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626:. Bartow defended himself vehemently, countering each of the personalized attacks and stating that he had undertaken the current campaign under the sole command of Jefferson Davis. His recurring argument was that the "Confederate Government is alone chargeable with questions of peace and war and has the exclusive right, excepting in the case of invasion, to raise and maintain armies" while the Governors are not "empowered to raise these armies". Brown would have been committing, "here again, common error, of supposing that the State of Georgia .... a mistake in which I do not participate."
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609:"public service," and that the Governor had the power of disarming the local military companies arbitrarily. He also alleged that Bartow had written the law beforehand, tailoring it for his own plans and forcing Davis to ignore the authority of the Confederacy's "independent" states. In Brown's opinion, the governor was Bartow's unique officer by the Confederate Constitution. He argued that the Congress was encroaching Georgia's rights.
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638:, with the objective of protecting the region from any Union attack. On June 1, 1861, Bartow was promoted to Colonel of the 8th Georgia Infantry, which had been formed in Virginia from companies that had been arriving from different Georgia counties. Later that day, he mustered the regiment for the first time at Camp Bartow in Howard's Grove in Richmond. The regiment was initially assigned to the
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793:. Unveiled in 1902, their two bronze busts were mounted on stone pedestals at Chippewa Square. Bartow's faced south towards Perry Street, while McLaws' faced north. About 1910, the council decided to build the Oglethorpe Monument at Chippewa Square. Both generals' busts were therefore relocated to the
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On
September 4, 1861, before a crowd of 1,000 people, the first Confederate-dedicated monument was inaugurated at Manassas, honoring Francis Bartow. An obelisk made of marble, it was mysteriously stolen in 1862. In 1936, in an attempt to repair this vandalism, a new marker was placed at the same site
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The rest of Bartow's 7th
Georgia continued to obey his last command to attack. The Union forces were beginning to show fatigue, due to their having been weakened during Bartow's morning attack. The Confederates sustained their attack until finally destroying the enemy battery at Stone Bridge. General
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As the hours went on, Bartow's soldiers were gradually worn down by the enemy. At times, they found themselves completely encircled, the target of a spate of bullets. One of the survivors later wrote, "Practically half of the Eighth's 1,000 Georgians fell dead or wounded, or were captured or lost ...
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Battalions
Infantry remained at Piedmont Station and were not present on July 21, 1861. He addressed his troops, "... but remember, boys, that battle and fighting mean death, and probably before sunrise, some of us will be dead." Early the next morning, Bartow had the 7th and 8th Georgia march to the
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An angry
Governor Brown countered by publishing an aggressively tough letter in all Georgia newspapers on May 21, 1861. Among other things, he alleged that Bartow was seeking his own glory by assuring a high command and aspiring to a promotion to colonel. To him, Bartow was actually deserting the war
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After my public compelling to achieve it ... I had pledged myself to meet all the consequences of secession. I am bound, therefore, in honor, and still more strongly by duty, to be among the foremost in accepting the bloody consequences which seem to threaten us." Therefore, he resigned from
Congress
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After the battle, on the approximate spot where Bartow was killed, Confederate soldiers placed a small stone landmark (engraved in
Savannah) which quoted his last words: "My God, boys, they have got me, but never give up the field." This memorial stone was later removed by Union forces during one of
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On the second day of the
Congress, Bartow became chairman of the Military Committee. He helped select the color and style of the initial Confederate gray uniforms. During a later session, Bartow announced that he would depart for the battlefront, taking his Oglethorpe Light Infantry up to Virginia.
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Bartow (now with less than 400 men) was forced to retreat about noontime back to his original deployment site. There, he asked
General Beauregard, "What shall now be done? Tell me, and if human efforts can avail, I will do it." Waving at the enemy position on the Stone Bridge, Beauregard replied,
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After the fighting had started, the two regiments reached Henry House Hill, where they were joined by Bartow, after one of his soldiers confirmed that it was his regiment: "Boys, what
Regiment is this?" The response came, "8th Georgia." He answered, "My God, boys, I am mighty glad to see you." He
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At the convention, Bartow stood out as one of the most fervent secessionists. Demanding an immediate withdrawal from the Union, he helped align
Georgia among the pro-secessionist states. On January 19, 1861, delegates voted to secede from the Union by a vote of 208 to 89. Bartow was a delegate in
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At one point, he harangued his troops to follow him toward the enemy by cheering "Boys, follow me!" and waving his cap frantically over his head. Just then, another projectile perforated his chest, fatally lodging in his heart. Some of his soldiers gathered around him, witnessing his last words:
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Nonetheless, Bartow arrived in Savannah on May 21 to assemble his 106 soldiers and to arrange for a train to take them to Virginia's battlefront. A great rally of cheerful citizens congregated at the station, accompanied by the remaining local militia, which fired an artillery salute in Bartow's
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of Texas that authorized any citizen to offer any voluntary military force directly, without state mediation, to the Confederate President, who would also determine its military leader. Davis immediately approved Bartow's plan and designated him the commander of the new Confederate force, making
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which began January 16, 1861—with Bartow nominated for Chatham County's delegation. On May 28, 1861, elections were held to select representatives to the convention, and Bartow emerged as a delegate, along with John W. Anderson and A. S. Jones. Bartow however, was on military duty that day as
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Bartow telegraphed the news to his Georgia troops, arranging a prompt rally. However, his plans were blocked by Governor Brown, who had already decided to concentrate the state's armed forces strictly for the defense of Georgia. Bartow appealed personally to the Confederate President,
704:"That battery should be silenced." Bartow gathered the remainder of the 7th Regiment and launched another attack. Around Henry House Hill, Bartow's horse was shot out from under him and a bullet wounded him slightly. Nonetheless, he grabbed another horse and continued the attack.
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intensified, Bartow became concerned for Georgia's destiny if war became a reality. He was one of the largest slaveholders in the state. By 1860, he owned a total of 89 slaves, most of whom lived and worked at his plantation on the Savannah River in Chatham County. In 1860, after
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with a military ceremony. Louisa Berrien received a consoling letter from Mrs. Jefferson Davis. His granite monument has two of his historical phrases engraved under a wreath and a saber: "I go to illustrate Georgia" and "They have killed me, boys, but never give up."
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696:'s brigade. Bee then decided to go forward to support Evan's brigade on Matthew Hill as Evans had rejected his suggestion to fall back to Henry Hill. Bartow deployed the 7th and 8th Georgia into line of battle to support the right flank of Bee's Brigade.
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545:)—recently garrisoned by Federal military forces. Brown entrusted the task to Bartow and the Oglethorpe Light Infantry. Bartow's expedition successfully occupied the fort on June 15, largely due to his artillery under Col.
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soon after his return to Savannah. He joined the locally known law firm of Law & Lovell, becoming a partner and forming Law, Bartow and Lovell, Bartow became regarded for his skills, handling difficult criminal cases.
735:. The chamber felt an "unfeigned sorrow" due to the "heavy loss sustained by the Confederacy in the death of one of her most efficient counselors." They did confirm Bartow's posthumous rank of acting brigadier general.
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their raids. (Two markers survive on that same site in the present-day National Battlefield—an older one placed by veterans of the 7th Georgia in 1903, and a newer bronze marker erected in the 20th century.)
720:, July 13, 1861.) Amos Rucker and his brother Moses Bentley, two body servants from the 7th Regiment, carried Bartow off the battlefield. The renowned surgeon H. V. M. Miller attended him, but without success.
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901:. The Georgia General Assembly recently acknowledged the work of this organization, citing them "for their role in protecting and preserving Confederate heritage" (LC 21 7026, House Resolution 1524).
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arms, Francis Bartow died. He was the first brigade commander to be killed in action during the Civil War. (The first general officer to be killed in the war was Confederate Brig. Gen.
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After years of postponement due to the war and its effects, on February 7, 1890, the Savannah City Council approved erecting a memorial recognizing native sons Francis Bartow and
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431:. In 1844, Bartow married Louisa Greene Berrien, the daughter of one of his previous professional tutors, Sen. John Berrien. In 1856, Bartow was a candidate for the
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company that had been formed in 1856. He served as an instructor to the volunteers, many of which were young scions of established families in local society.
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Bartow Elementary School, a school in Savannah which opened in 1963. The school was renamed in memory of a school board member, Otis J. Brock, in the 2010s.
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When notified of Bartow's death, the Provisional Congress adjourned its sessions "in testimony of respect for his memory", as expressed by its spokesman,
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with their "luggage tied on the ends of fixed bayonets." After reaching the Piedmont station, the regiment was transported to Manassas by train.
605:"to serve the common cause in a more pleasant summer climate." He wrote that the muskets Bartow's men had carried to Virginia were exclusively for
620:, Bartow wrote his response to the "insolent missive" of Brown, who "thought proper to publish in absence". The response was published in the
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Eicher, p. 589, lists Bartow in the "Might-Have-Beens" chapter, reserved for men often considered generals, but who actually achieved only
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on that day. The actual signing of the ordinance occurred on January 21, 1861, when the delegates ceremoniously signed the document in the
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On July 27, 1861, Bartow's corpse returned to Chatham County, Georgia. Accompanied by an extensive popular rally, Bartow was buried at
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Bartow's Oglethorpe Light Infantry the first company to officially contribute its services to the Confederacy's national war effort.
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339:(formerly Georgia's state capital), to Dr. Theodosius Bartow and Frances Lloyd (Stebbins) Bartow. He studied law at the
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Heidler, p. 188, states "Although never promoted to brigadier general, Bartow commanded his brigade at First Bull Run."
650:, near the northern end of the valley. Once settled, Bartow incorporated some local forces from the 2nd Brigade of the
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Francis Bartow Homes- an apartment community in Savannah, Ga. located directly in front of the school mentioned above.
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honor. Before departing, Bartow pronounced to the crowd his most celebrated phrase: "I go to illustrate Georgia."
403:, returning to Savannah in 1837. Bartow was subsequently employed by the Bryan Superior Court and admitted to the
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West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains
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272:; September 6, 1816 – July 21, 1861) was a licensed attorney turned politician, who served two terms in the
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Bartow commanded the 7th & 8th Georgia Regiments—the 9th Georgia Regiment, Pope's and Duncan's
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708:"Boys, they have killed me, but never give up the field." Lying on the ground and wrapped in Col.
423:. In 1841, he began his own political career by serving the first of two consecutive terms in the
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newspaper commented, "Col. Bartow's fine Regiment of Georgians were nearly annihilated".
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Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War
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Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Late in June 1861, Bartow received orders to move his troops to the outskirts of
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773:. A new monument of Bartow exists nearby, several feet from the original one.
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in Milledgeville. Bartow was subsequently chosen to represent Georgia in the
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commanding the 21st Oglethorpe Light Infantry during the early months of the
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Deputies and delegates to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
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296:. Bartow was a delegate from Georgia's 1st congressional district to the
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During the Civil War, several Georgia companies carried Bartow's name:
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Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
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Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., "Francis Stebbins Bartow",
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Bartow led his men to an exposed eminence which was too hot to hold."
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Berrien & Law at their Savannah law office. Bartow obtained his
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Company B, 10th Battalion Georgia Cavalry - Bartow Mounted Infantry
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Memorial and bust of Francis S. Bartow in Savannah's Forsyth Park.
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Beauregard declared, "You Georgians saved me," though the Georgia
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Signers of the Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
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Company C, 10th Battalion Georgia Cavalry - Bartow Raid Repellers
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848:. The former Union Academy became an integrated middle school.
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Bartow's 21st Oglethorpe Light Infantry finally arrived in
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Company B, 40th Regiment - Bartow Sentinels/Howard Guards
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People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
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List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)
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but was defeated. The following year, he was elected as
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Bartow is buried in Savannah's Laurel Grove Cemetery.
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Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.
911:
List of signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession
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1223:Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
935:"The Bartow Monument (U.S. National Park Service)"
1059:. Piedmont, WV: The Place Name Press. p. 97.
351:). While at Franklin, Bartow was a member of the
885:Company A, 23rd Regiment - Bartow Yankee Killers
498:signed by Bartow and 292 other delegates to the
439:of Savannah's 21st Oglethorpe Light Infantry, a
2365:Members of the Georgia House of Representatives
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411:In 1840, the 24-year-old Bartow campaigned for
2380:Signers of the Confederate States Constitution
1076:Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2008.
1074:Confederate Colonels: A Biographical Register.
1026:Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins
567:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
331:Francis Bartow was born September 6, 1816, in
319:, becoming the first brigade commander of the
2390:Signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession
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553:favor of secession, voting to sign Georgia's
8:
2400:Politicians killed in the American Civil War
1110:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
689:deployed his brigade on the hill alongside
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897:The Francis S. Bartow Camp No. 93 of the
891:Company I, 40th Regiment - Bartow Rangers
1173:Today in Georgia History: Francis Bartow
1032:. Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 14.
673:. They departed on June 19, fording the
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304:becoming an inaugurating member of the
537:had previously given orders to retake
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274:United States House of Representatives
1183:Articles related to Francis S. Bartow
1121:Groce, W. Todd. "Francis S. Bartow",
341:Franklin College of Arts and Sciences
7:
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582:in May to join the Confederate army.
2360:Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
1168:Carl Vinson Institute of Government
771:United Daughters of the Confederacy
2375:Politicians from Savannah, Georgia
616:On June 14, from Camp Defiance in
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2340:19th-century American legislators
446:As the national controversy over
379:in 1835 at age 19. Bartow was an
315:Colonel Bartow was killed at the
2345:Confederate States Army officers
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425:Georgia House of Representatives
306:Confederate Provisional Congress
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1751:Confederate States Constitution
769:by the Georgia Division of the
661:Map of the events of the battle
541:(located near the mouth of the
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596:, using a new law authored by
427:, followed by one term in the
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2410:American proslavery activists
573:, starting February 4, 1861.
347:(the founding college of the
282:Confederate States of America
49:
2395:University of Georgia alumni
1163:My Southern Family Home Page
1125:, last modified Sep 9, 2014.
899:Sons of Confederate Veterans
500:Georgia Secession Convention
455:'s election, he spurned the
1023:Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975).
882:Georgia Volunteer Infantry
840:, the previously all-white
587:Dispute with Governor Brown
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577:As he explained later on:
476:Secession and Fort Pulaski
353:Phi Kappa Literary Society
335:, near the county seat of
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1156:January 26, 2013, at the
1151:Biography of Frank Bartow
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1123:New Georgia Encyclopedia
1108:Civil War High Commands.
965:New Georgia Encyclopedia
776:
685:left flank of the army.
521:summoned delegates to a
519:Georgia General Assembly
317:First Battle of Manassas
244:First Battle of Manassas
871:Macedonia Silver Grays
333:Chatham County, Georgia
321:Confederate States Army
270:Francis Stebbins Bartow
204:Confederate States Army
80:Chatham County, Georgia
67:Francis Stebbins Bartow
18:Francis Stebbins Bartow
2212:William Beck Ochiltree
1468:William Parish Chilton
1089:More Generals in Gray.
1053:Kenny, Hamill (1945).
814:Bartow County, Georgia
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652:Army of the Shenandoah
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555:Ordinance of Secession
508:Milledgeville, Georgia
496:Ordinance of Secession
494:Facsimile of the 1861
483:Ordinance of Secession
413:William Henry Harrison
393:postgraduate education
310:The American Civil War
1888:Alexander H. Stephens
1798:Robert Barnwell Rhett
1386:Alexander H. Stephens
1261:Robert Barnwell Rhett
1102:Eicher, John H., and
829:Bartow, West Virginia
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740:Laurel Grove Cemetery
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623:Savannah Morning News
349:University of Georgia
327:Early life and career
210:Years of service
132:Louisa Greene Berrien
108:Laurel Grove Cemetery
2302:Georgia (U.S. state)
2191:Williamson S. Oldham
2053:Alexander M. Clayton
1640:Williamson S. Oldham
1523:Alexander M. Clayton
1072:Allardice, Bruce S.
853:SS Francis S. Bartow
795:Confederate Monument
752:Manassas battlefield
523:Secession Convention
405:State Bar of Georgia
355:and was mentored by
284:. Bartow was also a
1749:Signatories of the
1221:Signatories of the
1087:Allardice, Bruce S.
961:"Francis S. Bartow"
842:Summerlin Institute
777:Savannah's monument
726:Rome Weekly Courier
671:P. G. T. Beauregard
669:to support General
571:Montgomery, Alabama
375:. Bartow graduated
302:Montgomery, Alabama
298:Southern Convention
27:American politician
2278:American Civil War
1998:William P. Chilton
1950:J. Patton Anderson
1916:Augustus R. Wright
1881:Martin J. Crawford
1420:J. Patton Anderson
1365:Augustus R. Wright
1344:Martin J. Crawford
1275:James Chesnut, Jr.
846:Bartow High School
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636:Richmond, Virginia
471:American Civil War
323:to die in combat.
294:American Civil War
238:American Civil War
186:Confederate States
97:Manassas, Virginia
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2095:J. A. P. Campbell
2060:James T. Harrison
2026:Jno. Gill Shorter
1977:Richard W. Walker
1874:Francis S. Bartow
1819:James Chesnut Jr.
1812:Wm. Porcher Miles
1758:President of the
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1578:John Perkins, Jr.
1558:J. A. P. Campbell
1537:James T. Harrison
1461:Jno. Gill Shorter
1440:Richard W. Walker
1337:Francis S. Bartow
1296:Laurence M. Keitt
1289:Wm. Porcher Miles
1230:President of the
1116:978-0-8047-3641-1
1097:978-0-8071-3148-0
1082:978-0-8262-1809-4
714:Robert S. Garnett
710:Lucius Gartrell's
691:Brigadier-General
644:Virginia Piedmont
640:Shenandoah Valley
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510:January 21, 1861.
266:Francis S. Bartow
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113:Savannah, Georgia
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2129:C. M. Conrad
2088:W. P. Harris
2074:W. S. Wilson
1909:E. A. Nisbet
1873:
1592:C. M. Conrad
1530:W. S. Wilson
1516:W. P. Harris
1351:E. A. Nisbet
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968:. Retrieved
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942:. Retrieved
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858:Liberty ship
851:
836:In 1968, in
803:
799:Forsyth Park
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361:U.S. senator
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312:of 1861–65.
269:
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236:
233:Battles/wars
92:(1861-07-21)
29:
2335:1861 deaths
2330:1816 births
2044:Mississippi
1923:A. H. Kenan
1769:Howell Cobb
1507:Mississippi
1379:A. H. Kenan
1241:Howell Cobb
939:www.nps.gov
694:Barnard Bee
401:Connecticut
363:and former
119:Nationality
2324:Categories
2205:John Gregg
2019:Tho. Fearn
1647:John Gregg
1489:Tho. Fearn
1067:References
648:Winchester
504:statehouse
383:under the
174:Allegiance
154:Alma mater
73:1816-09-06
2290:Biography
2106:Louisiana
1867:R. Toombs
1569:Louisiana
1330:R. Toombs
465:secession
421:President
377:cum laude
2314:Politics
2232:Category
1760:Congress
1695:Category
1232:Congress
1154:Archived
970:July 18,
944:July 18,
905:See also
682:Kentucky
667:Manassas
630:Manassas
532:Governor
385:tutelage
337:Savannah
122:American
2264:Portals
2244:Commons
1968:Alabama
1934:Florida
1858:Georgia
1707:Commons
1431:Alabama
1397:Florida
1321:Georgia
1001:status.
502:at the
448:slavery
437:captain
389:Messrs.
288:in the
286:colonel
280:of the
250:†
227:Colonel
147:
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48:Bartow
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995:brevet
415:, the
381:intern
345:Athens
268:(born
246:
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183:
127:Spouse
2161:Texas
1624:Texas
1030:(PDF)
922:Notes
607:local
461:right
457:Union
141:(
137:
1134:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1034:ISBN
972:2023
946:2023
860:2447
517:The
417:Whig
359:, a
218:Rank
213:1861
99:, US
87:Died
82:, US
63:Born
52:1860
997:or
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716:at
569:at
525:in
506:in
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371:'s
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2326::
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963:.
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143:m.
50:c.
2266::
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948:.
110:,
75:)
71:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
