153:
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267:"next to the Rio Grande of the Magdalena". They found it abandoned, and burned it down. In 1633 Murga attempted peace negotiations with the Palenque of Limón. When negotiations broke down, On 9 December 1633, Spanish soldiers attacked Limón, capturing more than eighty residents and after a trial executing thirteen, whose bodies were quartered and displayed publicly. The testimony of the Maroons at their trial was recorded in a 990-page dossier sent to King
161:
296:
for fear this would encourage other governors to curtail the authority of inquisitors, preventing them from doing their duty. Murga's death helped remove the problem, but the council recommended to the king that Velez y Argos not be allowed to return to
Cartagena, and the king agreed. Eventually Asas y Argos was transferred to the Tribunal de México, in April 1637.
295:
Eventually Murga asked for absolution, but when this was administered in a humiliating manner the
Council of the Indies formally complained to the king. Although Velez y Argos was ordered to appear before a council in Madrid to answer Murga's accusations. The council hesitated to take drastic action
291:
was deeply unpopular. He became involved in particularly bitter quarrels with the inquisitor Vélez de Asas y Argos. He was described by the inquisitors in a letter of 12 December 1632 as the most dangerous man on earth, constantly harassing them. One day he released a negro who was being whipped
240:
refused. The
Spanish launched an attack at a poorly defended point, but were repelled by gunfire from the heights and were forced to retreat "in haste and disorder". In October 1635, Murga sent Castellar and Somovilla to attack the "Ysla de Mosquitos" on which more English were said to have
505:
The
Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies: Containing an Entire Translation of the Spanish Work of Colonel Don Antonio de Alcedo, with Large Additions and Compilations from Modern Voyages and Travels and from Original and Authentic
235:
and engineer Juan de
Somovilla Texada to destroy the colony. The Spanish fleet anchored outside New Westminster in July 1635, and Castellar sent a messenger to demand the surrender of Providence island. Governor
172:, who had spent many years working on the fortifications. With experience in Flanders, Murga wanted to apply the principles of fortification that had been developed there, including opposing trenches and advanced
259:, escaped slaves from Africa who had established independent settlements in the Cartagena region, who had been raiding and killing Indians and Spanish settlers. There were at least eight Maroon
168:
The town was constantly under threat from Dutch privateers, and during his term of office Murga strengthened the eastern fortifications. He ignored the work and views of the
Italian engineer
761:
509:. James Carpenter, ... Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, ... White, Cochrane and Company and Murray, ... London; Parker, Oxford; and Deighton, Cambridge. p.
188:(half moon) gatehouse. This structure, with its unusual concave crescent wall, made it possible to instantly cut off the city from any approach from the mainland.
33:
223:
settlement, it became a base for privateers attacking
Spanish shipping. The Spanish did not hear of the colony until 1635, when they captured some Englishmen in
710:
287:
As governor of
Cartagena, Francisco de Murga was determined to curb the power of the inquisitors. He was widely supported by the population, to whom the
292:
through the streets for heresy. The inquisitors excommunicated him. He jailed the officials sent to notify him of this, holding them for 24 hours.
744:
693:
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639:
612:
585:
535:
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192:
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The
Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies: Sicily, Naples, Sardinia, Milan, the Canaries, Mexico, Peru, New Granada
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152:
132:. He was governor of Marmora in Africa when he was appointed to fortify the plaza of Cartagena. He was a knight of
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56:
730:
169:
69:
208:
237:
794:
552:
527:
Faith and
Fortune: Religious Identity and the Politics of Profit in the Seventeenth-century Caribbean
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Murga was governor of Cartagena from 1629 until his death in 1636, replacing García Girón de Loayza.
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224:
212:
129:
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to hinder the approach of the enemy. In 1631 he used prisoners from the Anglo-French colonies of
128:(1570? – 1636) was Spanish soldier and engineer who became Governor and Captain-General of
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was established by the English in 1630 on an island called Santa Catalina by the Spanish, now
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553:"Los CRIPTOJUDÍOS DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS: UN ESLABÓN EN LA DIÁSPORA CONVERSA (1635-1649) ·"
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713:. Asociación para el Fomento de los Estudios Históricos en Centroamérica. Archived from
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191:
Based on his work on the fortifications, which included surrounding the city with heavy
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Afro-Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early Modern Ibero-Atlantic World, 1550-1812
263:, or illegal settlements, in the region. In 1631 Murga sent an expedition against a
734:
195:, Murga has been called the master builder of the walled city of Cartagena, the
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to fortify the bridge connecting the city with the Getsemaní suburb, building a
181:
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La Medida de El Dorado: Vida y empresas de emiliano-romañolos en las Américas
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711:"La cartografía colonial de Centroamérica y el topónimo 'mosquito'"
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established a base, but they were not able to locate the island.
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151:
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Las fortificaciones de Cartagena de Indias: Estrategia e historia
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Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
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354:
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Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire
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Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
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655:McKnight, Kathryn Joy; Garofalo, Leo (2009-11-25).
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502:Alcedo, Antonio de; Arrowsmith, Aaron (1812).
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8:
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685:The Spanish Dependencies in South America
580:. Harvard University Press. p. 84.
231:. Francisco de Murga dispatched Captain
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46:17 October 1629 – 17 July 1636
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331:
249:Murga had to deal with the problem of
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7:
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271:, a valuable historical document.
126:Francisco de Murga y Ortiz de Orué
23:Francisco de Murga y Ortiz de Orué
14:
731:"Las Fortificaciones de la Plaza"
601:Lea, Henry Charles (2010-06-10).
233:Gregorio de Castellar y Mantilla
760:Turchi, Maria Cristina (2009).
729:Segovia Salas, Rodolfo (1996).
607:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
762:"Cristóbal de Roda Antonelli"
682:Moses, Bernard (1966-11-14).
275:Quarrels with the inquisition
215:, to the east of what is now
164:Cartagena, Colombia, ca. 1600
768:(in Italian). Archived from
628:Marley, David (2005-08-31).
442:McKnight & Garofalo 2009
418:McKnight & Garofalo 2009
403:McKnight & Garofalo 2009
317:Alcedo & Arrowsmith 1812
57:Francisco Guzmán Luis Berrio
16:Spanish general and governor
800:17th-century Spanish people
574:Latimer, Jon (2009-06-01).
170:Cristóbal de Roda Antonelli
70:Antonio Maldonado de Tejeda
821:
709:Offen, Karl (March 2011).
156:Old defensive curtain wall
551:Escobar, Ricardo (2002).
283:Palace of the Inquisition
197:"Marquis de las Murallas"
119:
76:
39:
28:
688:. Taylor & Francis.
209:Providence Island colony
199:(Marquis of the Walls).
524:Block, Kristen (2007).
739:(in Spanish). Áncora.
661:. Hackett Publishing.
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140:Governor of Cartagena
34:Governor of Cartagena
136:. He died in 1636.
213:Isla de Providencia
361:Segovia Salas 1996
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269:Philip IV of Spain
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805:Colonial Colombia
746:978-958-36-0025-8
695:978-0-7146-2034-3
668:978-0-87220-993-0
641:978-1-57607-027-7
614:978-1-108-01458-8
587:978-0-674-03403-7
537:978-0-549-70756-1
229:Isthmus of Panama
203:Providence Island
134:Order of Santiago
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81:Personal details
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774:. Retrieved
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634:. ABC-CLIO.
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97:17 July 1636
65:Succeeded by
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795:1636 deaths
506:Information
344:Turchi 2009
332:Marley 2005
289:inquisition
238:Philip Bell
182:Saint Kitts
104:Nationality
52:Preceded by
789:Categories
776:2012-09-12
752:2012-09-12
721:2012-09-06
701:2012-09-12
674:2012-09-12
647:2012-09-12
620:2012-09-12
593:2012-09-07
566:2012-09-12
543:2012-09-12
516:2012-09-12
486:Moses 1966
430:Block 2007
376:Offen 2011
300:References
251:Cimarrones
186:Media Luna
112:Occupation
305:Citations
261:palenques
227:, on the
225:Portobelo
217:Nicaragua
130:Cartagena
99:Cartagena
42:In office
459:Lea 2010
265:palenque
174:Ravelins
89:Artomaña
72:(Acting)
59:(Acting)
495:Sources
256:Maroons
221:Puritan
148:Defense
115:Soldier
107:Spanish
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611:
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178:Nevis
741:ISBN
690:ISBN
663:ISBN
636:ISBN
609:ISBN
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532:ISBN
219:. A
207:The
180:and
94:Died
86:Born
511:328
253:or
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