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516:(FDR). Because the 757 flight simulators could not be backdriven during the tests, whether the airplane would have missed the mountain/tree tops if the speedbrakes had been retracted during the climb attempt could not be determined with precision, but the final report stated that if the flightcrew had retracted the speedbrakes one second after initiating the escape maneuver, the airplane could have been climbing through a position that was 46 m (150 ft) above the initial impact point. Because the airplane would have continued to climb and had the potential to increase its rate of climb, it might well have cleared the trees at the top of the mountain.
421:
course to Bogotá, resulting in the airplane turning east in a wide semicircle. The pilots then attempted to correct this by turning back to the south. By the time the error was detected, the aircraft was in a valley running roughly north–south parallel to the one they should have been in. The pilots had put the aircraft on a collision course with a 3,000-meter (9,800 ft) mountain. The air traffic controller, Nelson Rivera Ramírez, believed that some of the requests of the pilots did not make sense, but did not know enough non-aviation
English to convey this.
445:
side of the 2,700-meter-tall (9,000 ft) mountain. The last record on the flight data recorder indicated that the plane was flying at 187 kn (346 km/h; 215 mph) and with a pitch attitude of almost 28°. The crash was 9.7 km (6.0 mi; 5.2 nmi) south of Tulua VOR and 28 km (17 mi; 15 nmi) north of the approach end of runway 19 at
Alfonso Bonilla Aragon International Airport. Initially, the aircraft cleared the summit, but struck the trees with the tail and crashed shortly after the summit.
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433:(GPWS) activated, announcing an imminent terrain collision and sounding an alarm. Within a second of this warning, the first officer disengaged the autopilot, and the captain attempted to climb clear of the mountain. Within two seconds of the warning, take-off power was selected, and in the next second, pitch was increased to 20.6° upwards, causing activation of the
1834:
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40:
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When take-off power was selected, neither pilot had remembered to disengage the previously deployed speed brakes, which were fully extended and significantly reduced the rate of climb. At 9:41:28 pm EST, the aircraft struck trees at about 2,720 metres (8,920 ft) above mean sea level on the east
621:
ruled that the pilots had committed "willful misconduct"; the ruling applied to
American Airlines, which represented the dead pilots. The judge's ruling was subsequently reversed in June 1999 by the U.S. Court of Appeals in Atlanta, which also overturned the jury verdict and declared that the judge
420:
150 nmi (170 mi; 280 km) from Cali, which is not in line with the ICAO standard effective from 1978 to only duplicate identifiers if more than 600 nmi (690 mi; 1,100 km) apart. By selecting "R" from the waypoint list, the captain caused the autopilot to start flying a
395:
Since the wind was calm, Cali's controllers asked the pilots whether they wanted to fly a non-precision straight-in approach to runway 19 rather than coming around for a precision ILS-approach to runway 01. The pilots agreed to the straight-in approach, hoping to make up some time. The pilots then
637:
in Miami. At the trial, American
Airlines admitted that it bore some legal responsibility for the accident. Honeywell and Jeppesen each contended that they had no legal responsibility for the accident. In June 2000, the jury found that Jeppesen was 30% at fault for the crash, Honeywell was 10% at
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456:
Five passengers, all seated within two rows of each other, survived the initial impact, but one died two days later of his injuries. In addition to the four human survivors, a dog, which had been in a carrier in the cargo hold at the time of the crash, survived the accident.
330:
The cockpit crew consisted of
Captain Nicholas Tafuri (57), and First Officer Donald "Don" Williams (39). Both pilots were considered to be highly skilled airmen. Captain Tafuri had more than 13,000 hours of flying experience (including 2,260 hours on the
3441:
416:(NDB) was identified as "R" in their approach chart but not in the FMS. Instead the FMS database used a different naming convention and identified the Rozo NDB as "ROZO". Colombia had also duplicated the identifier "R" for the Romeo NDB near
791:
605:
Scavengers took engine thrust reversers, cockpit avionics, and other components from the crashed 757, using
Colombian military and private helicopters to go to and from the crash site. Many of the stolen components reappeared as
411:
By the time the pilots had selected the Tulua VOR identifier "ULQ" into the FMS flight plan they had already passed over it. The pilots then tried to select the next approach waypoint Rozo in the FMS. However, the Rozo
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286:
The crash was the first U.S.-owned 757 accident and is currently the deadliest aviation accident to occur in
Colombia. It was also the deadliest accident involving a Boeing 757 at that time, but was surpassed by
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404:(identified as "ULQ") north of Cali, it was no longer programmed into the FMS flight plan, so they had to find the VOR identifier "ULQ" in their approach chart. In the meantime, they extended the aircraft's
634:
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caused the airline to delay the departure of the airliner for 30 minutes to allow for connecting passengers to board the flight, and seasonal congestion caused further delay. Flight 965 took off at 6:35 pm
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392:(FMS) navigation computer already had these beacons programmed in, and should have, in theory, told the pilots exactly where to turn, climb, and descend, all the way from Miami to the terminal in Cali.
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685:, whose wrestling career spanned from 1959 to 1983. He, his wife and youngest child were passengers on the flight. He and his wife perished in the crash. Their child was one of the four survivors.
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American
Airlines settled numerous lawsuits brought against it by the families of the victims of the accident. American Airlines filed a "third-party complaint" lawsuit for contribution against
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parts brokers. In response, the airline published a 14-page list stating all of the parts missing from the crashed aircraft. The list included the serial numbers of all of the parts.
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radio program, had an episode titled "The Father and
Daughter Finding Closure After a Plane Crash", which consisted of interviews with two of the survivors of the crash.
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As of July 2024, American
Airlines continued to operate the Miami-Cali route, as American Airlines Flight 919 and American Airlines Flight 921, both operated by
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The lack of situational awareness of the flight crew regarding vertical navigation, proximity to terrain, and the relative location of critical radio aids
350:, and joined American Airlines in 1969. First Officer Williams had flown with the U.S. Air Force from 1979 to 1986, and joined American Airlines in 1986.
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in the UK and elsewhere around the world). The episode was broadcast with the title "Crash on the Mountain" in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Asia.
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At that time, Flight 965 mainly carried people returning to Colombia for the Christmas holiday, vacationers, and businesspeople. A winter storm in the
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1300:
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Failure of the flight crew to discontinue the approach into Cali, despite numerous cues alerting them of the inadvisability of continuing the approach
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682:
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s report also included a variety of safety-related recommendations to the involved parties (number of individual recommendations in parentheses):
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The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 757–223 registered N651AA. It was the 390th Boeing 757 built. The aircraft was powered by two
633:, which made the navigation computer database and failed to include the coordinates of Rozo under the identifier "R"; the case went to trial in
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which crashed seven weeks later with 189 fatalities. Flight 965 was the deadliest air disaster involving a U.S. carrier since the bombing of
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All U.S. registered turbine-powered aircraft capable of carrying more than six passengers built since 2002 are required to have an advanced
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Investigators later labeled the accident a nonsurvivable event, citing the impact forces and subsequent destruction of the aircraft.
388:. Cali's approach uses several radio beacons to guide pilots around the mountains and canyons that surround the city. The airplane's
3091:
2629:
2300:
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1979:
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The flight crew's failure to adequately plan and execute the approach to runway 19 at SKCL and their inadequate use of automation
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in the case was wrong in issuing a finding of fault with the pilots, a role which should have been reserved for the jury only.
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1003:"Controlled Flight Into Terrain, American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757–223, N651AA, Near Cali, Colombia, December 20, 1995"
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The U.S. government encountered difficulty while trying to distinguish Americans from non-Americans, as many passengers held
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The investigations revealed that neither the Boeing fixed-base simulator nor the flight management system simulator could be
66:
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The flight crew's execution of the ground proximity warning system escape maneuver while the speedbrakes remained deployed
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FMS-generated navigational information that used a different naming convention from that published in navigational charts
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2137:
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2018:
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1619:"Installation of Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) Approved for Part 23 Airplanes, Advisory Circular 23-18"
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An enhanced ground proximity warning system (EGPWS) that could have prevented the accident was introduced in 1996.
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from the flight plan in the aircraft FMS. When the controller asked the pilots to report passing over the Tulua
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1269:[16th ANNIVERSARY OF THE AMERICAN AIRLINES FLIGHT 965 ACCIDENT. CERRO EL DILUVIO, BUGA VALLE. Part 1].
1164:
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FMS logic that dropped all intermediate fixes from the display(s) in the event of execution of a direct routing
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437:. The stick shaker mechanically vibrates the control yoke (the "stick") to warn the flight crew of an imminent
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548:-assisted navigation became confusing and demanded an excessive workload in a critical phase of the flight
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prepared a final report of its investigation in September 1996, which was released through the U.S. NTSB.
438:
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1267:"16o ANIVERSARIO DEL ACCIDENTE DEL VUELO 965 DE AMERICAN AIRLINES. CERRO EL DILUVIO, BUGA VALLE. Parte 1"
3131:
2903:
2127:
2107:
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1989:
1778:"Investigative documentary 'American 965' opens in Los Angeles this week exposing shocking new evidence"
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80:
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1966:
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Number of survivors reported drops to 4 Finding how many Americans on board difficult, official says
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3181:
2142:
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The flight crew's ongoing efforts to expedite their approach and landing to avoid potential delays
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investigated the accident and determined it was caused by navigational errors by the flight crew.
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2132:
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2007:
1935:
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1986:
CNN Evening News for Friday, 22 December 1995 Headline: Colombia / American Airlines Plane Crash
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339:), and First Officer Williams had almost 6,000 hours, with 2,286 of them on the Boeing 757/767.
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1972:
755:
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B757 Cali Accident in the Compendium of Computer-Related Incidents with Commercial Aircraft
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283:, Colombia, around 9:40 pm killing 151 of the 155 passengers and all eight crew members.
1213:
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272:
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2192:
1872:
1523:
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Terrorism, 1992–1995: A Chronology of Events and a Selectively Annotated Bibliography
611:
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Twelve seconds before the plane hit the mountain, named El Diluvio (the Deluge), the
1985:
544:
Failure of the flight crew to revert to basic radio navigation at the time when the
3420:
2563:
2548:
1684:
1624:. Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. June 14, 2000
1356:
434:
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Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) – Honeywell Aerospace Engineering
758:
with Fact Not Fiction Films, suggests a different possible cause for the accident.
1868:
1125:
2588:
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347:
70:
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932:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 757–225 TC-GEN Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic"
336:
332:
130:
1919:) – Translation by Captain José Bestene Mattar and Maria Isabel Bobrez Orozco
1795:
1051:
105:
92:
792:
List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities
630:
509:
2014:
744:, produced by WMR Productions and IMG Entertainment, featured the accident.
417:
3415:
1957:
3442:
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
2244:
2172:
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1996:
1496:
626:
397:
84:
1726:
384:
to monitor the 757, as it had been blown up in 1992 by the terror group
1796:"Outlook – The father and daughter finding closure after a plane crash"
1008:. Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics. September 6, 1996.
1430:
Note: passenger number on NTSB summary is 156, vs. 155 on final report
2035:
1982:
interviewing Mercedes Ramirez Johnson, a survivor of AA flight 965
1926:
At least four of 164 passengers survive U.S. jet crash in Colombia
734:
677:, an insurance agent, a former professional wrestler and a former
381:
260:
1524:"Crash of American Airlines Boeing in Failure Knowledge Database"
635:
United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
385:
268:
3009:
2729:
2039:
1752:
1501:
1473:
American Airlines Ruled Guilty Of Misconduct in '95 Cali Crash
1102:
1352:"Experience: I survived a plane crash that killed 151 people"
512:
with the data obtained directly from the accident airplane's
314:
N650AA, sister ship to the aircraft involved in the accident
557:
determined that these factors contributed to the accident:
1635:
Note: Original text copied from U.S. FAA Circular AC23-18
1481:. Friday September 12, 1997. Retrieved on August 24, 2009.
740:
The 2018 episode "Disastrous Descents" of the TV series
773:
The accident is featured prominently in the 2011 novel
3447:
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
1526:. Hatamura Institute for the Advancement of Technology
3368:
2003:
Pair Who Survived a Crash Relieved to Be on Home Soil
1655:"Sec. 121.354 – Terrain awareness and warning system"
485:(NTSB), as well as other parties, including the U.S.
702:
The events of Flight 965 were featured in "Lost", a
2984:
2949:
2914:
2871:
2820:
2761:
2643:
2602:
2541:
2519:
2481:
2283:
2274:
2253:
2232:
2206:
2083:
1826:
1685:"Flight history for American Airlines flight AA921"
242:
234:
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218:
210:
202:
191:
180:
170:
162:
154:
146:
136:
126:
121:
76:
62:
54:
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2027:including a copy of the Colombian accident report.
1380:"Four Survive American Airlines Crash in Colombia"
834:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 757–223 N651AA Buga"
530:determined these probable causes of the accident:
1958:Brown professor, wife, 2 children killed in crash
1594:"Cali Crash Questions Safety of Automated Flight"
827:
825:
380:Cali's air traffic controllers had no functional
3472:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 757
1847:Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics
467:Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics
300:Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics
1947:More survivors pulled from wreckage of U.S. jet
1182:Mickolus, Edward F.; Simmons, Susan L. (1997).
638:fault, and American Airlines was 60% at fault.
396:mistakenly cleared all the programmed approach
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
3021:
2741:
2615:Association of Professional Flight Attendants
2051:
8:
3437:Aviation accidents and incidents in Colombia
2756:Aviation accidents and incidents in Colombia
1098:"American Airlines jet crashes in the Andes"
1032:
1030:
959:"American Airlines jet crashes in the Andes"
265:Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport
196:Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport
32:
1299:. SKYbrary Aviation Safety. April 5, 2021.
737:, in a 2015 episode titled "Sudden Impact".
3028:
3014:
3006:
2810:Taxi Aereo el Venado Douglas DC-4 accident
2748:
2734:
2726:
2280:
2058:
2044:
2036:
1038:"The List of the 164 People on Flight 965"
408:to slow it down and expedite its descent.
38:
31:
3477:December 1995 events in the United States
3457:American Airlines accidents and incidents
706:(2005) episode of the Canadian TV series
588:International Civil Aviation Organization
3452:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1995
1838:Pre-crash photo taken from Airliners.net
447:
309:
3375:
3292:Khabarovsk United Air Group Flight 3949
3062:Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256
2888:Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256
2802:Aerocondor Lockheed L-188 Electra crash
2015:Piamba Cortes v. American Airlines Inc.
1892:– The people who prepared them for the
1046:. Associated Press. December 23, 1995.
803:
683:NWA International Tag Team Championship
3192:Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529
3102:Air Transport International Flight 782
1823:
671:, died with his wife and two children.
271:, Colombia. On December 20, 1995, the
255:was a regularly scheduled flight from
27:1995 passenger plane crash in Colombia
3482:December 1995 events in South America
3162:Lagos Harka Air Services Tu-134 crash
1447:"Bogus parts plague airline industry"
1440:
1438:
1303:from the original on February 3, 2016
1015:from the original on January 24, 2021
747:A documentary film released in 2021,
681:(NWA) Texas Heavyweight Champion and
7:
1414:National Transportation Safety Board
1293:"B752, vicinity Cali Colombia, 1995"
1023:– via Aviation Safety Network.
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
751:, directed and produced by a former
483:National Transportation Safety Board
372:(23:35 UTC), nearly two hours late.
346:from 1963 to 1969 and served in the
44:Wreckage of N651AA at the crash site
1378:Torcha, Chris (December 22, 1995).
957:Acohido, Byron (January 18, 1996).
279:N651AA) crashed into a mountain in
2931:West Caribbean Airways Flight 9955
2031:Cockpit voice recording transcript
1936:Tearful relatives head to Colombia
1350:Dussan, Michelle (July 30, 2021).
1265:Escobar, Jaime; Restrepo, Andrés.
1210:"AOPA "Lessons from Cali" Article"
727:The accident was also featured on
619:U.S. District Judge Stanley Marcus
465:The crash was investigated by the
342:Captain Tafuri had flown with the
25:
3322:Trans Service Airlift L-188 crash
1504:. Associated Press. June 16, 1999
1445:Bajak, Frank (December 8, 1996).
1073:"Family members await crash news"
69:caused by navigational error and
3467:Colombia–United States relations
3414:
3402:
3390:
3378:
3202:Royal Air Force Nimrod MR2 XV239
3038:Aviation accidents and incidents
2710:
2709:
1997:Mercedes Ramirez Johnson website
1832:
646:terrain awareness warning system
499:Boeing Commercial Airplane Group
481:, with assistance from the U.S.
3302:Air St. Martin Beech 1900 crash
3282:Azerbaijan Airlines Flight A-56
3122:Royal Air Force Nimrod R1 XW666
2993:Caquetá Cessna Stationair crash
2845:TAMPA Colombia Boeing 707 crash
1753:"American 965 Documentary Film"
1659:Federal Aviation Administration
1572:Federal Aviation Administration
1240:Georgia Institute of Technology
816:Federal Aviation Administration
487:Federal Aviation Administration
431:ground proximity warning system
3072:Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C
2939:Centurion Air Cargo Flight 164
1322:Sider, Don (January 8, 1996).
452:Another angle of the wreckage
67:Controlled flight into terrain
1:
3272:Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701
3252:American Airlines Flight 1572
3212:Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133
3152:All Nippon Airways Flight 857
3142:Ansett New Zealand Flight 703
3082:TransAsia Airways Flight 510A
2837:Aeropesca Colombia Flight 217
2829:Aeropesca Colombia Flight 221
2636:Passenger Service Association
1909:Final Accident Report – AA965
1852:Final Accident Report – AA965
1592:Phillips, Don (May 5, 1996).
1461:– via Associated Press.
1163:. Season 2. Episode 5. 2004.
878:"Colombia air safety profile"
3342:American Airlines Flight 965
3092:Borodianka mid-air collision
2896:American Airlines Flight 965
2651:History of American Airlines
1857:Text version of final report
1492:"Cali Crash Case Overturned"
253:American Airlines Flight 965
33:American Airlines Flight 965
2778:Santa Ana air show disaster
1900:to scan photocopies of them
1169:National Geographic Channel
775:The Sound of Things Falling
679:National Wrestling Alliance
257:Miami International Airport
185:Miami International Airport
3498:
3262:Nigeria Airways Flight 357
3242:Alaska E-3 Sentry accident
2786:Avianca Douglas DC-4 crash
2158:Pacific Southwest Airlines
2113:American Overseas Airlines
938:. Flight Safety Foundation
911:. Flight Safety Foundation
884:. Flight Safety Foundation
862:AA965 Cali Accident Report
667:, a computer scientist at
18:Francisco Ferre Malaussena
3351:
3053:
2705:
2610:Allied Pilots Association
2261:American Airlines Shuttle
2073:
1831:
1641:December 1, 2017, at the
1324:"Miracle on the Mountain"
1236:"The AA965 Cali accident"
1188:. ABC-CLIO. p. 904.
608:unapproved aircraft parts
491:Allied Pilots Association
37:
1550:October 2, 2011, at the
1165:Discovery Channel Canada
842:Flight Safety Foundation
546:flight management system
390:flight management system
187:, Florida, United States
2880:SAM Colombia Flight 501
2697:Transpacific Route Case
2661:American Airlines Group
2183:Trans Caribbean Airways
936:Aviation Safety Network
909:Aviation Safety Network
882:Aviation Safety Network
838:Aviation Safety Network
812:"FAA Registry (N651AA)"
722:Air Crash Investigation
610:on the black market in
365:Northeast United States
344:United States Air Force
1568:lessonslearned.faa.gov
1126:"Cali Accident Report"
574:
551:
474:
453:
414:non-directional beacon
315:
106:3.845889°N 76.104750°W
3132:Knight Air Flight 816
2904:Air France Flight 422
2128:Lake Central Airlines
2108:America West Airlines
2098:All American Aviation
1990:Vanderbilt University
1727:"American 965 (2021)"
1410:"NTSB Report Summary"
742:Aircrash Confidential
593:American Airlines (2)
559:
532:
451:
313:
81:Buga, Valle del Cauca
3312:Banat Air Flight 166
2974:Aerosucre Flight 157
2770:Medellin plane crash
2188:Trans World Airlines
1967:The Associated Press
1953:. December 21, 1995.
1942:. December 22, 1995.
1865:Bielefeld University
1716:. December 23, 1995.
1420:on February 13, 2009
1390:on December 20, 2022
1271:Spotting in SKCL/CLO
1216:on February 14, 2006
779:Juan Gabriel Vasquez
777:by Colombian author
514:flight data recorder
479:Republic of Colombia
289:Birgenair Flight 301
111:3.845889; -76.104750
3360:► 1996
3354:1994 ◄
3332:Tower Air Flight 41
3222:Kish Air Flight 707
3182:Aviateca Flight 901
2143:MidAtlantic Airways
1980:BBC Horizon Program
1863:by Peter Ladkin of
1859:– Prepared for the
1804:, December 16, 2021
1665:on December 8, 2016
1564:"Accident Overview"
1106:. December 21, 1995
526:In its report, the
503:Rolls-Royce Engines
275:flying this route (
102: /
34:
3357:
2861:Avianca Flight 203
2853:Avianca Flight 410
2133:Marquette Airlines
2123:Executive Airlines
2103:Allegheny Airlines
2008:The New York Times
1993:Television Archive
1478:The New York Times
1471:Wald, Matthew L. "
1043:The New York Times
697:In popular culture
578:Civil Aeronautics'
454:
316:
127:Aircraft type
3366:
3365:
3003:
3002:
2966:LaMia Flight 2933
2958:AIRES Flight 8250
2723:
2722:
2681:Celebrated Living
2537:
2536:
2224:C.R. Smith Museum
2168:Piedmont Airlines
2067:American Airlines
2001:Mercer, Pamela. "
1956:Dewar, Steuart. "
1934:Zarrella, John. "
1881:Archive of Alt #2
1843:
1842:
1782:Los Angeles Issue
1598:Los Angeles Times
1297:www.skybrary.aero
1195:978-0-313-30468-2
964:The Seattle Times
865:Aeronautica Civil
768:BBC World Service
691:dual citizenships
555:Civil Aeronautics
553:In addition, the
528:Civil Aeronautics
521:Civil Aeronautics
495:American Airlines
475:Aeronáutica Civil
439:aerodynamic stall
320:Rolls-Royce RB211
293:Pan Am Flight 103
250:
249:
141:American Airlines
58:December 20, 1995
16:(Redirected from
3489:
3462:1995 in Colombia
3419:
3418:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3358:
3172:Airstan incident
3112:TAROM Flight 371
3048:
3047:
3045:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
2996:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2794:Avianca Flight 4
2789:
2781:
2773:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2713:
2712:
2594:George A. Spater
2579:Thomas W. Horton
2281:
2178:Simmons Airlines
2060:
2053:
2046:
2037:
1973:Brown University
1907:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1723:
1717:
1714:Associated Press
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1661:. Archived from
1651:
1645:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
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1554:
1542:
1536:
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1520:
1514:
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1511:
1509:
1488:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1416:. Archived from
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1386:. Archived from
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:on June 16, 2007
1242:. Archived from
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1212:. Archived from
1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:sunnyday.mit.edu
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1094:
1088:
1087:
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1063:
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1034:
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1024:
1022:
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1014:
1007:
999:
976:
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973:
971:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
873:
867:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
829:
820:
819:
808:
730:Why Planes Crash
720:in the U.S. and
669:Brown University
665:Paris Kanellakis
653:Boeing 737 MAX 8
376:Going off-course
198:, Cali, Colombia
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
42:
35:
21:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:MIAT Flight 557
3229:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3185:
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3179:
3175:
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3169:
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3159:
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3149:
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3139:
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3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3105:
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3099:
3095:
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3089:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2980:
2976:(December 2016)
2972:
2968:(November 2016)
2964:
2956:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2923:TAME Flight 120
2921:
2910:
2902:
2898:(December 1995)
2894:
2886:
2878:
2867:
2863:(November 1989)
2859:
2851:
2847:(December 1983)
2843:
2835:
2827:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2788:(February 1947)
2784:
2776:
2768:
2757:
2754:
2724:
2719:
2701:
2666:AMR Corporation
2639:
2598:
2574:Robert Crandall
2559:Albert V. Casey
2554:Donald J. Carty
2533:
2521:
2515:
2483:
2477:
2285:
2270:
2249:
2228:
2202:
2163:Parks Air Lines
2153:Ozark Air Lines
2148:Mohawk Airlines
2118:Empire Airlines
2085:
2079:
2069:
2064:
2011:. May 19, 1996.
1905:
1833:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1784:. July 9, 2021.
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1757:american965.com
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1643:Wayback Machine
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1612:
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1552:Wayback Machine
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1016:
1012:
1005:
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1000:
979:
969:
967:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
930:Ranter, Harro.
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
903:Ranter, Harro.
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:Ranter, Harro.
875:
874:
870:
860:
856:
846:
844:
832:Ranter, Harro.
831:
830:
823:
810:
809:
805:
800:
788:
753:British Airways
699:
661:
603:
463:
427:
378:
361:
356:
328:
308:
155:ICAO flight No.
147:IATA flight No.
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3320:
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3307:
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3257:
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3250:
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3210:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2925:(January 2002)
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2890:(January 1995)
2884:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2812:(January 1976)
2806:
2798:
2796:(January 1966)
2790:
2782:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2730:
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2640:
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2571:
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2538:
2535:
2534:
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2523:
2517:
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2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
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2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2445:
2440:
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2343:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2266:American Eagle
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Air California
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2012:
1999:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1894:World Wide Web
1887:
1861:World Wide Web
1841:
1840:
1829:
1828:
1827:External image
1821:
1820:External links
1818:
1815:
1814:
1787:
1769:
1744:
1718:
1701:
1676:
1646:
1610:
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1194:
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784:
783:
782:
771:
759:
745:
738:
725:
698:
695:
687:
686:
672:
660:
659:Notable deaths
657:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
585:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
550:
549:
542:
539:
536:
462:
459:
426:
423:
377:
374:
360:
357:
355:
354:Flight history
352:
327:
324:
307:
304:
298:The Colombian
273:Boeing 757-200
263:, Florida, to
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
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182:
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168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
131:Boeing 757–223
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
78:
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3494:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3409:United States
3400:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3052:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:(August 2010)
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:(August 1981)
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2804:(August 1973)
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:Organizations
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
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2544:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:December 2001
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
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2193:Trump Shuttle
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1689:Flightradar24
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1453:. pp. A9
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718:Air Disasters
715:
714:Air Emergency
711:
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684:
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676:
675:Benny Ramírez
673:
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584:U.S. FAA (17)
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461:Investigation
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181:Flight origin
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79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3341:
2933:(March 2005)
2906:(April 1998)
2895:
2855:(March 1988)
2839:(March 1982)
2679:
2674:American Way
2672:
2564:O. Roy Chalk
2549:Gerard Arpey
2447:
2336:October 1943
2086:acquisitions
2006:
1988:
1971:
1970:, posted at
1965:
1950:
1939:
1929:
1906:(in Spanish)
1808:December 28,
1806:, retrieved
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1762:December 28,
1760:. Retrieved
1756:
1747:
1738:December 28,
1736:, retrieved
1730:
1721:
1713:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:the original
1649:
1626:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1450:
1429:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1404:
1394:December 20,
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1383:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:The Guardian
1355:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1327:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1273:(in Spanish)
1270:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
1230:
1220:February 14,
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1204:
1184:
1177:
1158:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1041:
1017:. Retrieved
968:. Retrieved
962:
952:
940:. Retrieved
935:
925:
913:. Retrieved
908:
905:"Boeing 757"
898:
886:. Retrieved
881:
871:
857:
845:. Retrieved
837:
815:
806:
774:
761:
749:American 965
748:
741:
728:
721:
717:
713:
707:
688:
650:
643:
640:
624:
616:
604:
596:
577:
575:
554:
552:
527:
525:
520:
518:
507:
464:
455:
443:
435:stick shaker
428:
410:
406:speed brakes
394:
379:
362:
341:
329:
317:
297:
285:
277:registration
252:
251:
172:Registration
166:AMERICAN 965
97:76°06′17.1″W
29:
2941:(July 2008)
2780:(July 1938)
2772:(June 1935)
2762:Before 1980
2626:Association
2589:C. R. Smith
2584:Doug Parker
2529:Flight 5966
2511:Flight 5456
2506:Flight 5452
2501:Flight 4184
2496:Flight 3379
2491:Flight 3378
2473:Flight 6780
2468:Flight 6001
2463:Flight 1572
2458:Flight 1502
2453:Flight 1420
2387:Flight 383
2084:Mergers and
1917:Alt Archive
1898:Deskscan II
1884:Alt Archive
1457:December 8,
1451:Sunday News
1277:October 31,
942:February 1,
915:February 1,
888:February 1,
847:February 1,
348:Vietnam War
192:Destination
109: /
94:3°50′45.2″N
71:pilot error
3431:Categories
2995:(May 2023)
2882:(May 1993)
2687:Reservisor
2569:E. L. Cord
2522:Connection
2448:Flight 965
2443:Flight 924
2438:Flight 910
2433:Flight 723
2428:Flight 711
2423:Flight 625
2418:Flight 587
2413:Flight 514
2408:Flight 476
2403:Flight 444
2383:Flight 331
2378:Flight 320
2373:Flight 293
2368:Flight 191
2363:Flight 157
2358:Flight 102
2327:Flight 63
2313:Flight 009
2240:AAdvantage
2207:Facilities
2198:US Airways
1890:Appendices
1801:BBC Sounds
1508:August 30,
1019:January 4,
798:References
704:season-two
655:aircraft.
510:backdriven
333:Boeing 757
227:Fatalities
211:Passengers
2634:Teamsters
2353:Flight 96
2348:Flight 77
2331:July 1943
2323:Flight 28
2318:Flight 11
2292:Flight 1
2276:Incidents
2219:AA Center
1530:April 15,
1424:March 29,
1250:March 29,
1082:March 29,
1052:0362-4331
631:Honeywell
617:In 1997,
601:Aftermath
477:) of the
398:waypoints
359:Departure
322:engines.
295:in 1988.
243:Survivors
203:Occupants
163:Call sign
3397:Colombia
3385:Aviation
2715:Category
2520:American
2482:American
2308:Flight 2
2286:Airlines
2284:American
2245:AAirpass
2233:Programs
2214:AA Arena
2173:Reno Air
2138:MetroJet
2076:Oneworld
1694:June 16,
1639:Archived
1603:June 16,
1577:June 16,
1548:Archived
1497:CBS News
1363:July 30,
1335:June 22,
1307:June 14,
1301:Archived
1157:"Lost".
1010:Archived
786:See also
712:(called
627:Jeppesen
425:Accident
306:Aircraft
235:Injuries
137:Operator
122:Aircraft
85:Colombia
50:Accident
3371:Portals
3042: (
3040:in 1995
2644:Related
2019:Archive
1962:Archive
1913:Archive
1877:Archive
1384:AP NEWS
1135:May 30,
763:Outlook
756:captain
471:Spanish
63:Summary
3338:Dec 20
3328:Dec 20
3318:Dec 18
3308:Dec 13
3258:Nov 13
3248:Nov 12
3238:Sep 22
3228:Sep 21
3218:Sep 19
3208:Sep 15
3188:Aug 21
3158:Jun 24
3148:Jun 21
3128:May 24
3118:May 16
3108:Mar 31
3098:Feb 16
3088:Feb 10
3078:Jan 30
3068:Jan 19
3058:Jan 11
2542:People
2254:Brands
2078:member
1873:Alt #2
1669:May 4,
1628:May 4,
1329:People
1192:
1160:Mayday
1110:May 6,
1057:May 6,
1050:
970:May 6,
709:Mayday
501:, and
418:Bogotá
176:N651AA
158:AAL965
3421:1990s
3298:Dec 7
3288:Dec 7
3278:Dec 5
3268:Dec 3
3198:Sep 2
3178:Aug 9
3168:Aug 3
3138:Jun 9
2985:2020s
2950:2010s
2915:2000s
2872:1990s
2821:1980s
2692:Sabre
2656:Fleet
2484:Eagle
1896:used
1622:(PDF)
1013:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
735:MSNBC
382:radar
261:Miami
150:AA965
3044:1995
2396:2016
2391:1965
2301:1962
2296:1941
1810:2021
1764:2021
1740:2021
1732:IMDb
1696:2020
1671:2020
1630:2020
1605:2020
1579:2020
1532:2011
1510:2009
1459:2021
1426:2008
1396:2022
1365:2021
1337:2009
1309:2021
1279:2015
1252:2008
1222:2006
1190:ISBN
1137:2019
1112:2009
1084:2008
1059:2009
1048:ISSN
1021:2020
972:2009
944:2019
917:2019
890:2019
849:2019
766:, a
716:and
629:and
576:The
519:The
386:FARC
326:Crew
281:Buga
269:Cali
219:Crew
77:Site
55:Date
2630:CWA
2624:IAM
2620:TWU
2005:."
1964:).
1960:" (
1951:CNN
1949:,"
1940:CNN
1938:,"
1930:CNN
1928:,"
1869:Alt
1712:."
1502:CBS
1475:."
1103:CNN
1077:CNN
733:on
590:(3)
402:VOR
370:EST
337:767
267:in
259:in
230:159
214:155
206:163
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1167:/
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1128:.
1100:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
