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479:
In those five years he examined with great curiosity all the documents relating to the
Mexican nation that had been collected in large numbers in the Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, and with great determination extracted from them precious treasures that later were published in the history he left
498:. Clavijero followed SigĂĽenza as an example in his investigations, and was very pleased with SigĂĽenza's benevolence to and love of the Indians. He also admired much of the culture of the Indians before their contact with Europeans. Clavijero never ceased to try to read the logograms in the codices.
488:
having completely shaken off the yoke of obedience, responding with an "I don't want to" to those who assigned you duties, as occurred yesterday, or at the very least this answer was given to the superior, who in truth did not know what path to take so that Your
Reverence would fulfill and embrace
338:
From the time of his boyhood, he had occasion to deal intimately with the indigenous people, to learn thoroughly their customs and nature, and to investigate attentively the many special things the land produces, be they plants, animals or minerals. There was no high mountain, dark cave, pleasant
591:
He worked for years on his history, consulting
Italian libraries and corresponding with friends in Mexico who answered his questions by consulting the original works there. Finally his work was ready. It consisted of ten volumes containing the narrative of Mexican culture from before the Spanish
567:
In Italy he devoted his time to his historical investigations. Although he no longer had access to the Aztec codices, the reference works, and the accounts of the first
Spanish conquistadors, he retained in his memory the information from his earlier studies. He was able to write the work he had
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596:
in 1780-81, and was received by scholars with great satisfaction. It was soon translated into
English and German. It was also translated back into Spanish, and went through numerous editions in Mexico. Much later (1945) the original was published in Spanish.
489:
your duty. Relocating you is hardly a solution, and Your
Reverence's life and example have provided no satisfaction, almost completely removing the unique purpose of those who live in this college, and handing over to others jobs and studies that you fill.
493:
It seems clear that these "other jobs and studies" of Father
Clavijero referred to the Aztec codices and the books of the period of the Conquest that had been given to the college of San Pedro and San Pablo by
509:), to teach philosophy in the seminary there. More of a rationalist in philosophy than his predecessors, he was an innovator in the field. Good work in Valladolid got him promoted to the same position in
716:
On August 5, 1970, the remains of Father
Clavijero were repatriated to Veracruz, the place of his birth. They were received with the honors due to an illustrious son. He is now interred in the
672:
and others. English translations were published in San
Francisco in 1864 and in Los Angeles in 1938. This is a forerunner of modern historical scholarship, with much attention to sources.
588:. This work revealed to Clavijero the extent of European ignorance about the nature and culture of pre-Columbian Americans, and spurred his work to show the true history of Mexico.
484:
Nevertheless, his time at San
Gregorio was not without problems. In a letter dated April 3, 1761, Father Pedro Reales, vicar general of the Jesuits, rebuked him in a letter for
634:. Clavijero's work is seen today as overly sentimental and unreliable, but it is still read by many historians who seek detailed information about early American daily life.
592:
conquest. The original manuscript was in Spanish, but Father Clavijero translated it into Italian, with the help of some of his Italian friends. The book was published at
54:
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In contrast to many of his contemporaries, Clavijero promoted a view of the Indigenous as peaceful and good, while heavily criticizing the actions of the Spanish
1020:
888:
709:
Father Francisco Javier Clavijero died in Bologna April 2, 1787, at 4 in the afternoon. He was 56 years of age. He did not live to see the publication of
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by European monarchs in the late eighteenth century, the Jesuits were expelled from all the Spanish dominations on June 25, 1767, on orders of King
995:
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400:. In 1751 he was sent back to Puebla for further studies in philosophy. Here he was introduced to the works of such contemporary thinkers as
965:
505:, also dedicated to the education of Indian youth. He taught there for three years. In 1764 he was transferred again, to Valladolid (now
955:
801:
455:. Later he was appointed to the chair of rhetoric in the Seminario Mayor of the Jesuits, an exceptional appointment as he had yet to be
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valley, spring, brook, or any other place that drew his curiosity to which the Indians did not take the boy to in order to please him.
818:
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Schools, libraries, botanical gardens, avenues and parks throughout the Republic of Mexico have been named for him, including:
819:"The beginnings of anthropological archaeology in the North American Southwest: from Thomas Jefferson to the Pecos Conference"
475:, founded at the beginning of the colonial era to teach Indian youth. He spent five years there. Quoting from his biographer:
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648:, Venice, 1789. Four volumes. This is a summary of the works of the Jesuit missionaries in Baja California, including
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Many letters, essays and dissertations dealing with Mexican culture, natural science, philosophy, and other subjects.
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He began his studies in Puebla, at the college of San JerĂłnimo for grammar and the Jesuit college of San Ignacio for
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Historiadores mexicanos del siglo XVIII. Estudios historiográficos sobre Clavijero, Veytia, Cavo y Alegre
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of the eighteenth century". While still a student, he began teaching, and was made
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Nacionalismo incipiente en los historiadores coloniales. Estudio historigráfico
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Posterity will judge, from the works that he left, how great was Clavijero.
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In 1754, Clavijero was ordained a priest. He began to teach at the
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American Enlightenments: Pursuing Happiness in the Age of Reason
419:, to complete his theological and philosophical studies at the
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846:, on behalf of The Southwest Center, U. of Arizona: 121–234.
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Ronan, Charles E. "Francisco Javier Clavigero, 1731-1787" in
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Father Juan Luis Maneiro, his friend, coworker and biographer
360:. Upon completion of these studies, he entered a seminary in
806:. Part 2. University of Texas Press 1973, pp. 276–297.
873:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 73–109.'
423:. Here he joined with other students of stature, including
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BiobibliografĂa del historiador Francisco Javier Clavijero
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The expulsion of the Jesuits and Clavijero's work in Italy
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Clavijero was transferred to the Colegio de San Javier in
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Frutos en que comercia o puede comerciar la Nueva España
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Fondo de Cultura EconĂłmica - Francisco Javier Clavijero
513:. It was in Guadalajara that he finished his treatise
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Priestly vows, teaching, and historical investigations
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Philosophical Investigations Concerning the Americans
521:, sets out his scientific and philosophical thought.
376:. There he continued to study Latin and also learned
541:. When Clavijero left the colony, he went first to
244:; September 9, 1731 – April 2, 1787) was a Mexican
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307:growing up. The family lived at various times in
303:presence, and because of this Clavijero learned
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
817:Wilcox, David R.; Don D. Fowler (Spring 2002).
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101: and the second or maternal family name is
901:Complete digital facsimiles of volumes 1-4 of
443:, part of a group known today as the "Mexican
8:
130:19th century imagined depiction of Clavijero
641:, Father Clavijero published these works:
107:
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
720:in the Pantheon Dolores in Mexico City.
711:Historia de la Antigua o Baja California
646:Historia de la Antigua o Baja California
256:, where he wrote a valuable work on the
869:. "The Civilization of the Aztecs," in
584:came to his attention. It was entitled
553:, where he lived the rest of his life.
609:Title page of Italian 1780 edition of
563:(1780. Shown here in a modern edition)
742:Biblioteca Francisco Xavier Clavigero
7:
822:(unpaginated online reproduction by
687:A history of the apparitions of the
234:Francisco Javier Clavijero Echegaray
140:Francisco Javier Clavijero Echegaray
802:Handbook of Middle American Indians
580:). In Italy a work by the Prussian
533:in Spanish America and the general
1021:Jesuits expelled from the Americas
804:, Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources
718:Rotonda de los Personajes Ilustres
295:mother. His father worked for the
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986:Italian people of Mexican descent
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941:18th-century Mexican historians
771:"Clavijero, Francisco Javier".
545:, Italy, but soon relocated to
912:collection on Internet Archive
195:Rotunda of Illustrious Persons
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996:Historians of Baja California
981:18th-century Mesoamericanists
976:Novohispanic Mesoamericanists
639:La Historia Antigua de MĂ©xico
619:begins with a description of
617:La Historia Antigua de MĂ©xico
570:La Historia Antigua de MĂ©xico
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260:history and civilizations of
1011:18th-century Mexican writers
496:Carlos de SigĂĽenza y GĂłngora
421:Colegio de San Pedro y Pablo
93:, the first or paternal
966:People from Veracruz (city)
910:John Carter Brown Library's
844:University of Arizona Press
744:, a private library of the
415:Clavijero was then sent to
242:Francesco Saverio Clavigero
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956:History of Baja California
775:, v. 3. Mexico City, 1987.
756:Clavijero Botanical Garden
746:Universidad Iberoamericana
561:Historia Antigua de MĂ©xico
535:suppression of the Jesuits
115:Francisco Javier Clavijero
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1016:18th-century male writers
971:Historians of Mesoamerica
904:Storia antica del Messico
611:Storia antica del Messico
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835:Journal of the Southwest
453:Colegio de San Ildefonso
330:Clavijero's biographer,
32:This article includes a
792:González, VĂctor Rico,
666:Francisco MarĂa Piccolo
517:, which, together with
473:Colegio de San Gregorio
433:Francisco Javier Alegre
61:more precise citations.
773:Enciclopedia de MĂ©xico
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658:Eusebio Francisco Kino
654:Juan MarĂa Salvatierra
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248:teacher, scholar and
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682:Cursus philosophicus
676:Physica particularis
519:Cursus Philosophicus
515:Physica Particularis
689:Virgin of Guadalupe
867:Winterer, Caroline
785:Grajales, Gloria,
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441:Pedro José Márquez
425:José Rafael Campoy
34:list of references
582:Cornelius de Pauw
568:always intended,
437:Juan Luis Maneiro
364:to study for the
332:Juan Luis Maneiro
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174:(1787-04-02)
172:2 April 1787
112:The Reverend
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91:Spanish name
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53:Please help
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931:1787 deaths
926:1731 births
750:Mexico City
539:Charles III
511:Guadalajara
429:Andrés Cavo
417:Mexico City
370:Tepotzotlán
262:Mesoamerica
238:Italianized
209:Occupations
199:Mexico City
59:introducing
920:Categories
766:References
625:Cuauhtémoc
386:Portuguese
366:priesthood
350:philosophy
323:region of
317:Jamiltepec
301:indigenous
146:1731-09-09
852:0894-8410
601:His works
445:humanists
402:Descartes
344:Education
334:, wrote:
319:, in the
309:Teziutlán
268:altiplano
250:historian
224:historian
158:New Spain
103:Echegaray
99:Clavijero
860:79456398
697:. Essay.
678:. Essay.
457:ordained
358:theology
281:Veracruz
264:and the
154:Veracruz
89:In this
67:May 2014
908:in the
894:At the
796:, 1949.
789:, 1961.
782:, 1931.
621:Anáhuac
547:Bologna
543:Ferrara
507:Morelia
451:of the
449:prefect
410:Leibniz
398:English
390:Italian
305:Nahuatl
293:Criolla
289:Spanish
221:scholar
218:teacher
180:Bologna
95:surname
55:improve
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760:Xalapa
705:Legacy
594:Cesena
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503:Puebla
461:priest
408:, and
406:Newton
396:, and
394:German
382:French
356:, and
325:Oaxaca
321:Mixtec
313:Puebla
285:Mexico
246:Jesuit
215:Priest
203:Mexico
748:, in
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459:as a
354:Latin
287:to a
275:Youth
254:Italy
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856:OCLC
848:ISSN
824:Gale
808:ISBN
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169:Died
136:Born
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