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641:. He also modernized the Paraguayan Army with the novelties he acquired in Europe, adopting the French Code and the Prussian System of military organization (receiving some praise for this innovation many years later). His diplomatic work also included organizing a project to build a new railroad and efforts to establish a French émigré colony in Paraguay. He installed the first electric telegraph in South America. López also became a great admirer of the
932:, which stipulated that they should unitedly pursue war with Paraguay until the existing government of Paraguay was overthrown and "until no arms or elements of war should be left to it". This agreement was literally carried out. This treaty also stipulated that more than half of the Paraguayan territories would be conquered by the Allies after the war. The treaty, when made public, caused international outrage and voices rose in favour of Paraguay.
2353:
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1941:
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1119:
826:, another leader whose country was frequently menaced by the various intrigues of the continent's two great powers. Berro and López would quickly conclude an alliance and López would begin a massive expansion and reorganization of the Paraguayan military, introducing mandatory military service for all men along with other reforms.
870:. The besieged Uruguayans repeatedly asked for military assistance from their Paraguayan allies against the Brazilian-backed rebels. López manifested his support for Aguirre's government via a letter to Brazil, in which he said that any occupation of Uruguayan lands by Brazil would be considered an attack on Paraguay.
839:
1036:
The
Brazilian force reached the camp on 1 March. During the battle that ensued, López was separated from the remainder of his army and was accompanied by only his aide and a couple of officers. He had been wounded with a spear in the stomach and hit with a sword in the side of his head and so was too
1164:
named an
Argentinean unit, the 2nd Armored Artillery Group, after Marshal Francisco Solano López. During the ceremony, the national anthems of both nations were sung and high-ranking officers of both armies were present. The Chief of the Argentine Army gave a speech at the event in which he stated:
1032:
with the remaining officers of his general staff in order to decide the course of action for the upcoming battle: whether they should escape into the rainforest hill range or stay and make a stand against the attackers. The council decided to stay and end the war once and for all by fighting to the
982:
In 1868, when the allies were pressing him hard, he convinced himself that his
Paraguayan supporters had actually formed a conspiracy against his life. Thereupon, several hundred prominent Paraguayan citizens were seized and executed by his order, including his brothers and brothers-in-law, cabinet
1012:
on 14 February 1870. Two detachments were sent in pursuit of Solano López, who was accompanied by 200 men in the forests in the north, where he received news of the considerable
Brazilian forces that were closing in on him. This caused some of the officials who were still with López to abandon him
1182:
Marshal López inspired in his men a spirit and love for their land which made them prefer to die rather than surrendering. He is an example of what a leader is, a driver, a man who knows how to reach to his people. I am sure that the men of this artillery group will take the example of this brave
1169:
Talking about the
Paraguayan Army and the Argentine Army is talking of one and the same thing. Today, in the Argentine army, honored by the visit of Paraguay's Army Commandant, we are working intensely in fulfilling the dream of the fathers of our nation. Of those men who wanted to build a great
978:
was still to be carried out, a condition which López refused. Regardless of López's refusal, a peace treaty was not something Mitre could guarantee except on the terms of article VI of the treaty which stated that "The allies pledge themselves solemnly not to lay down their arms unless by common
1129:
On 1 March, a national holiday in
Paraguay, "Día de los Héroes" (Heroes' Day) is held in honour of López's memory. It is the most important holiday in the country after Independence Day. López is still considered to be the greatest Paraguayan national hero, and his remains are located at the
908:
The
Paraguayan Congress, summoned by López, bestowed him the title of "Marshal-President" of the Paraguayan Armies (an equivalent of Grand Marshal, he was the only Paraguayan who gained that rank in his own lifetime) and gave him extraordinary war powers. On 13 April 1865, he declared war on
821:
López wanted
Paraguay to compete with the continent's major powers in the struggle for spoils and regional dominance. In pursuit of this goal, López sought to organize the region's smaller nations into a political coalition designed to offset the power and influence of the Brazilians and the
885:
and took possession of the province and its diamond mines, together with an immense quantity of arms and ammunition, including enough gunpowder to last the whole
Paraguayan Army for at least a year of active war. However, Paraguayan forces could not or would not seize the capital city of
1007:
Allied troops captured the
Paraguayan capital city of Asunción on 1 January 1869, forcing López and what remained of his army and government to flee to the countryside. By late 1869, López was at last driven with a handful of troops to the northern frontier of Paraguay. He arrived at
1908:
Bealer, Lewis W. "Francisco Solano Lopez, 'A Dictator Run Amuck'" (Chapter Twelve, pp. 154–172) in South American Dictators During the First Century of Independence, edited by A. Curtis Wilgus (George Washington University Press, 1937; reissued by Russell & Russell Inc.,
809:
in foreign affairs that was favoured by previous Paraguayan leaders. López instead embarked on a more activist approach to international policy. He had, as his great ambition, to position Paraguay as a credible "third force" in the ongoing rivalry between Argentina and the
979:
accord, nor until they have overthrown the present Government of Paraguay, nor to treat with the enemy separately, nor sign any Treaty of peace, truce, armistice, or Convention whatsoever for putting an end or suspending the war, unless by a perfect agreement of all".
1067:
There is a debate within Paraguay as to whether he was a fearless leader who led his troops to the end or whether he foolishly led Paraguay into a war that it could never win and nearly eliminated the country from the map. The debate was not helped by the
1044:, ("I die with my nation!"), tried to attack Câmara with his sword. Câmara ordered him to be disarmed, but López died during the struggle with the soldiers who were trying to disarm him. This incident marked the end of the war of the Triple Alliance.
1193:, a newspaper founded by Bartolomé Mitre, said under the headline "Absurd tribute to a dictator", "Naming a military unit after the dictator who trampled on the flag is as absurd as if France or Poland called one of their regiments 'Adolf Hitler'".
829:
Under López, Paraguay grew to possess one of the best-trained but ill-equipped military in the region. He bought new weapons from France and England but they failed to arrive because of the blockade imposed by the allies when the war broke out.
954:
The war which ensued, lasting until 1 March 1870, was carried on with great stubbornness and with alternating fortunes, though López's disasters steadily increased. His first major setback came on 11 June 1865, when the powerless
534:
From one perspective, his ambitions were the main reason for the outbreak of the war while other arguments maintain he was a fierce champion of the independence of South American nations against foreign rule and interests. He was
606:, Solano López was appointed commander-in-chief of Paraguayan forces stationed along the Argentine frontier. He pursued his early military studies in Rio de Janeiro and Asunción, specializing in fortifications and artillery.
983:
ministers, judges, prefects, military officers, bishops and priests, and nine-tenths of the civil officers, together with more than two hundred foreigners, among them several members of the diplomatic legations (the
609:
1274:
Charles A. Washburn: "The history of Paraguay, with notes of personal observations, and reminiscences of diplomacy under difficulties"; Boston: Lee & Shepard; New York, Lee, Shepard, and Dillingham,
1014:
974:. López believed that the time was right to treat for peace and was ready to sign a peace treaty with the Allies. No agreement was reached though since Mitre's conditions were that every article of the
3342:
1052:
2717:
1498:
Peter A. Schmitt: "Paraguay und Europa. Die diplomatischen Beziehungen unter Carlos Antonio Lopez und Francisco Solano Lopez 1841–1870"; Berlin: Colloquium Verl. 1963. 366 S., 12 S. Abb. 8°
905:. By this time the Brazilians had managed to successfully topple Aguirre and install their ally Venancio Flores as president, rendering Uruguay little more than a Brazilian puppet state.
508:. After the downfall of Rosas, he became Ambassador of Paraguay, as Minister Plenipotentiary, in several European countries from 1853 to 1855. At his return to Asunción, he was appointed
1040:
While López was alone with his aide, General Câmara arrived along with six soldiers and approached him, calling on him to surrender and guaranteeing his life. López refused and shouting
1298:
3337:
1110:
Marshal López died profoundly convinced that, along with him, the independence of Paraguay would disappear. He acquired this conviction upon learning that the allies had organized in
881:, who was on board. In the following month (December 1864) López formally declared war on Brazil and dispatched a force to invade Mato Grosso. The force seized and sacked the town of
1689:
George Thompson: "The War in Paraguay: With a Historical Sketch of the Country and Its People and Notes Upon the Military Engineering of the War"; Longmans, Green, and Company, 1869
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1079:
Conversely, he is considered by some Latin Americans as a champion for the rights of smaller nations against the imperialism of more powerful neighbours. For example,
1956:
1576:
987:). During this time, he also had his 70-year-old mother flogged and ordered her execution because she revealed to him that he had been born out of wedlock.
2584:
1961:
622:
1241:
Esposito, Gabriele (2019): «The Paraguayan War 1864–1870: The Triple Alliance at Stake in la Plata», p. 20. Londres, Gran Bretaña: Bloomsbury Publishing.
993:, who worked as a nurse in the war, had been enslaved by López; for her fighting and rallying of soldiers, she was nicknamed "the American Joan of Arc".
754:
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Construcción de identidades, imaginarios y representaciones en el "Álbum Grafico de la República del Paraguay" : La creación de una idea de nación
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1851:
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At the end of the ceremony, the Paraguayan Army Commandant presented the unit with a portrait of López. Commenting, a leader in the Buenos Aires
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in Asunción. It is customary in Asunción that when something historically worth celebrating happens (such as the victory of the former President
850:—which did not have friendly relations with Paraguay—began providing military and political support to an incipient rebellion in Uruguay led by
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a "temporary government" made up of the Paraguayans who had taken arms against their government and fought for the Triple Alliance army.
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weak to walk by himself. They led him to the Aquidabangui stream, and there they left him on the pretext of getting reinforcements.
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ships attempting to pressure his father into releasing a British citizen from prison. The British consul who ordered the action was
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967:, which gave the Allies control over the various waterways surrounding Paraguay and forced López to withdraw from Argentina.
758:
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Hendrik Kraay, Thomas Whigham: "I Die with My Country: Perspectives on the Paraguayan War, 1864–1870"; Nebraska Press, 2004
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When Brazil did not heed the letter and invaded Uruguay on 12 October 1864, López seized the Brazilian merchant steamer
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and internal development adopted by his predecessors. However, he broke sharply with the traditional policy of strict
613:
Brigadier General Francisco Solano López, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Republic of Paraguay
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637:. He purchased large quantities of arms and military supplies, together with several steamers, on behalf of the
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917:, instituted a provisional government of his Argentine partisans, and announced that Paraguay had annexed
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There is an ongoing debate in Paraguay among historians on López's final words. The two versions are "
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1142:), people flock with their flags to the street in front of the Pantheon and celebrate the event.
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1852:"Bautizan unidad militar Argentina en honor al prócer paraguayo Mariscal Francisco Solano López"
1220:
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The last known picture of Solano López, taken by photographer Domenico Parodi, c. 1870.
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as the second president of Paraguay. Solano López is the only Paraguayan ruler to have been
419:
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2035:
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Washburn, Charles A. "History of Paraguay" Lee and Shepard, Publishers. 1871. Vol II p. 9.
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1080:
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294:
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in the harbour of Asunción, and imprisoned the Brazilian governor of the province of
618:
1749:
897:, yet when he requested permission from Argentina to cross onto its soil, President
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in defending Paraguay as "the only country that foreign capital had not deformed".
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1332:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Asunción, Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nizza. p. 59.
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1123:
1098:" ("I die with my nation"). (The latter may have been based on the testament of
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1979:
1965:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 990–991.
1922:
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Paraguayan soldier and will be deemed worthy of the name their unit carries.
649:. López later equipped his army with uniforms designed to match those of the
2290:
2003:
671:
663:
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of his father Carlos, and then assumed the presidency when his father died.
501:
1345:
Francisco Solano López and the Ruination of Paraguay: Honor and Egocentrism
893:
López next intended to send troops to Uruguay to support the government of
887:
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and approach the allied force, under the command of the Brazilian General
2898:
2230:
1111:
633:. López went on to spend over a year and a half in Europe, most of it in
587:
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202:
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Solano López returned from Europe in 1855 and his father appointed him
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It was also during his time in France that Solano López met a Parisian
482:
322:
62:
42:
1017:, which they readily joined as scouts in order to lead them to López.
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After taking office, López opted to continue most of the policies of
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and it was said that he also ordered for himself an exact replica of
626:
570:
2199:
1946:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1713:
Cardozo, Efrain"Breve Historia del Paraguay"El Lector. 1996. p. 87
1144:
1117:
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945:
928:
On 1 May 1865, Brazil joined Argentina and Uruguay in signing the
837:
792:
634:
608:
555:
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history, particularly because of the Paraguayan War, known in the
481:. He is one of only two Paraguayans to have received the rank of
1347:. Lanham, Boulder, New York: Rowman and Littlefield. p. 1.
2868:
2203:
901:
refused to allow the Paraguayan force to cross the intervening
708:, who adopted a far less aggressive tone compared to Christie.
670:, and brought her with him back to Paraguay. There she was his
2013:
To the Bitter End: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance
1625:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1606:
1371:
To the Bitter End: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance
726:
822:
Argentines. López found an eager ally in Uruguayan President
692:
In November 1859, López was on board the Paraguayan steamer
469:
between 1862 and 1870, of which he served mostly during the
1892:
Testimonios de la Guerra Grande: Muerte del mariscal López
1697:
1695:
1640:
1638:
1481:
1479:
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in 1827, or according to other sources, 1826. His father,
1821:, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1973, 1997, pp 188–189.
109:
10 September 1862 – 1 March 1870
1972:
Proceso a los falsificadores de la historia del Paraguay
1829:
1827:
1763:
1761:
1748:
Delvalle, Acosta; Carolina, Yessica (18 December 2019).
353:
of the Paraguayan Army in the Paraguayan War (1864–1870)
1595:
TRATADO DE LAS PUNTAS DEL ROSARIO (Guerra del Paraguay)
1846:
1844:
1842:
500:
in the sporadic hostilities sustained by Paraguay and
438:
Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of Paraguay
30:
For the Argentine comics artist of the same name, see
1156:
in front of a portrait of Solano López, February 2024
586:
in 1841 following the death of the nation's longtime
433:
Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ of the Holy See
2103:
Francisco Solano López and the Ruination of Paraguay
1489:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1988.
1485:
Hanratty, Dannin M. and Meditz, Sandra W., editors.
1083:
argues that he and his father continued the work of
909:
Argentina, seizing two Argentine war vessels in the
711:
With his father's death in 1862, López convened the
3343:
Paraguayan military personnel of the Paraguayan War
2740:
2683:
2612:
2538:
2477:
2421:
2360:
2241:
1915:
Solano López: soldado de la gloria y del infortunio
1528:] (in Czech). Praha: Metafora. pp. 29–30.
414:
Commander of the Imperial Order of Christ of Brazil
407:
359:
343:Commander of the Paraguayan Expeditionary Force in
335:Commander of the Paraguayan Expeditionary Force in
329:
308:
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290:
282:
277:
265:
245:
235:
225:
208:
185:
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150:
138:
124:
94:
60:
1330:Solano López: soldado de la gloria y el infortunio
1957:Lopez, Carlos Antonio s.v. Francisco Solano Lopez
1894:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Asunción: Servilibro.
1063:in front of a portrait of Solano López, July 2024
617:Solano López was dispatched to Europe in 1853 as
2067:. Vol. 40, no. 239. pp. 633–647.
2044:. Vol. 40, no. 237. pp. 421–429.
594:. The elder López would commission his son as a
970:On 12 September 1866, López invited Mitre to a
515:He is one of the most controversial figures in
49: and the second or maternal family name is
3338:Paraguayan military personnel killed in action
1992:Portrait of a Dictator: Francisco Solano López
1299:"La sangre guaraní de Belgrano, Bioy y el Che"
3300:indicate acting, interim or provisional role.
2880:
2215:
1727:(in Czech). Praha: Metafora. pp. 11–12.
1178:Afterwards, Lieutenant General Bendini said:
1028:Upon hearing about this, López called a last
8:
2144:The Paraguayan War: Causes and Early Conduct
1665:
1629:
1612:
1579:. Vicepresidency of Paraguay. Archived from
1422:The Paraguayan War: Causes and Early Conduct
454:(24 July 1827 or 1826 – 1 March 1870) was a
1506:
1504:
1425:. University of Calgary Press. p. 68.
761:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
420:Commander of the Legion of Honour of France
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2865:
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2618:
2544:
2431:
2427:
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2222:
2208:
2200:
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323:Marshal-President of the Paraguayan Armies
73:
57:
1917:(in Spanish). Asunción: Carlos Schauman.
781:Learn how and when to remove this message
425:Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice
2191:Works by or about Francisco Solano López
2128:(in Spanish). Asunción: Freitas Bastos.
1701:
1677:
1644:
1284:
1207:
1205:
913:. The next day, he occupied the town of
602:, at the age of 17, in 1844. During the
510:Vice-President of the Supreme Government
27:2nd President of Paraguay (1862 to 1870)
2082:The Latin American Republics: A History
1833:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1201:
492:At a very young age, he served in the
1974:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Theoria.
1754:(bachelorThesis). ORUÉ POZZO, Anibal.
523:as "the War of the Triple Alliance" (
473:(1864–1870). He succeeded his father
7:
759:adding citations to reliable sources
685:. He was elevated to the office of
543:, which marked the end of the war.
18:Francisco Solano López (politician)
2311:Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner
560:Solano López around age 27, c.1854
258:Juana Paula Carillo Viana (mother)
25:
797:The Throne: López and his Cabinet
715:, and was unanimously proclaimed
645:and developed a fascination with
3286:
2907:
2351:
2266:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
2126:Resumen de historia del Paraguay
1939:
1343:Saeger, James Schofield (2007).
1174:and, precisely, Marshal López.
1085:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
731:
592:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
269:
2174:Works by Francisco Solano López
1132:National Pantheon of the Heroes
1024:Death of Francisco Solano López
452:Francisco Solano López Carrillo
230:National Pantheon of the Heroes
32:Francisco Solano López (comics)
1369:Leuchars, Christopher (2002).
1252:"El Prendedor de Madame Lynch"
1094:" ("I die for my nation") or "
1015:José Antônio Correia da Câmara
529:la Guerra de la Triple Alianza
1:
2064:Harper's New Monthly Magazine
2041:Harper's New Monthly Magazine
1561:. ABC Digital. Archived from
1160:In 2007, Argentine President
976:Treaty of the Triple Alliance
930:Treaty of the Triple Alliance
659:, yet this remains unproven.
80:
2256:Governorate of New Andalusia
1305:(in Spanish). Archived from
1219:(in Spanish). Archived from
1076:regime on national history.
465:and statesman who served as
41:, the first or paternal
3353:Vice presidents of Paraguay
1876:La Nación, 6 December 2007.
1818:Open Veins of Latin America
1419:Whigham, Thomas L. (2018).
950:Conference in Yatayty Corá.
890:, in northern Mato Grosso.
704:, who had been replaced by
702:Sir William Dougal Christie
678:first lady till his death.
3369:
2036:"Paraguay and Her Enemies"
1122:A bust of Solano López in
1000:
972:conference in Yataytí Corá
939:
936:War of the Triple Alliance
687:Vice President of Paraguay
36:
29:
3295:
3284:
2914:
2905:
2819:
2625:
2621:
2547:
2434:
2430:
2369:
2349:
2124:Vasconsellos, V. (1970).
1932:Madame Lynch & Friend
1890:Bareiro, R., ed. (2007).
1487:Paraguay: A Country Study
1464:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1373:. Greenwood. p. 11.
1057:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
834:Role in beginning the war
719:for a term of ten years.
564:Solano López was born in
445:
176:
133:Domingo Francisco Sánchez
102:
90:
72:
2439:Administrative divisions
2333:2000 coup d'état attempt
2321:1996 coup d'état attempt
2107:Rowman & Littlefield
1462:"Francisco Solano López"
1394:Phelps, Gilbert (1974).
1213:"Francisco Solano López"
696:, which was captured by
619:minister plenipotentiary
2478:Legal system and issues
2086:Appleton-Century-Crofts
1962:Encyclopædia Britannica
487:José Félix Estigarribia
159:Cirilo Antonio Rivarola
3348:Presidents of Paraguay
3333:Children of presidents
3318:Francisco Solano López
2585:Science and technology
1988:Graham, R. Cunninghame
1930:Brodsky, Alyn (1976).
1794:, pp. 70, 82, 98.
1398:. Knight. p. 47.
1328:Bray, Eduardo (2011).
1185:
1176:
1157:
1126:
1116:
1064:
1025:
951:
903:province of Corrientes
843:
803:economic protectionism
798:
614:
561:
528:
67:Francisco Solano López
2343:2017 political crisis
2338:2012 political crisis
2059:"The War in Paraguay"
2057:McMahon, M. (1870b).
2034:McMahon, M. (1870a).
2011:Leuchars, C. (2002).
1180:
1167:
1148:
1121:
1108:
1055:
1042:¡Muero con mi patria!
1023:
985:San Fernando massacre
959:was destroyed by the
949:
841:
816:Rio de la Plata Basin
796:
717:President of Paraguay
612:
584:Paraguayan Presidency
559:
467:President of Paraguay
301:Years of service
97:President of Paraguay
2934:Rodríguez de Francia
2924:Rodríguez de Francia
2409:World Heritage Sites
2384:Environmental issues
2271:Carlos Antonio López
2141:Whigham, T. (2018).
1565:on 29 February 2012.
1520:Shaw, Karl (2005) .
1106:wrote on the event:
1072:stance taken by the
1003:Battle of Cerro Corá
997:Battle of Cerro Corá
814:over control of the
755:improve this section
713:Congress of Paraguay
643:Second French Empire
604:Argentine Civil Wars
580:Carlos Antonio López
541:Battle of Cerro Corá
498:Juan Manuel de Rosas
475:Carlos Antonio López
253:Carlos Antonio López
145:Carlos Antonio López
2693:Freedom of religion
2670:List of Paraguayans
2296:February Revolution
2101:Saeger, J. (2007).
1970:García, A. (1963).
1723:Shaw, Karl (2005).
1680:, pp. 990–991.
1396:Tragedy of Paraguay
1309:on 28 December 2016
1297:Balmaceda, Daniel.
1287:, pp. 421–429.
1096:Muero con mi patria
1092:Muero por mi patria
965:Battle of Riachuelo
923:Entre Ríos Province
919:Corrientes Province
866:and his successor,
639:Paraguayan military
631:Kingdom of Sardinia
552:Life before the war
164:José Díaz de Bedoya
63:Marshal of Paraguay
2655:Indigenous peoples
2595:Telecommunications
2080:Munro, D. (1960).
1934:. London: Cassell.
1858:on 22 January 2008
1782:, pp. 66, 80.
1431:20.500.12657/57513
1257:5 May 2019 at the
1172:José de San Martín
1158:
1127:
1104:Juan Silvano Godoi
1065:
1026:
952:
844:
799:
647:Napoleon Bonaparte
615:
582:, ascended to the
562:
351:Commander in Chief
318:Divisional general
240:Eliza Alicia Lynch
3305:
3304:
2896:Heads of state of
2862:
2861:
2815:
2814:
2736:
2735:
2608:
2607:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2464:Political parties
2454:Foreign relations
2417:
2416:
1996:William Heinemann
1913:Bray, A. (1984).
1815:Eduardo Galeano,
1666:Vasconsellos 1970
1630:Vasconsellos 1970
1613:Vasconsellos 1970
1559:"Historical list"
1526:Šílenství mocných
1354:978-0-7425-3755-2
1250:Yubi, J. (2014).
1162:Cristina Kirchner
911:Bay of Corrientes
875:Marqués de Olinda
791:
790:
783:
666:, the Irish-born
596:brigadier general
496:fighting against
449:
448:
387:attaché militaire
313:Brigadier General
16:(Redirected from
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3290:
2911:
2889:
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2866:
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2835:
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2623:
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2580:
2545:
2432:
2428:
2367:
2355:
2316:1989 coup d'état
2306:1954 coup d'état
2286:Second Civil War
2261:Jesuit reduction
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2195:Internet Archive
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2007:
1983:
1966:
1945:
1943:
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1935:
1926:
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1854:. Archived from
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1583:on 29 June 2012.
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1170:nation, General
1102:.) In any case,
957:Paraguayan fleet
921:and Argentina's
895:Atanasio Aguirre
868:Atanasio Aguirre
848:Empire of Brazil
812:Empire of Brazil
786:
779:
775:
772:
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657:Napoleon's crown
537:killed in action
479:killed in action
459:military officer
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278:Military service
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3102:González Navero
3069:González Navero
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2512:Law enforcement
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2404:Protected areas
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2327:Marzo paraguayo
2301:Third Civil War
2281:First Civil War
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1955:, ed. (1911). "
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1265:. (in Spanish).
1259:Wayback Machine
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1223:on 11 June 2023
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1081:Eduardo Galeano
1050:
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991:Ramona Martínez
944:
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899:Bartolomé Mitre
852:Venancio Flores
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706:Edward Thornton
683:Minister of War
600:Paraguayan Army
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547:Life and career
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2251:Guaraní people
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2168:External links
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1100:Luís de Camões
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940:Main article:
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864:Bernardo Berro
862:government of
856:Colorado Party
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2014:
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1968:
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1958:
1954:
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1948:public domain
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
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1901:9789995300326
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1154:David Cameron
1151:
1150:Santiago Peña
1147:
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1137:
1136:Fernando Lugo
1133:
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1061:Santiago Peña
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771:December 2018
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33:
19:
3323:1820s births
3297:
3273:Abdo Benítez
3260:
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3199:
3187:
3178:Estigarribia
3165:
3151:Eligio Ayala
3143:
3138:Eligio Ayala
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3079:
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3055:
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3019:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2958:
2949:Roque Alonso
2840:Bibliography
2795:Coat of arms
2630:Demographics
2572:Central Bank
2495:Human rights
2490:Constitution
2325:
2186:(in Spanish)
2178:Open Library
2143:
2125:
2102:
2084:. New York:
2081:
2062:
2039:
2015:. Westport:
2012:
1991:
1971:
1960:
1931:
1914:
1891:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1834:Bareiro 2007
1816:
1811:
1804:Bareiro 2007
1799:
1792:Bareiro 2007
1787:
1780:Bareiro 2007
1775:
1768:Bareiro 2007
1750:
1743:
1724:
1718:
1709:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1652:
1599:(in Spanish)
1594:
1589:
1581:the original
1571:
1563:the original
1553:
1544:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1494:
1486:
1466:. Retrieved
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1421:
1414:
1395:
1389:
1370:
1364:
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1338:
1329:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:the original
1302:
1292:
1280:
1270:
1262:
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1216:
1188:
1186:
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1177:
1168:
1159:
1128:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1089:
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1006:
989:
981:
969:
953:
927:
907:
892:
874:
872:
860:Blanco Party
858:against the
845:
828:
820:
807:isolationism
800:
777:
768:
753:Please help
741:
710:
693:
691:
680:
675:
661:
652:Grande Armée
650:
616:
569:
563:
533:
514:
506:Platine Wars
491:
451:
450:
367:Platine Wars
360:Battles/wars
214:(1870-03-01)
212:1 March 1870
196:24 July 1827
152:Succeeded by
104:
55:
50:
46:
39:Spanish name
3328:1870 deaths
3183:H. Morínigo
3021:M. Morínigo
2650:Immigration
2552:Agriculture
2517:Nationality
2147:. Lincoln:
1468:11 February
1070:revisionist
1030:war council
879:Mato Grosso
668:Eliza Lynch
539:during the
521:Plate Basin
504:during the
427:and Lazarus
391:French Army
381:Crimean War
375:(1845–1852)
347:(1848–1852)
339:(1845–1846)
320:(1862–1865)
315:(1845–1862)
140:Preceded by
84: 1870
3312:Categories
3224:Stroessner
2982:Jovellanos
2959:F.S. López
2954:C.A. López
2760:Literature
2723:Mennonites
2579:(currency)
2562:Ecotourism
2485:Civil Code
2469:Presidents
2105:. Lanham:
1994:. London:
1862:27 October
1734:8073590026
1725:Power Mad!
1535:8073590026
1522:Power Mad!
1446:7 December
1313:7 December
1227:7 December
1197:References
1074:Stroessner
1010:Cerro Corá
915:Corrientes
723:Presidency
698:Royal Navy
629:, and the
463:politician
456:Paraguayan
337:Corrientes
283:Allegiance
221:, Paraguay
219:Cerro Corá
192:1827-07-24
117:1870-03-01
113:1862-09-10
3262:F. Franco
3229:Rodríguez
3167:R. Franco
3113:M. Franco
3027:Egusquiza
3005:Caballero
2660:Languages
2635:Education
2600:Transport
2557:Companies
2449:Elections
2362:Geography
2291:Chaco War
2134:253033222
2094:593518697
2073:317410260
2050:317410260
2017:Greenwood
1980:954516890
1923:842206281
1577:"Gallery"
1303:La Nacion
1263:ABC Color
1190:La Nación
742:does not
689:in 1862.
672:concubine
664:courtesan
502:Argentina
304:1844–1870
266:Signature
105:In office
3156:Guggiari
3108:Schaerer
3063:Ferreira
3038:Carvallo
2976:Rivarola
2964:Rivarola
2899:Paraguay
2849:Category
2685:Religion
2577:Guaraní
2500:Abortion
2459:Military
2444:Congress
2423:Politics
2235:articles
2231:Paraguay
2004:14508060
1990:(1933).
1510:Hanratty
1255:Archived
1124:Asunción
1112:Asuncion
854:and his
676:de facto
588:dictator
576:Asunción
371:Against
345:Misiones
330:Commands
286:Paraguay
255:(father)
203:Paraguay
199:Asunción
115: –
95:2nd
51:Carrillo
37:In this
3298:Italics
3278:S. Peña
3234:Wasmosy
3119:Montero
3095:P. Peña
3044:Escurra
3010:Escobar
3000:Bareiro
2994:Uriarte
2970:Machaín
2826:Outline
2807:Tourism
2785:Symbols
2755:Cuisine
2742:Culture
2713:Judaism
2614:Society
2540:Economy
2379:Climate
2243:History
2193:at the
1950::
1883:Sources
1138:in the
1033:death.
963:at the
883:Corumbá
763:removed
748:sources
694:Tacuari
623:Britain
598:in the
525:Spanish
483:Marshal
389:in the
325:(1865–)
246:Parents
111: (
79:López,
43:surname
3268:Cartes
3218:Romero
3212:Chávez
3189:Frutos
3125:Gondra
3075:Gondra
3032:Aceval
2944:Medina
2929:Yegros
2919:Yegros
2854:Portal
2790:Anthem
2750:Cinema
2698:Baháʼí
2640:Health
2567:Energy
2374:Cities
2233:
2155:
2132:
2113:
2092:
2071:
2048:
2023:
2002:
1978:
1944:
1921:
1909:1963).
1898:
1731:
1532:
1437:
1402:
1377:
1351:
1048:Legacy
888:Cuiabá
627:France
571:barrio
566:Manorá
408:Awards
393:(1854)
236:Spouse
3239:Cubas
3207:Molas
3201:Rolón
3173:Paiva
3145:Riart
3088:Rojas
3050:Gaona
2939:Ortiz
2833:Index
2780:Sport
2770:Music
2765:Media
2708:Islam
2675:Women
2645:Crime
2394:Flora
2389:Fauna
1524:[
635:Paris
373:Rosas
47:López
3256:Lugo
3081:Jara
3057:Báez
2988:Gill
2800:Flag
2665:LGBT
2505:LGBT
2153:ISBN
2130:OCLC
2111:ISBN
2090:OCLC
2069:OCLC
2046:OCLC
2021:ISBN
2000:OCLC
1976:OCLC
1919:OCLC
1896:ISBN
1864:2009
1729:ISBN
1530:ISBN
1470:2023
1448:2023
1435:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1315:2023
1275:1871
1229:2023
1152:and
1059:and
746:any
744:cite
674:and
568:, a
309:Rank
209:Died
186:Born
2718:LDS
2176:at
2149:UNP
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757:by
621:to
574:of
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385:As
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2019:.
1998:.
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2029:.
2006:.
1982:.
1925:.
1904:.
1866:.
1737:.
1538:.
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1429::
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1383:.
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1317:.
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190:(
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