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511:"it falls short of the 150 albums which Franco claimed back in the mid-1980s, but no doubt some of those were collections of singles for the African market"). Ten albums on the list were issued in 1983 alone. Other statements include: "he released roughly 150 albums and three thousand songs, of which Franco himself wrote about one thousand;" "Franco’s prolific output amounted to T.P.O.K releasing two songs a week over his nearly 40-year career, which ultimately comprised a catalogue of some 1000 songs;" "With his band OK Jazz he released at least 400 singles (more than half later compiled onto LP or CD) . . . . Ewens list 36 CDs; Asahi-net has 83;" and "from June 1956 to August 1961 the band recorded 320 tracks for the 78 rpm music label Loningisa."
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labels, in a variety of countries in Africa and Europe as well as the United States. In the 1990s, many of the albums were reissued in CD form by various record labels but haphazardly reorganized, often combining various parts of multiple albums onto single CDs. Since 2000, several compilations have been issued collecting aspects of Franco's work, most notably
407:, Franco was arrested and jailed for a "motoring offence." Upon his release, he regained and reinforced his local reputation as the "Sorcerer of the Guitar." His guitar technique was so influential that by the end of the 1950s and for years afterward, Congolese guitarists were divided into two camps, one led by Franco and the other led by
519:, a pair of two-CD sets of highlights issued by Stern's in 2007 and 2009 and spanning Franco's entire career. Through 2020, the Planet Ilunga record label is still able to issue (on vinyl and digitally) compilations that include tracks which had never been reissued since their original release as singles.
510:
in the thoroughly researched discography (based on the work of Ronnie Graham) in Ewens' 1994 biography of Franco; this list does not include compilation albums that also have other performers, or O.K. Jazz tribute albums and compilations issued after Franco's death (Ewens noted about this number that
514:
As a rough explanation of its nature, in the 1950s and 1960s Franco and TPOK Jazz issued singles, either 78rpm (1950s) or 45rpm (1960s), as well as some albums that were compilations of singles, and in the 1970s and 1980s they issued longer albums. All of this was done by a large number of record
367:
In 1955, Franco was among a loose group of
Leopoldville musicians that began working together under the auspices of the Loningisa studio; the group was known as Bana Loningisa (children of Loningisa). In 1956, an original founding core of six of those musicians, with Franco as the sole guitarist,
355:
record label and studio, who hired both as studio musicians. Franco released at least three records in 1953 with Watam on
Loningisa, on which he was credited as Lwambo François. Also in 1953, Franco released on Loningisa his first solo record, "Bolingo Na Ngai Na Beatrice" (my love for Beatrice),
505:
It is difficult to summarize the enormous volume of recordings issued by Franco (virtually all of them with TPOK Jazz), and work remains to be done in this area. The range of estimates suggest both the size of, and the uncertainties about, his output. An often-cited number is that Graeme Ewens
608:, that "Franco is beyond doubt Africa's most popular and influential musician." This is in addition to listing Franco first in his book's rank-ordered section on Congo and Zaire, and putting on the book's cover, to represent African music, a waist-up photo of Franco playing guitar.
593:
Franco was a member for 33 years, from its founding in 1956 until his death in 1989, of TPOK Jazz, which has been called "arguably the most influential
African band of the second half of the 20th century," and he was its co-leader or sole leader for most of that period.
330:
In 1950, Franco (then age 12), Dewayon (age 16), and others formed a group called Watam. They performed together for three years at weddings and funerals. With the support of Franco's mentor, the established musician Albert
Luampasi, they recorded a few songs on the
376:
was the original leader of O.K. Jazz, Franco was a prolific songwriter; Essous called him a "kind of genius" for having written over a hundred songs in his notebooks at that time. O.K. Jazz quickly became a rival to the leading established local band of that time,
323:. When his father, a railroad worker, died in 1949, he ended his formal education at age 10 or 11 and helped his mother by playing a homemade guitar, harmonica and other instruments to attract customers to her market stall in LĂ©opoldville's
414:
Through the 1960s, Franco and O.K. Jazz "toured regularly and recorded prolifically." By 1967 Franco was a co-leader of the band, with vocalist Vicky. When Vicky left in 1970, Franco became the sole leader of the band.
429:
In 1978, Franco was imprisoned for two months by Zaire's
President Mobutu for the lyrics to his songs "Helene" and "Jackie." Later the same year, however, President Mobutu decorated him for his musical contributions.
372:, from the place it had begun (it has also been said that O.K. stood for Orchestre Kinois, or the band of Kinshasa), and they were "baptized" under that name at a June 6, 1956 show at the O.K. Bar. While clarinetist
597:
Franco is commonly described as the preeminent
African musical figure of the 20th century. For example, world-music expert Alistair Johnston calls him "the giant of 20th century African music." A reviewer in
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385:. In December 1956, after some personnel changes, the new (and short-lived) lineup of O.K. Jazz released a rumba written by Franco' that would become the band's motto: "On Entre O.K., On Sort K.O."
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wrote that Franco "was widely recognised as the continent's greatest musician, back in the years before Ali Farka Touré or
Toumani Diabaté." Ronnie Graham wrote, in his encyclopedic 1988
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475:, of AIDS. (He never publicly acknowledged having AIDS, and while many sources flatly report it as the cause of death, others report this as unconfirmed, e.g.,
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agreed to accept a regular, paid gig at the O.K. Bar, named after its owner, Oskar
Kashama. A few weeks later, needing a name for a contract, the band used
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neighborhood. He also honed his guitar-playing by working with Paul "Dewayon" Ebengo, a slightly older friend who had a real guitar.
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that carried the song forward as on the crest of a wave," while percussion parts are "a cushion supporting the band, rather than a
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Franco's music often relied on huge ensembles, with as many as six vocalists and several guitarists. According to a description, "
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which made Franco a local celebrity in
Kinshasa. Bowane is also said to have given the young musician his lifelong name, Franco.
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uses "of an illness believed to be AIDS.") Upon his death, President Mobutu declared four days of national mourning in Zaire.
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Franco was married twice. He reportedly fathered eighteen children (seventeen of them girls) with fourteen women.
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Luambo recorded a 21-minute track, “Na
Lingaka Yo Yo Te”. It is the longest song recorded by a Congolese artist.
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In his thirty-three years with the band, Franco and TPOK Jazz released hundreds of singles and over 100 albums.
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672:"Franco" Luambo Makiadi* And His O.K. Jazz* – Live Recording of the Afro European Tour Volume 2 (LP, album)
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258:(6 July 1938 – 12 October 1989) was a Congolese musician. He was a major figure in 20th-century
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1401:"Jazz Safari features Congo's Music Legend Franco and His Challenge to Society: Beware of AIDS"
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are said to play the same role in Franco's style that blues notes fill in rock and roll.
680:"Franco" Luambo Makiadi* & His O.K Jazz* – Live Recording of the Afro European Tour
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La Vie Des Hommes – Ida – Celio (30 Ans De Carrière – 6 Juin 1956 – 6 Juin 1986) (LP)
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And then, another change to Tout Puissant O.K. Jazz (T.P.O.K. Jazz) (which stands in
396:(Bowane had left Loningisa after being outshone there by O.K. Jazz). While vocalist
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Le Grand Maitre Franco* - Baniel - Nana et le T.P.O.K. Jazz* - Les "On Dit" (LP)
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555:. Instead of raw, single-note lines, Franco built his band's style around crisp
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ranked him at number 71 on its list of the 250 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.
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Rumba on the river : a history of the popular music of the two Congos
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In 1957, O.K. Jazz lost its leader, Essous, as well as original vocalist
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1564:"New release: Franco & l'orchestre O.K. Jazz – La Rumba de mi Vida"
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might engage in an upbeat dialogue with the guitar, or set up hypnotic
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1118:"The Kinshasa cowboys: How Buffalo Bill started a subculture in Congo"
1055:"Dossier - Luambo-Makiadi "Franco", comme vous ne l'avez jamais connu"
1743:
A fan page for Franco and OK Jazz describing events decade by decade
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Franco played in the United States once, in 1983, appearing twice in
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Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos
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Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos
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record label. During this period Luambo became associated with the
290:", sold more than 200,000 copies and was certified gold. In 2023,
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In 1958, after O.K. Jazz returned to Leopoldville after a year in
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1323:"The Death of Simaro Lutumba Closes a Chapter of Congolese Music"
1057:[File - Luambo-Makiadi "Franco", as you never knew him].
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In 1953, Franco and Dewayon auditioned for musician and producer
392:, when they were hired away by Bowane for his new record label,
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1487:"The Return of the Rumba. "Franco, The Sorcerer of the Guitar""
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785:
The Rough Guide To Franco: Africa's Legendary Guitar Maestro
1695:
Congo Colossus: The Life and Legacy of Franco & OK Jazz
1433:
Congo Colossus: The Life and Legacy of Franco & OK Jazz
1148:[The memory of Luambo Makiadi Franco and Ok Jazz].
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in general, principally as the leader for over 30 years of
1300:. United Kingdom: Africa Books Limited. pp. 237–238.
732:
Franco Et Le T.P.O.K. Jazz – L'Animation Non Stop (LP)
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became the band's new leader, Franco also stepped up.
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Musical style, critical evaluations, and significance
1666:"CD: Franco & Le TPOK Jazz, Francophonic Vol. 1"
1146:"Le souvenir de Luambo Makiadi Franco et l'Ok Jazz"
773:
3eme Anniversaire de la Mort du Grand Maitre Yorgho
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845:Pas Un Pas Sans… The Boleros of O.K. Jazz 1957-77
696:Franco Et Sam Mangwana Avec Le T.P. O.K. Jazz* –
1836:AIDS-related deaths in the Republic of the Congo
1539:"O.K. Jazz - The Loningisa Years 1956-1961 2xLP"
809:Francophonic: A Retrospective, Vol. 2: 1980-1989
664:Franco Et L'Orchestre T.P.O.K. Jazz* – Untitled
1215:The Da Capo guide to contemporary African music
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797:Francophonic: A Retrospective Vol. 1 1953-1980
497:(left), and Joseph "Mujos" Mulama (center) in
455:Luambo was a vocal supporter of Zaire's ruler
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865:Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
748:Franco Et Sam Mangwana – For Ever (LP, Cass)
304:Born 6 July 1938 in his mother's hometown of
8:
1461:"Franco & le TPOK Jazz – 'Francophonic'"
698:Franco Et Sam Mangwana Avec Le T.P.O.K. Jazz
1811:Democratic Republic of the Congo guitarists
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606:Da Capo Guide to Contemporary African Music
539:Franco's guitar playing was unlike that of
1816:Democratic Republic of the Congo musicians
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624:This is a very preliminary, partial list.
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1375:"Spotlight on Congolese Superstar Franco"
1348:"The mixed legacy of DRC musician Franco"
1033:Rumba on the River: Web home of the book
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1697:. North Walsham, Norfolk: Buku Press.
1594:"The James Brown of Africa (Part Two)"
1271:"The James Brown of Africa (Part One)"
1053:Ossinonde, Clément (12 October 2020).
531:A statue depicting Franco unveiled in
1144:Ossinondé, Clément (5 October 2009).
831:Franco & l'Orchestre O.K. Jazz –
459:. However, they soon became enemies.
286:by female fans. His most known hit, "
7:
1664:Denselow, Robin (14 November 2008).
1298:Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)
641:Franco & Orchestre O.K. Jazz* –
1738:Discography of Franco & OK Jazz
1029:"Franco (Luambo Makiadi, François)"
563:, which "bounced around the beat."
467:Franco died on 12 October 1989, at
411:of Joseph Kabasele's African Jazz.
1321:Niarchos, Nicolas (25 June 2019).
319:, he grew up in the capital city,
25:
1754:Franco phonic – Vol. 1: 1953–1980
771:Franco & son T.P.O.K. Jazz –
64:Luambo Makiadi In the early 1970s
1425:Ewens, Graeme (4 January 1994).
1116:Page, Thomas (8 December 2015).
807:Franco & le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
795:Franco & le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
720:Franco & Le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
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120:Democratic Republic of the Congo
58:
1619:Lusk, Jon (22 September 2007).
1373:Schnabel, Tom (4 August 2020).
688:Soki Odefi Zongisa (LP, album)
256:François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi
81:François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi
1:
997:. Zenbu Media. Archived from
991:"World Music Legends: Franco"
821:The Loningisa Years 1956-1961
41: and the post-surname is
590:to raise the energy level."
278:. Known for his mastery of
1217:. New York: Da Capo Press.
942:. Verso. pp. 292–293.
363:O.K. Jazz in Brussels, 1961
351:, then with Leopoldville's
321:LĂ©opoldville (now Kinshasa)
1857:
1748:1983 Interview with Franco
1621:"Madilu System (obituary)"
1596:. Jazz.com. Archived from
1273:. Jazz.com. Archived from
1243:"Franco: artist biography"
989:Al Angeloro (March 2005).
712:1983 De Bruxelles A Paris
390:Philippe "Rossignol" Lando
28:
1801:People from Kongo Central
880:List of African musicians
847:(2 records, and digital)
835:(2 records, and digital)
823:(2 records, and digital)
708:Franco & Tabu Ley* –
57:
1774:17 December 2008 at the
1759:19 December 2019 at the
1405:New England Public Radio
655:Franco & L'O.K. Jazz
653:Franco & OK Jazz* –
1831:20th-century guitarists
1241:Nickson, Chris (2006).
1213:Graham, Ronnie (1988).
968:Rolling Stone Australia
493:Franco Luambo (right),
18:Francois Luambo Makiadi
1712:Stewart, Gary (2004).
1693:Ewens, Graeme (1994).
1465:Brave New World (blog)
1435:. Buku Press. 270-306
1296:Uwechue, Raph (1991).
1091:Stewart, Gary (2000).
936:Stewart, Gary (2003).
536:
502:
424:The Almighty O.K. Jazz
364:
70:Background information
643:L'Afrique Danse No. 6
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492:
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315:in what was then the
1806:Belgian Congo people
1645:Johnston, Alastair.
1600:on 28 September 2012
1512:Johnston, Alistair.
1352:New African Magazine
1001:on 28 September 2007
754:Compilation albums:
620:Selected discography
559:, often of only two
1841:Culture of Kinshasa
910:"Franco de Mi Amor"
833:La Rumba de mi Vida
573:consonant intervals
506:listed eighty-four
1491:Afro-Sonic Mapping
537:
503:
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1826:TPOK Jazz members
1821:Soukous musicians
1752:Liner notes from
1570:. 21 January 2020
1493:. 16 January 2019
1095:. London: Verso.
970:. 15 October 2023
949:978-1-85984-368-0
906:Christgau, Robert
851:
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374:Jean Serge Essous
284:Franco de Mi Amor
250:
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243:African Sun Music
157:Province of Namur
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16:(Redirected from
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1354:. 15 August 2018
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442:Manhattan Center
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1687:Further reading
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908:(3 July 2001).
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1723:978-1859843680
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1704:978-0952365518
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1647:"Congo part 1"
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1514:"Congo part 3"
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1446:978-0952365518
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31:Congolese name
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1467:. 20 May 2012
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1428:"Discography"
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915:Village Voice
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293:Rolling Stone
289:
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280:African Rumba
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272:Franco Luambo
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264:African music
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198:Instrument(s)
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168:African rumba
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114:Belgian Congo
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88:Also known as
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52:Franco Luambo
49:
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36:
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27:
19:
1769:Sterns Music
1713:
1694:
1673:. Retrieved
1670:The Guardian
1669:
1659:
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1592:Giola, Ted.
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
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1469:. Retrieved
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1420:
1408:. Retrieved
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1394:
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1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1269:Giola, Ted.
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1246:
1214:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1149:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:
1092:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1032:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
994:
984:
972:. Retrieved
967:
958:
938:
931:
919:. Retrieved
913:
844:
843:O.K. Jazz –
832:
820:
819:O.K. Jazz –
808:
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623:
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601:The Guardian
599:
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577:
565:Major thirds
545:Muddy Waters
538:
517:Francophonic
516:
513:
504:
501:, circa 1963
499:LĂ©opoldville
476:
466:
454:
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423:
417:
413:
409:Docteur Nico
402:
387:
379:African Jazz
366:
349:Henri Bowane
346:
339:subculture.
329:
303:
291:
283:
275:
271:
255:
254:
240:Le Passeport
209:Years active
151:(1989-10-12)
118:(modern-day
42:
38:
26:
1796:1989 deaths
1791:1938 births
1630:27 November
1410:19 November
1384:19 November
1358:19 November
1332:19 November
1181:20 November
1152:(in French)
1061:(in French)
1038:20 November
557:open chords
553:Chuck Berry
405:Brazzaville
325:Ngiri-Ngiri
309: [
213:1950s–1980s
178:Occupations
107:6 July 1938
1785:Categories
1675:4 December
1574:5 December
1548:5 December
1523:5 December
1497:5 December
1471:5 December
1307:0903274183
886:References
571:and other
300:Early life
274:or simply
190:songwriter
103:1938-07-06
76:Birth name
1765:Ken Braun
1716:. Verso.
1651:Muzikifan
1518:muzikifan
1437:320 pages
1248:All Music
1156:22 August
1150:Congopage
1065:22 August
1059:Congopage
860:TPOK Jazz
783:Franco –
353:Loningisa
306:Sona-Bata
268:TPOK Jazz
187:guitarist
159:, Belgium
140:Congolese
110:Sona Bata
1772:Archived
1757:Archived
1129:8 August
854:See also
811:(2 CDs)
799:(2 CDs)
543:such as
541:bluesmen
533:Kinshasa
451:Politics
438:New York
230:SonoDisc
29:In this
1176:Discogs
1172:"Watam"
1005:14 July
875:Soukous
535:in 2015
473:Belgium
370:OK Jazz
172:soukous
35:surname
1720:
1701:
1604:22 May
1443:
1304:
1281:22 May
1254:22 May
1221:
1099:
974:27 May
946:
921:22 May
763:Album
633:Album
569:sixths
508:albums
420:French
394:Esengo
381:under
343:Career
276:Franco
262:, and
234:Edipop
218:Labels
203:vocals
201:Guitar
184:Singer
164:Genres
137:
128:Origin
92:Franco
39:Luambo
33:, the
787:(CD)
775:(CD)
760:Year
700:(LP)
645:(LP)
630:Year
584:vamps
580:horns
561:notes
551:like
469:Namur
463:Death
337:Bills
333:Ngoma
313:]
288:Mario
225:Ngoma
1718:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1677:2020
1632:2020
1606:2019
1576:2020
1550:2020
1525:2020
1499:2020
1473:2020
1441:ISBN
1412:2020
1386:2020
1379:KCRW
1360:2020
1334:2020
1302:ISBN
1283:2019
1256:2019
1219:ISBN
1183:2020
1158:2024
1131:2024
1097:ISBN
1067:2024
1040:2020
1007:2012
976:2024
944:ISBN
923:2019
840:2020
828:2020
816:2017
804:2009
792:2007
780:2001
768:1993
745:1989
737:1988
729:1987
717:1986
705:1983
693:1982
685:1981
677:1977
669:1977
661:1974
650:1973
638:1969
588:prod
567:and
422:for
237:CHOC
146:Died
97:Born
1763:by
1123:CNN
547:or
471:in
440:'s
37:is
1787::
1767:/
1668:.
1649:.
1623:.
1584:^
1566:.
1541:.
1516:.
1489:.
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1233:^
1191:^
1174:.
1120:.
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993:.
966:.
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893:^
444:.
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311:fr
170:,
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978:.
952:.
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122:)
105:)
101:(
45:.
20:)
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