112:
In the last clash, Sarmiento ordered the 600 Spanish survivors to retreat and go defend the castle where the civilian population of
Castelnuovo had taken refuge. Although the withdrawal was made in perfect order and discipline, Sarmiento and his men found that the doors of the castle were walled at
94:, Sarmiento fought 50,000 Ottomans with about three thousand men. He chose to keep on fighting against the Ottomans till the end, refusing to make pacts with them, even though they outnumbered them by far and he knew the
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their arrival. Sarmiento was offered a rope to raise him to the walls, but he refused to save himself and let his companions die. Thus, he joined Machín de Munguía, Juan Vizcaíno, and Sancho Frias to lead the
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could not come to their help. In the last and definitive attack, Francisco de
Sarmiento, on horseback, was wounded in the face by three arrows, but he continued to encourage his men.
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117:. Surrounded by the Ottoman army, the last Spanish soldiers fiercely fought until their death. Castelnuovo was lost to the Ottomans, who suffered huge casualties.
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and many from the other
Ottoman units. Something between 10,000 and 20,000 Ottomans were killed by the Spaniards in what resulted in an Ottoman
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34:. At this battle, Sarmiento offered a fierce resistance, inflicting heavy losses on the Ottomans, who outnumbered his troops by far.
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Dictionary of
Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century
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408:(in Spanish). Vol. I. Madrid, Spain: Est. tipográfico "Sucesores de Rivadeneyra".
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451:
Martínez Laínez, Fernando; Sánchez de Toca Catalá; José María (2006).
71:
48:
269:"Los Tercios en el Mediterráneo – Los Sitios de Castelnuovo y Malta"
497:(in Spanish). Bartolomé París (Pamplona), Pedro Escuer (Zaragoza).
310:
Charles Oman, A History of the Art of War in the
Sixteenth Century
406:
Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de
Castilla y Aragón
415:
Agents of empire: Spanish ambassadors in sixteenth-century Italy
101:
He inflicted heavy losses on the
Ottomans, killing all of the
136:"Francisco de Sarmiento, la furia española en Castelnuovo"
370:(in Spanish). Taravilla: Real Academia de la Historia.
495:
Historia de la vida y hechos del emperador Carlos V
26:commanding officer best known for his role in the
470:Martínez Ruiz, Enrique; Giménez, Enrique (1994).
8:
532:Spanish military personnel killed in action
453:Tercios de España: la infantería legendaria
436:. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group.
349:España en la vida italiana del Renacimiento
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66:It is said that he forged himself in the
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527:16th-century Spanish military personnel
328:Arsenal, León; Prado, Fernando (2008).
126:
417:. New York: Cornell University Press.
351:(in Spanish). Editorial Renacimiento.
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201:
7:
51:, and to have descended from infant
517:People of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars
472:Introducción a la historia moderna
385:Fernández Álvarez, Manuel (1999).
366:Fernández Álvarez, Manuel (2001).
14:
547:Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)
404:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1895).
493:De Sandoval, Prudencio (1634).
387:Carlos V, el César y el hombre
47:It is said he was a native of
22:(1498 – August 7, 1539) was a
1:
413:Jacob Levin, Michael (2005).
330:Rincones de historia española
30:, where he was killed by the
455:(in Spanish). Madrid: EDAF.
389:(in Spanish). Espasa-Calpe.
61:Francisco Sarmiento Mendoza
55:, son of the Castilian and
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16:Spanish commanding officer
347:Croce, Benedetto (2007).
240:Fernández Álvarez, p. 229
368:El Imperio de Carlos V
307:Oman, Charles (1937).
210:"Complejos del pasado"
174:"La gesta de un héroe"
134:de la Fuente, Manuel.
59:. He was the uncle of
20:Francisco de Sarmiento
432:Jaques, Tony (2007).
332:(in Spanish). EDAF.
297:Arsenal/Prado, p. 33
258:Arsenal/Prado, p. 32
92:siege of Castelnuovo
86:Siege of Castelnuovo
28:siege of Castelnuovo
279:on 4 September 2021
222:on 4 September 2021
186:on 1 September 2021
148:on 1 September 2021
522:People from Burgos
172:R. Pérez Barredo.
485:978-84-7090-293-2
462:978-84-414-1847-9
443:978-0-313-33538-9
424:978-0-8014-4352-7
377:978-84-89512-90-0
358:978-84-8472-268-7
339:978-84-414-2050-2
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103:Janissaries
96:Holy League
506:Categories
121:References
115:last stand
43:Early life
80:Benevento
38:Biography
32:Ottomans
90:At the
76:Caserta
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