Meilland family has been breeding and selling roses since 1850. Francis Meilland is best known for developing the legendary
244:
to grow the
Meilland's nursery's cut roses during the winter. In America, Francis also learned valuable information from Robert Pyle about the American rose market, where the
228:, who represented Star Roses Nursery in the U.S. Pyle would later sign an agreement with the Meillands, allowing his company to introduce their roses in the United States.
311:. The rose was given the marketing name, 'Peace', in the U.S., to mark the end of the war. It was an immediate commercial success and sold extremely well worldwide.
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Francis was a talented and prolific rose breeder, and is best remembered for developing the legendary 'Peace' rose. In 1935, he cross-pollinated roses (
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Meilland
Richardier grew into the large rose growing business, Meilland International. The company's headquarters are located in
212:. His wife, Claudia, managed the family nursery until Antoine returned from the war in 1919. The Meilland family later moved to
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Francis before 1937; it was introduced in
America in 1938. The name was chosen to commemorate Francis's visit to
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Louisette and
Francis were married on January 14, 1939. They worked together at the Meilland nursery in
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On one of their business trips in 1932, Francis and
Antoine met with one of his father's clients in
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181:. None of the rose varieties that Rambaux developed were introduced until after his death in 1878.
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of plants began in 1930. He returned to France and began trademarking the
Meilland roses.
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Rambaux left his nursery to his wife Claudine, his daughter, Marie, and her husband,
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Francis Meilland, (center), with his parents, Antoine and Claudia Meilland, c. 1919
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127:(February 20, 1912— June 15, 1958) was a French rose breeder and co-founder of
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280:). This cross resulted in an unnamed seedling that was later crossed with
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in 1945, over 40 million 'Peace' roses have been sold worldwide.
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192:. He was named after his grandfather, Francis Dubreuil.
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in Lyon. He is best known for developing the popular
139:, in the 1930s. Since the rose's introduction in the
995:
Quest-Ritson, Brigid; Quest-Ritson, Charles (2003).
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101:
91:
83:
75:
57:
28:
21:
688:
686:
978:Quest for the Rose: A Historical Guide to Roses
641:"The MEILLAND RICHARDIER heritage, since 1867"
319:. Francis and Louisette bought property near
8:
783:
208:Francis's father, Antoine was drafted into
18:
915:
695:"Peace Rose Encapsulates Life, History"
863:"April 29th is National Peace Rose Day"
579:
435:
405:'Charles Mallerin', Hybrid tea, (1948)
976:Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martin (1993).
645:Meilland Richardier Roses and Jardins
7:
849:Quest-Ritson & Quest-Ritson 2003
423:'Christian Dior', Hybrid tea, (1958)
420:'Champs-Elysées', Hybrid tea, (1957)
240:. He later had greenhouses built in
797:"'Charles Meilland' rose reference"
16:French horticulturalist (1912–1958)
719:Brandenborg, Brigit (April 2016).
417:'Belle Blonde', Hybrid tea, (1955)
365:'Golden State', Hybrid tea, (1938)
14:
892:"That Wonderful Rose Named Peace"
408:'Monte Carlo', Hybrid tea, (1949)
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549:
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411:'Confidence', Hybrid tea, (1951)
588:"Meilland (1912-1958), Francis"
414:'Symphonie', Hybrid tea, (1950)
387:'Baccarat', Hybrid tea, (1956)
1:
929:"Meilland Roses and Creation"
757:"The Romantic Meilland Roses"
426:'Bettina', Hybrid tea, (1959)
402:'Caprice' Hybrid tea, (1948)
399:'Tahiti', Hybrid tea, (1948)
396:'Alsace', Hybrid tea, (1948)
368:'Ampère', Hybrid tea, (1939)
270:Souvenir de Claudius Pernet'
959:The Maker of Heavenly Roses
317:Meilland-Richardier company
1055:
251:
496:'Rouge Meilland', (1949)
957:Harkness, Jack (1985).
784:Phillips & Rix 1993
568:'Manou Meilland' (1979)
210:the French army in 1914
693:Stepankowskly, Andre.
532:'White Knight', (1955)
327:Meilland International
261:
205:
161:
129:Meilland International
997:Encyclopedia of Roses
761:American Rose Society
259:
203:
159:
117:Marie-Louise Meilland
896:Pacific Rose Society
861:Stallsmith, Audrey.
556:'Pink Peace', (1958)
544:'Sarabande', (1957)
393:, Hybrid tea, (1948)
384:, Hybrid tea, (1942)
171:Parc de la Tête d'Or
918:, pp. 126–127.
755:Londeree, Nanette.
289:Tassin-la-Demi-Lune
278:'Charles P. Kilham'
214:Tassin-la-Demi-Lune
152:The Meilland family
801:Help me find roses
670:Help me find roses
666:"Debruil, Francis"
617:Help me find roses
592:Help me find roses
482:'Michele Meilland'
391:'Michele Meilland'
333:Le Luc en Provence
262:
260:'Peace' rose, 1945
206:
162:
999:. DK Publishing.
890:Belendez, Kitty.
613:"Rambaux, Joseph"
508:'Concerto' (1953)
445:'Vatican', (1939)
282:'Margaret McGredy
122:
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87:Francois Meilland
43:February 20, 1912
33:Francois Meilland
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1024:People from Lyon
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980:. Random House.
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822:"'Golden State'"
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520:'Baccará' (1954)
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469:'Tahiti', (1948)
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266:'George Dickson'
252:The 'Peace' rose
186:Francis Dubreuil
169:, a gardener at
160:Francis Dubreuil
125:Francis Meilland
84:Other names
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23:Francis Meilland
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457:'Alain', (1946)
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307:surrendered to
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133:Hybrid tea rose
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933:Meilland Roses
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175:Polyantha rose
167:Joseph Rambaux
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102:Known for
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65:(aged 46)
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1029:Rose breeders
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309:Allied forces
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274:'Joanna Hill'
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95:Rose breeder
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92:Occupation(s)
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61:June 15, 1958
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938:14 September
936:. Retrieved
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901:12 September
899:. Retrieved
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872:13 September
870:. Retrieved
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831:13 September
829:. Retrieved
826:Help me find
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804:. Retrieved
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766:12 September
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737:13 September
735:. Retrieved
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704:12 September
702:. Retrieved
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675:22 September
673:. Retrieved
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622:22 September
620:. Retrieved
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597:20 September
595:. Retrieved
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179:'Perle d'Or'
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63:(1958-06-15)
1039:1958 deaths
1034:1912 births
806:9 September
650:9 September
349:Netherlands
226:Robert Pyle
196:Early years
76:Nationality
1018:Categories
376:Floribunda
353:California
234:California
39:1912-02-20
351:, and in
246:patenting
147:Biography
961:. ISBS.
484:, (1948)
238:Colombia
951:Sources
721:"Peace"
432:Gallery
382:'Peace'
372:'Alain'
341:Morocco
293:Germany
222:Antibes
137:'Peace'
106:'Peace'
69:Antibes
1003:
984:
965:
378:(1940)
347:, the
337:France
305:Berlin
301:Turkey
299:, and
113:Spouse
79:French
51:France
724:(PDF)
574:Notes
345:Spain
297:Italy
272:) x (
242:Kenya
1001:ISBN
982:ISBN
963:ISBN
940:2021
903:2021
874:2021
833:2021
808:2021
768:2021
739:2021
706:2021
677:2021
652:2021
624:2021
599:2021
190:Lyon
141:U.S.
108:rose
58:Died
47:Lyon
29:Born
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