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chastising the flesh into subjection, the compositions often reduced to a single figure. Zurbaran's "incapacity or possibly scorn for narrative" makes the actions depicted in his compositions difficult to interpret without foreknowledge of the subject. The style is more reserved and chastened than
Caravaggio's, the tone of color often quite bluish. Exceptional effects are attained by the precisely finished foregrounds, massed out largely in light and shade. Backgrounds are often featureless and dark. Zurbaran had difficulty painting deep space; when interior or exterior settings are represented, the effect is suggestive of theater backdrops on a shallow stage. The art historian Julián Gállego suggests that Zurbarán's early training "may have left him with a taste for Mannerist composition ... with the furniture and accessories placed on the slant" in an ambiguous space devoid of unitary perspective. The resulting contradictions have been compared to
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Zurbarán's first marriage, in 1617, was to María Paet who was nine years older. María died in 1624 after the birth of their third child. In 1625 he married again to wealthy widow
Beatriz de Morales. On 17 January 1626, Zurbarán signed a contract with the prior of the Dominican monastery San Pablo el
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of
Seville to produce 22 paintings for the cloister in their monastery. In 1629, the Elders of Seville invited Zurbarán to relocate permanently to the city, as his paintings had gained such high reputation that he would increase the reputation of Seville. He accepted the invitation and moved to
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are abundant in his paintings. To these rigid methods, Zurbarán is said to have adhered throughout his career, which was prosperous, wholly confined to Spain, and varied by few incidents beyond those of his daily labour. His subjects were mostly severe and ascetic religious vigils, the spirit
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He painted his figures directly from nature, and he made great use of the lay-figure in the study of draperies, in which he was particularly proficient. He had a special gift for white draperies; as a consequence, the houses of the white-robed
1421:. Polychrome sculpture—which by the time of Zurbarán's apprenticeship had reached a level of sophistication in Seville that surpassed that of the local painters—provided another important stylistic model for the young artist; the work of
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Seville with his wife
Beatriz de Morales, the three children from his first marriage, a relative called Isabel de Zurbarán and eight servants. In May 1639 his second wife, Beatriz de Morales, died.
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1303:; he was baptized on 7 November of that year. His parents were Luis de Zurbarán, a haberdasher, and his wife, Isabel Márquez. In childhood he set about imitating objects with
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On 7 February 1644, Zurbarán married a third time with another wealthy widow, Leonor de Torder. It was only in 1658, late in Zurbarán's life, that he moved to
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1532:(founder of the college) with monks and servitors, all the principal personages being more than life-size. It had been preceded by numerous pictures for the
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1417:(dramatic lighting). The painter thought by some art historians to have had the greatest influence on his characteristically severe compositions was
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and Zurbarán's reputation declined. Beginning by the late 1630s, Zurbarán's workshop produced many paintings for export to South
America.
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Real in
Seville, agreeing to produce 21 paintings within eight months. Fourteen of the paintings depicted the life of
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and his 12 sons, seems to have been aimed at the South
America market, but the originals were acquired for
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1331:. This commission established Zurbarán as a painter. On 29 August 1628, Zurbarán was commissioned by the
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1380:. Popular myth has Zurbarán dying in poverty, but at his death the value of his estate was about 20,000
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to apprentice for three years with Pedro Díaz de
Villanueva, an artist of whom very little is known.
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1257:. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his
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2924:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)
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In 1835, paintings by Zurbarán were confiscated from monasteries and displayed in the new
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2680:(1987). "Francisco de Zurbaran: A Chronological Review". In Baticle, Jeannine (ed.).
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1591:: a whole-length, life-sized figure of a kneeling Saint Francis holding a skull.
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2907:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1056–1057.
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1575:. Also in the 1630s he was commissioned to provide canvases representing the
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he painted multiple large pictures, eight of which relate to the history of
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It is unknown whether Zurbarán had the opportunity to see the paintings of
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for the
Principal Monastery of the Calced Mercedarians in Seville. In
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2851:
Ressort, Claudie; Jordan, William B. (2003), "Zurbarán, de family",
2884:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2812:
El Greco to
Murillo: Spanish Painting in the Golden Age, 1556–1700
2368:"Zurbarán paintings : Art and exhibitions at Auckland Castle"
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1517:
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for the way each object is represented in isolation. According to
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1567:. In 1639, he completed the paintings of the high altar of the
1543:
Between 1628 and 1634, he painted four scenes from the life of
1413:, only that his work features a similar use of chiaroscuro and
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Zurbarán was the subject of a major exhibition in 1987 at the
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1442:, "Zurbarán succeeded in making a grace of his clumsiness".
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1253:; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish
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3006:
Saint Peter Nolasco's Vision of Saint Peter the Apostle
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1219:
1210:
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3412:
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3235:
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1216:
152:
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95:
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48:Probable self-portrait of Francisco de Zurbarán as
34:
2751:
1913:Saint Luke as a Painter before Christ on the Cross
1559:, Seville, a figure of the Crucified Saviour, in
2561:Splendor, Myth, and Vision: Nudes from the Prado
1587:in Madrid. A fine example of his work is in the
1464:in their looser brushwork and softer contrasts.
1741:The Body of St. Bonaventure in the Presence of
1376:in search of work and renewed his contact with
2833:The Spanish Portrait: From El Greco to Picasso
2557:"Hercules as a Symbol of the Spanish Monarchy"
2166:
2013:Christ and the Virgin in the House at Nazareth
3280:
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1425:is especially close to Zurbarán's in spirit.
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8:
2735:. London: Alpine Fine Arts Collection, Ltd.
3312:Artists in biographies by Giovanni Baglione
3287:
3273:
3265:
3102:Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla
3062:Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose
2950:
2936:
2928:
2618:"Exposición – Zurbarán. A New Perspective"
1478:Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a Rose
1180:
1166:
173:
42:
31:
2861:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T093699
1339:Towards 1630 he was appointed painter to
3118:The Defence of Cádiz Against the English
2990:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
2791:Seventeenth-century Art and Architecture
2770:Spain: The Centre of the World 1519–1682
2689:Bussagli, Marco; Reiche, Mattia (2009).
2354:
2277:
1831:The Defence of Cádiz against the English
1261:. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish
3022:The Vision of Saint Alphonsus Rodriguez
2604:
2507:
2396:
2265:
2159:
1643:
1624:in New York, which traveled in 1988 to
974:Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition
942:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
194:
3030:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
2731:Gállego, Julián; Gudiol, José (1987).
2710:Gállego, Julián; Gudiol, José (1977).
2235:
1509:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
2178:
1248:
7:
2750:Gilbert, Creighton (December 1987).
1460:) show the influence of Murillo and
3182:St Hugh in the Carthusian Refectory
3174:Saint Luke Painting the Crucifixion
2076:St Hugh in the Carthusian Refectory
1994:Saint Francis of Assisi in His Tomb
1626:Galeries nationales du Grand Palais
1445:Zurbarán's late works, such as the
1353:, a series depicting the patriarch
3332:Paintings attributed to Caravaggio
3206:The Virgin Mary as a Child Praying
2649:(in Spanish). 2017. Archived from
2211:"Two new paintings now on display"
2117:The Virgin Mary as a Child Praying
995:Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum
25:
3307:Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
3094:Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion
2998:The Vision of Saint Peter Nolasco
2695:. New York and London: Sterling.
2622:Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza
1307:. In 1614 his father sent him to
1272:He was the father of the painter
3403:
2877:
2129:
2108:
2087:
2067:
2046:
2027:
2004:
1986:
1965:
1944:
1925:
1904:
1883:
1864:
1843:
1822:
1801:
1780:
1759:
1726:
1707:
1686:
1666:
1646:
1265:", owing to the forceful use of
1197:
1146:
621:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
222:Catholic Reformation and Revival
204:
177:
2788:Harris, Ann Sutherland (2005).
1876:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
1810:Saint Margaret as a shepherdess
1250:[fɾanˈθiskoðeθuɾβaˈɾan]
1001:Pontifical Gregorian University
353:Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion
211:Faith, or The Church Triumphant
2588:"Write on Art:"Saint Francis""
2081:Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
1660:Santa María Magdalena, Seville
1514:Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
1502:In 1631, he painted the great
1112:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
1:
3752:17th-century Spanish painters
2830:Pérez, Javier Portús (2004).
2753:"Zurbarán, for the most part"
2684:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1540:in the cathedral of Seville.
1450:
1295:Zurbarán was born in 1598 in
436:French school of spirituality
270:Nova ordinantia eclessiastica
258:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
53:
3562:Giovanni Francesco Guerrieri
3375:Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst
2836:. Museo Nacional del Prado.
3762:Spanish still life painters
3126:Saint Elizabeth of Portugal
1958:National Gallery of Ireland
1892:Saint Elizabeth of Portugal
1634:Zurbarán. A New Perspective
1399:Saint Francis in Meditation
953:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
27:Spanish painter (1598–1664)
3788:
2643:"Santo Domingo in Soriano"
2167:Bussagli & Reiche 2009
1773:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1622:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1613:brothers; others included
1601:His principal pupils were
1563:, creating an illusion of
3747:Painters from Extremadura
3671:
3643:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
3401:
3302:
3225:Jacob and his twelve sons
3038:Saint Margaret of Antioch
2891:Rossetti, William Michael
2809:Mallory, Nina A. (1990).
2544:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2532:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2520:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2496:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2484:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2472:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2460:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2448:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2436:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2424:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2412:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2338:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2326:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2314:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2302:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2290:Gállego & Gudiol 1987
2251:Gállego & Gudiol 1977
2198:Ressort & Jordan 2003
1794:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
1630:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
1350:Jacob and his twelve sons
1319:; the others represented
1097:Catholic literary revival
616:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
328:European Wars of Religion
276:Defensio Tridentinæ fidei
215:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
168:
148:
41:
3737:Spanish Baroque painters
3420:Flemish Baroque painting
3254:Spanish Baroque painting
2767:Goodwin, Robert (2015).
2716:. Secker & Warburg.
1680:Art Institute of Chicago
1655:Santo Domingo en Soriano
1589:National Gallery, London
1549:Santa Maria de Guadalupe
988:Philosophy and education
246:Decet Romanum Pontificem
3742:Spanish Roman Catholics
3542:Paolo Domenico Finoglia
2904:Encyclopædia Britannica
2137:Saint Francis in Prayer
2021:Cleveland Museum of Art
1789:Saint Casilda of Toledo
1628:in Paris. In 2015, the
1555:; and in the church of
947:Excommunicable offences
561:Michelangelo Caravaggio
408:Jacobite rising of 1689
388:Strasbourg Bishops' War
383:French Wars of Religion
3547:Giovanni Antonio Galli
3517:Battistello Caracciolo
3507:Marco Antonio Bassetti
3198:St. Francis in Ecstasy
3086:Hercules and the Hydra
1852:Hercules and the Hydra
1499:
1485:
1423:Juan Martínez Montañés
1406:
1292:
1269:in which he excelled.
1153:Catholicism portal
1049:Discalced Augustinians
1034:Augustinian Recollects
959:Portuguese Inquisition
539:Spanish Golden Century
333:Dalecarlian Rebellions
229:Councils and documents
3757:Spanish male painters
3717:Francisco de Zurbarán
3663:Francisco de Zurbarán
3552:Artemisia Gentileschi
3380:Hendrick ter Brugghen
3110:The Death of Hercules
3078:The Archangel Gabriel
3046:Immaculate Conception
3014:The House in Nazareth
2959:Francisco de Zurbarán
1715:Immaculate Conception
1493:The Flight into Egypt
1491:
1475:
1397:
1329:Doctors of the Church
1287:
1193:Francisco de Zurbarán
681:Francisco de Zurbarán
586:Artemisia Gentileschi
446:Ignatian spirituality
378:Prayer Book Rebellion
36:Francisco de Zurbarán
3732:People from Tentudía
3636:Spanish Caravaggisti
3532:Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
3522:Cecco del Caravaggio
3495:Italian Caravaggisti
3461:Valentin de Boulogne
3413:Flemish Caravaggisti
3390:Gerard van Honthorst
3166:Still Life with Pots
2815:. Harper & Row.
2692:Baroque & Rococo
2372:The Auckland Project
2055:Still Life with Pots
2039:Szépművészeti Múzeum
1998:Milwaukee Art Museum
1632:in Madrid presented
1325:Saint Thomas Aquinas
1054:Discalced Carmelites
1006:Second scholasticism
842:Catherine de' Medici
765:Lawrence of Brindisi
556:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
338:German Peasants' War
252:Confutatio Augustana
3602:Bartolomeo Schedoni
3572:Bartolomeo Manfredi
3449:French Caravaggisti
2974:Christ on the Cross
2895:Zurbaran, Francisco
2713:Zurbarán, 1598–1664
2567:on 13 December 2017
1675:Christ on the Cross
1607:Juan Caro de Tavira
1483:Norton Simon Museum
1122:Proto-Protestantism
1011:School of Salamanca
969:Spanish Inquisition
676:Juan de Valdés Leal
358:Pilgrimage of Grace
294:Immensa aeterni Dei
282:Regnans in Excelsis
198:Counter-Reformation
3627:Giuseppe Vermiglio
3557:Orazio Gentileschi
3527:Bernardo Cavallino
3466:Georges de La Tour
3370:Hendrick Bloemaert
3342:Dutch Caravaggisti
2653:on 6 December 2019
2586:MacKenzie (2018).
2486:, pp. 20, 67.
2462:, pp. 21, 36.
2124:, Saint Petersburg
1937:Museum of Grenoble
1700:Wadsworth Atheneum
1528:with knights, and
1524:, various saints,
1500:
1497:Seattle Art Museum
1486:
1419:Juan Sánchez Cotán
1407:
1293:
1102:History of Germany
785:Cardinal Richelieu
745:Ignatius of Loyola
671:Georges de la Tour
606:Giovanni Lanfranco
488:Transubstantiation
348:Tyrone's Rebellion
159:Philip IV of Spain
18:Francisco Zurbarán
3772:Catholic painters
3704:
3703:
3691:Peter Paul Rubens
3648:Francisco Ribalta
3622:Massimo Stanzione
3607:Giovanni Serodine
3502:Giovanni Baglione
3435:Theodoor Rombouts
3385:Wouter Crabeth II
3350:Dirck van Baburen
3262:
3261:
2843:978-1-85759-374-7
2822:978-0-06-435531-5
2801:978-1-85669-415-5
2794:. Laurence King.
2780:978-1-4088-4357-4
2759:The New Criterion
2702:978-1-4027-5925-3
2678:Baticle, Jeannine
2522:, pp. 79–80.
2438:, pp. 60–61.
1747:James I of Aragon
1545:St. Peter Nolasco
1321:Saint Bonaventura
1288:1633 portrait of
1190:
1189:
1107:Holy Roman Empire
964:Roman Inquisition
760:John of the Cross
720:Robert Bellarmine
651:Peter Paul Rubens
571:Ludovico Carracci
566:Annibale Carracci
478:Spanish mysticism
393:Thirty Years' War
363:Bigod's rebellion
288:Ascendente Domino
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
3779:
3677:
3658:Jusepe de Ribera
3592:Orazio Riminaldi
3512:Orazio Borgianni
3476:Nicolas Tournier
3407:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3243:Juan de Zurbarán
3070:The Young Virgin
2952:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2908:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2853:Grove Art Online
2847:
2826:
2805:
2784:
2763:
2755:
2746:
2727:
2706:
2685:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2647:artehistoria.com
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2563:. Archived from
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2374:. Archived from
2364:
2358:
2352:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2215:National Gallery
2207:
2201:
2195:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2133:
2122:Hermitage Museum
2120:, c. 1658–1664,
2112:
2099:, c. 1658–1664,
2091:
2071:
2050:
2031:
2008:
1990:
1977:, c. 1635–1640,
1969:
1956:, c. 1635–1640,
1948:
1933:The Annunciation
1929:
1916:, c. 1635–1640,
1908:
1887:
1868:
1847:
1826:
1815:National Gallery
1805:
1784:
1768:The Young Virgin
1763:
1730:
1711:
1690:
1670:
1650:
1603:Bernabé de Ayala
1455:
1452:
1440:José Camón Aznar
1403:National Gallery
1297:Fuente de Cantos
1274:Juan de Zurbarán
1252:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1151:
1150:
1028:Religious orders
795:Francisco Suárez
790:Francis de Sales
725:Charles Borromeo
646:Jusepe de Ribera
636:Scipione Pulzone
611:Orlando di Lasso
601:Jacobus de Kerle
581:Domenico Fontana
576:Anthony van Dyck
551:Federico Barocci
373:Schmalkaldic War
323:Augsburg Interim
234:Council of Trent
208:
207:
181:
174:
155:
102:
77:Fuente de Cantos
72:
70:
55:
46:
32:
21:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3696:Diego Velázquez
3675:
3667:
3631:
3490:
3444:
3430:Nicolas Régnier
3408:
3399:
3355:Jan van Bijlert
3336:
3298:
3293:
3263:
3258:
3231:
3217:Painting series
3212:
3150:Saint Apollonia
2961:
2956:
2916:
2911:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2850:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2808:
2802:
2787:
2781:
2766:
2749:
2743:
2730:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2688:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2378:on 28 July 2020
2366:
2365:
2361:
2357:, p. 1057.
2353:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2280:, p. 1056.
2276:
2272:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2141:Museo del Prado
2134:
2125:
2113:
2104:
2101:Alte Pinakothek
2092:
2083:
2072:
2063:
2060:Museo del Prado
2051:
2042:
2035:The Holy Family
2032:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1979:Museo del Prado
1970:
1961:
1949:
1940:
1930:
1921:
1918:Museo del Prado
1909:
1900:
1897:Museo del Prado
1888:
1879:
1872:A Doctor of Law
1869:
1860:
1857:Museo del Prado
1848:
1839:
1836:Museo del Prado
1827:
1818:
1806:
1797:
1785:
1776:
1764:
1755:
1736:St. Bonaventure
1731:
1722:
1719:Museo del Prado
1712:
1703:
1691:
1682:
1671:
1662:
1651:
1642:
1615:Ignacio de Ries
1596:Museum of Cádiz
1530:Archbishop Deza
1470:
1468:Artistic legacy
1458:Alte Pinakothek
1453:
1392:
1363:Bishop Auckland
1359:Auckland Castle
1327:, and the four
1290:Francisco Zumel
1282:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1157:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1117:Nation-building
1092:
1084:
1083:
1029:
1021:
1020:
989:
981:
980:
937:
929:
928:
730:Joseph Calasanz
703:Teresa of Ávila
696:
694:
686:
685:
534:Flemish Baroque
512:
510:
500:
499:
483:Tridentine Mass
441:Gregorian chant
426:Confraternities
421:
413:
412:
398:Bohemian Revolt
331:
325:
321:
319:Catholic League
317:
312:
304:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
267:
264:Roman Catechism
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
230:
217:
205:
197:
163:Diego Velázquez
161:
153:
141:
110:
104:
100:
91:
74:
73:7 November 1598
68:
66:
57:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3709:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Related topics
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Leonello Spada
3614:
3612:Carlo Sellitto
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Carlo Saraceni
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Pietro Paolino
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3537:Domenico Fetti
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Trophime Bigot
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3440:Gerard Seghers
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Adam de Coster
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3158:Saint Lawrence
3154:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2982:Saint Serapion
2978:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2914:External links
2912:
2910:
2909:
2899:Chisholm, Hugh
2874:
2869:
2848:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2773:. Bloomsbury.
2764:
2747:
2741:
2728:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2686:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2634:
2609:
2597:
2578:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2510:, p. 116.
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2401:
2399:, p. 474.
2389:
2359:
2342:
2330:
2328:, p. 127.
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2255:
2253:, p. 135.
2240:
2238:, p. 208.
2228:
2202:
2183:
2181:, p. 147.
2171:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1750:), 1629–1630,
1743:Pope Gregory X
1732:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1695:Saint Serapion
1692:
1685:
1683:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1585:Hall of Realms
1495:, late 1630s,
1469:
1466:
1391:
1388:
1281:
1278:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:Related topics
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
977:
976:
966:
961:
956:
949:
944:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
803:
802:
800:Francis Xavier
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:Peter Canisius
732:
727:
722:
711:
710:
705:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
656:Vincenzo Ruffo
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
511:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
495:Works of mercy
492:
491:
490:
480:
475:
474:
473:
468:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
343:Wars of Kappel
340:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
240:Exsurge Domine
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:
209:
201:
200:
192:
191:
183:
182:
170:
169:
166:
165:
156:
150:
149:
146:
145:
136:
132:
131:
126:
125:Known for
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
105:
103:(aged 65)
99:27 August 1664
97:
93:
92:
75:
63:
59:
58:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3784:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Mario Minniti
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Ottavio Leoni
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Claude Vignon
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3395:Matthias Stom
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2886:public domain
2875:
2872:
2870:9781884446054
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2742:0-88168-115-6
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2723:9780436172205
2719:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2546:, p. 86.
2545:
2540:
2537:
2534:, p. 74.
2533:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:, p. 82.
2497:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2474:, p. 26.
2473:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2450:, p. 36.
2449:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2426:, p. 25.
2425:
2420:
2417:
2414:, p. 15.
2413:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:Rossetti 1911
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2340:, p. 18.
2339:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2316:, p. 73.
2315:
2310:
2307:
2304:, p. 16.
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:, p. 13.
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:Rossetti 1911
2274:
2271:
2268:, p. 53.
2267:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2169:, p. 95.
2168:
2163:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2096:Saint Francis
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:c. 1631–1640,
2015:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1935:, 1637–1639,
1934:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1792:, 1630-1635,
1791:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1752:Louvre Museum
1749:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1734:The Death of
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:, now in the
1511:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1448:
1447:Saint Francis
1443:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:Saint Dominic
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1230:
1194:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
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1103:
1100:
1098:
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1080:
1077:
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1032:
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1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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996:
992:
991:
985:
984:
975:
972:
971:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
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940:
939:
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932:
925:
922:
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912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
863:
860:
858:
857:Sigismund III
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
808:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Péter Pázmány
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
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715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
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690:
689:
682:
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669:
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639:
637:
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632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:Luca Giordano
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
509:
504:
503:
496:
493:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
479:
476:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
461:Popular piety
459:
457:
454:
452:
451:Interior life
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:Devotionalism
429:
427:
424:
423:
417:
416:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
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389:
386:
384:
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371:
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354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
315:Diet of Worms
308:
307:
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
247:
242:
241:
236:
235:
226:
225:
221:
220:
216:
212:
203:
202:
199:
193:
189:
185:
184:
180:
176:
175:
167:
164:
160:
157:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
108:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
64:
60:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3767:Caravaggisti
3662:
3653:Juan Ribalta
3587:Mattia Preti
3471:Jean LeClerc
3365:Andries Both
3296:Caravaggisti
3249:Caravaggisti
3223:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3054:Saint Agatha
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2958:
2920:
2902:
2852:
2832:
2811:
2790:
2769:
2757:
2732:
2712:
2691:
2681:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:the original
2646:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2605:Gilbert 1987
2600:
2591:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2560:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2508:Mallory 1990
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2397:Goodwin 2015
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2376:the original
2371:
2362:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2273:
2266:Baticle 1987
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2174:
2162:
2136:
2115:
2095:
2074:
2058:, c. 1650,
2053:
2034:
2011:
1993:
1973:
1953:Saint Rufina
1951:
1932:
1911:
1891:
1871:
1851:
1829:
1808:
1787:
1766:
1740:
1733:
1714:
1694:
1673:
1653:
1633:
1619:
1600:
1593:
1542:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1476:
1446:
1444:
1427:
1408:
1398:
1382:
1371:
1348:
1338:
1333:Mercedarians
1313:
1294:
1271:
1192:
1191:
993:
951:
919:Gregory XIII
867:
866:
837:Maximilian I
817:Ferdinand II
805:
804:
780:Matteo Ricci
713:
712:
697:
680:
631:Andrea Pozzo
626:Mattia Preti
544:
543:
513:
471:Sacred Heart
420:Spirituality
326:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
210:
143:Caravaggisti
101:(1664-08-27)
29:
3727:1664 deaths
3722:1598 births
3486:Simon Vouet
3322:Chiaroscuro
3228:(1641–1658)
3209:(1658–1660)
3201:(1658–1660)
3161:(1636–1639)
3145:(1635–1640)
3137:(1635–1640)
2236:Harris 2005
1996:, 1630/34,
1895:, c. 1635,
1569:Carthusians
1454: 1658
1431:Carthusians
1369:, England.
1301:Extremadura
1267:chiaroscuro
1259:still-lifes
1132:Renaissance
1127:Reformation
936:Inquisition
884:Clement VII
852:Sigismund I
775:Philip Neri
755:John Fisher
708:Thomas More
213:(1665), by
115:Nationality
85:Extremadura
3711:Categories
3686:Gerrit Dou
3360:Paulus Bor
3190:St Francis
2657:20 January
2627:20 January
2571:20 January
2382:20 January
2179:Pérez 2004
2149:References
2041:, Budapest
1775:, New York
1702:, Hartford
1609:, and the
1557:Saint Paul
1553:St. Jerome
1504:altarpiece
1411:Caravaggio
1367:Co. Durham
1263:Caravaggio
1064:Oratorians
1039:Barnabites
899:Julius III
661:Tintoretto
641:Guido Reni
403:Rohan Wars
300:Unigenitus
69:1598-11-07
50:Saint Luke
3681:Rembrandt
3327:Tenebrism
3177:(c. 1650)
3142:St Andrew
3134:Agnus Dei
3129:(c. 1635)
2966:Paintings
2893:(1911). "
2154:Citations
2079:c. 1655,
1974:Agnus Dei
1561:grisaille
1538:St. Peter
1526:Charles V
1415:tenebrism
1378:Velázquez
1341:Philip IV
1280:Biography
1079:Ursulines
1074:Theatines
1044:Capuchins
879:Adrian VI
862:William V
847:Philip II
827:Louis XIV
822:Leopold I
812:Charles V
524:Polyphony
519:Mannerism
456:Mariology
368:Dacke War
154:Patron(s)
65:baptized
56:1635–1640
2921:Zurbarán
2733:Zurbarán
2682:Zurbaran
2221:18 March
2143:, Madrid
2139:, 1659,
2103:, Munich
2062:, Madrid
2037:, 1659,
1981:, Madrid
1960:, Dublin
1939:, France
1920:, Madrid
1899:, Madrid
1878:, Boston
1874:, 1635,
1859:, Madrid
1855:, 1634,
1838:, Madrid
1834:, 1634,
1817:, London
1796:, Madrid
1771:, 1630,
1754:, Paris
1721:, Madrid
1717:, 1630,
1698:, 1628,
1678:, 1627,
1658:, 1626,
1581:Hercules
1481:, 1633,
1405:, London
1401:, 1639,
1305:charcoal
1246:Spanish:
1069:Piarists
1016:Molinism
924:Sixtus V
894:Paul III
889:Pius III
806:Monarchs
750:John Eck
596:El Greco
311:Politics
196:Catholic
188:a series
186:Part of
135:Movement
129:painting
3317:Baroque
3236:Related
2901:(ed.).
2888::
2670:Sources
1813:, 1631
1640:Gallery
1611:Polanco
1577:Labours
1534:retable
1522:Madonna
1456:–1664;
1345:Murillo
1309:Seville
1255:painter
1059:Jesuits
909:Pius IV
904:Paul IV
740:Erasmus
545:Artists
529:Baroque
514:Schools
139:Baroque
119:Spanish
109:, Spain
81:Badajoz
3193:(1659)
3185:(1655)
3169:(1650)
3153:(1636)
3121:(1634)
3113:(1634)
3105:(1634)
3097:(1634)
3089:(1634)
3081:(1634)
3073:(1633)
3065:(1633)
3057:(1633)
3049:(1632)
3041:(1631)
3033:(1631)
3025:(1630)
3017:(1630)
3009:(1629)
3001:(1629)
2993:(1629)
2985:(1628)
2977:(1627)
2897:". In
2882:
2867:
2840:
2819:
2798:
2777:
2739:
2720:
2699:
2592:Art UK
2217:. 2018
1565:marble
1520:, the
1518:Christ
1462:Titian
1436:Cubism
1383:reales
1374:Madrid
914:Pius V
832:Mary I
714:Clergy
698:People
693:People
666:Titian
466:Rosary
107:Madrid
3245:(son)
1573:Jerez
1390:Style
1355:Jacob
874:Leo X
868:Popes
89:Spain
2865:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2817:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2775:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2659:2020
2629:2020
2573:2020
2384:2020
2223:2021
1745:and
1240:RAHN
1238:-bə-
1236:ZOOR
96:Died
62:Born
2857:doi
1579:of
1571:in
1536:of
1506:of
1361:in
1208:ʊər
508:Art
3713::
2863:,
2855:,
2756:.
2645:.
2620:.
2590:.
2559:.
2404:^
2370:.
2345:^
2258:^
2243:^
2213:.
2186:^
1636:.
1617:.
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1365:,
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1299:,
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2783:.
2762:.
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