634:. A Japanese language edition of the book had been published in the 1960s and was a popular addition to the post-war history of Japan in that country. The book chronicles the complexities of initiating and organizing the defense force in the only country ever devastated by nuclear war. Clever political maneuvering overcame strong pacifist opposition as well as efforts to insert the Japanese militarist World War II officer cadre into the leadership of the defense force. In the end, a truly defensive rearmament prevailed in large part due to Kowalski's capable management of these dicey issues.
31:
630:, a force of over 75,000 that was organized to defend Japan, and skirted the American-drafted Japanese Constitution prohibition against organizing and maintaining a military force. Without the Japanese defense force, Japan and its approximately 100 thousand military dependents would have been completely vulnerable to potential Communist innovation from among other threats the Soviet Union, which was 40 miles across ocean from Japan's northernmost island. In 2013, Kowalski's memoir of his time in Japan was published in English as
654:. The Command Management School was the military's first effort to transpose the new corporate business practice of the 1950s into management of large military institutions. The school trained general officers with the business school "case study" method adopted from Columbia University's School of Business. Kowalski held this position until retiring from the Army to accept the Democratic nomination to run for Congress in Connecticut in 1958.
500:, Maryland, Kowalski experimented with several inventions, and with prototypes of several vehicles and weapons. While conducting a live fire exercise with armor-piercing ammunition, Kowalski was struck by a ricochet; the "spent" round hit his cheek and left him with a permanent scar. During this assignment, Kowalski received several patents for military weapons and equipment, and also became a member of the newly organized
415:. Withdrawn from the Alliance School after the death of his mother because his father refused to continue paying the tuition, and unhappy with a home life that included a new stepmother, Kowalski was 17 when he quit school in 1924 (while in the 11th grade) so he could enlist in the
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353:, Kowalski served in Japan, and his assignments included training and equipping a Japanese internal defense force; this force was organized as a police force rather than a military one, enabling Japan to skirt its post-World War II prohibition on training and equipping an army.
563:-based Disarmament School for the US Army, a secret program in which selected senior officers received instruction on methods to use in quickly de-militarizing Germany after the war and beginning its political, economic, and social restoration.
340:
Kowalski quit school in 1924, and enlisted in the Army. He received an appointment to West Point after a competitive examination, and graduated in 1930. He served initially in
Infantry assignments, and then received a graduate degree at the
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often worked in tandem to prevent the board from violating civil liberties in its efforts to identify pro-Communist employees of the federal government. Their efforts were successful to the point that the board was abolished in 1968.
559:. He landed in France on June 20, 1944, and made inspections of France, Poland, and Czechoslovakia to acquire data that would enable planning for post-war rebuilding. In 1944, he became Director of the
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worker, and the family also kept a farm. His parents also raised another child, Josephine, whose parents had died. The younger Frank
Kowalski assisted with farm chores while he attended the schools of
345:. He conducted experiments and research with weapons and vehicles in the late 1930s, and was responsible for training soldiers and units for deployment to the North African Theater at the start of
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troops and couriers on motorized vehicles to those on horses. Ultimately, the United States Army developed the jeep rather than the motorcycle to replace the horse. He was later assigned to the
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Congresses (January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1963). Elected to represent
Connecticut in an extra, at-large seat Kowalski maintained a liberal voting record in Congress; as a member of the
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349:. He subsequently served at Allied Headquarters in London, where he planned and oversaw the execution of plans for de-militarizing and rebuilding Germany after the war. During the
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582:. He became ill in 1945, and required operations that included removal of most of his stomach; Kowalski convalesced at Walter Reed Hospital for 18 months until late 1946.
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in 1937. His thesis was on the armor plating of tanks and other tracked vehicles; after completing his degree, he was assigned to the Army's
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through a competitive examination administered to eligible enlisted soldiers, and graduated from West Point in 1930. He was commissioned as a
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from 1946 to 1947, in 1948 Kowalski was assigned to the Post-war
Occupied Japan, and his assignments included Chief Military Governor of
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After several years of training troops and organizing units for deployment to combat theaters, in 1944 Kowalski was posted to the
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Carol was a teacher and guidance counselor in
Virginia, and after her retirement she was a volunteer counselor for abused women.
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After convalescing and completing a tour of duty as a liaison officer in the
Legislative Liaison Division of the
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After retiring from the Army in 1958, Kowalski was a successful
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of
Representatives from Connecticut
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746:. They were the parents of a son, Barry, and a daughter, Carol. Barry Kowalski was a
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in 1938, and then carried out an assignment aiding in the construction of what is now
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1096:"Frank Kowalski Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress"
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555:(SHAPE), and was responsible for planning and overseeing execution of
1082:. Hartford, Connecticut. October 13, 1974 – via Newspapers.com.
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In late 1944, Kowalski returned to the United States for training at
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709:(SACB) from 1963 to 1966. On this panel, Kowalski and fellow member
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candidate in 1962. After leaving Congress, Kowalski served on the
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An Inoffensive Rearmament: The Making of the Postwar Japanese Army
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An Inoffensive Rearmament: The Making of the Postwar Japanese Army
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313:(October 18, 1907 – October 11, 1974) was a career officer in the
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started in 1950, Kowalski was assigned as chief of staff of the
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immigrants Frank and Mary (Miller) Kowalczyk. His father was a
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38:
Pocket Congressional Directory of the Eighty-Seventh Congress
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In 1953, Kowalski was assigned as commander of the post at
531:, where he aided in training tank units for combat in the
434:, and advanced through the grades to receive promotion to
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In 1962, Kowalski was an unsuccessful candidate for the
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in 1958, and he was reelected in 1960; he served in the
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branch, and then was selected for post-graduate study.
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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United States Army Command and General Staff College
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American military officer and politician (1907–1974)
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705:. After leaving Congress, Kowalski served on the
458:course for officers. In 1931, he was stationed at
1063:. New York, New York: H. W. Wilson Company. 1961.
570:and post-graduate studies in foreign affairs at
1135:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website
1043:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
574:in preparation to assume duties as a military
1166:Connecticut's at-large congressional district
466:during the winter to compare the feasibility
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1225:United States Army personnel of World War II
1160:U.S. House of Representatives
662:During his military career he received the
602:, and then the Civil Affairs Region of the
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722:In retirement, Kowalski was a resident of
535:. In 1943 and 1944, Kowalski attended the
76:January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1963
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553:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
53:U.S. House of Representatives
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411:, a Polish-American boarding school in
1240:American politicians of Polish descent
1235:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1105:. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
680:United States House of Representatives
358:United States House of Representatives
1210:United States Military Academy alumni
487:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
450:Kowalski's initial assignment was at
343:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
197:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1076:"Col. Kowalski, Ex-Legislator, Dies"
985:"Col. Kowalski, Ex-Legislator, Dies"
515:, Florida, followed by a posting to
422:He earned a 1926 appointment to the
756:United States Department of Justice
707:Subversive Activities Control Board
366:Subversive Activities Control Board
620:Military Advisory Assistance Group
14:
1250:20th-century American legislators
1230:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
395:, on October 18, 1907 the son of
329:, Kowalski went on to serve as a
271:US Army Command Management School
1215:MIT School of Engineering alumni
1205:United States military governors
728:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
666:with oak leaf cluster, and the
1119:"Frank Kowalski (id: K000320)"
997:Burial Detail: Kowalski, Frank
424:United States Military Academy
387:Early life and start of career
193:United States Military Academy
1:
1158:Member of the
1143:U.S. House of Representatives
1094:McAleer, Margaret H. (2010).
379:, in 1974, and was buried at
678:Kowalski was elected to the
331:United States representative
754:, and an attorney with the
732:Arlington National Cemetery
381:Arlington National Cemetery
155:Arlington National Cemetery
1266:
1220:Columbia University alumni
1060:Current Biography Yearbook
940:Current Biography Yearbook
748:United States Marine Corps
438:in 1944, while serving in
407:, as well as the Alliance
249:US Army Disarmament School
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1015:An Inoffensive Rearmament
965:An Inoffensive Rearmament
926:An Inoffensive Rearmament
905:An Inoffensive Rearmament
891:An Inoffensive Rearmament
860:An Inoffensive Rearmament
846:An Inoffensive Rearmament
809:An Inoffensive Rearmament
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1117:United States Congress.
1037:Kowalski, Frank (2013).
744:New Britain, Connecticut
696:Armed Services Committee
509:Infantry Officers Course
261:Civil Affairs Region of
211:United States of America
1129:Retrieved on 2008-07-26
787:"Frank Kowalski Papers"
626:. He helped build the
507:Kowalski completed the
502:American Rocket Society
498:Aberdeen Proving Ground
317:, and was a veteran of
256:Military government of
251:Military government of
533:North African Campaign
529:Desert Training Center
527:, New York and at the
513:MacDill Air Force Base
483:mechanical engineering
325:. After retiring as a
391:Kowalski was born in
226:Years of service
1177:Bernard F. Grabowski
929:, pp. vii–viii.
724:Alexandria, Virginia
703:United States Senate
674:Congressional career
628:Japan Police Reserve
477:Kowalski received a
393:Meriden, Connecticut
373:Alexandria, Virginia
371:Kowalski retired to
362:United States Senate
127:Meriden, Connecticut
99:Bernard F. Grabowski
572:Columbia University
368:from 1963 to 1966.
174:Helene Amelia Bober
863:, pp. vi–vii.
496:While assigned to
417:United States Army
413:Erie, Pennsylvania
409:Preparatory School
315:United States Army
220:United States Army
1183:
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1174:Succeeded by
1050:978-1-61251-373-7
668:Bronze Star Medal
586:Post-World War II
479:Master of Science
428:second lieutenant
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299:Bronze Star Medal
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464:Upstate New York
460:Fort Sam Houston
377:Washington, D.C.
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276:Battles/wars
267:Fort Pickett
139:(1974-10-11)
94:Succeeded by
71:
39:
36:From 1961's
35:
1200:1974 deaths
1195:1907 births
752:Vietnam War
335:Connecticut
82:Preceded by
59:Connecticut
1189:Categories
1171:1959–1963
1069:Newspapers
769:References
616:Korean War
610:Korean War
481:degree in
351:Korean War
323:Korean War
284:Korean War
269:, Virginia
208:Allegiance
188:Alma mater
165:Democratic
120:1907-10-18
760:Alan Berg
614:When the
525:Fort Drum
485:from the
231:1930-1958
229:1924–1926
72:In office
1088:Internet
684:Democrat
652:Virginia
521:Kentucky
432:Infantry
321:and the
246:Commands
179:Children
65:district
63:at-large
1026:Sources
604:Chūgoku
598:, then
576:attaché
468:Cavalry
436:colonel
405:Meriden
401:foundry
327:colonel
263:Chūgoku
240:Colonel
1163:from
1047:
738:Family
658:Awards
580:Moscow
561:London
397:Polish
290:Awards
171:Spouse
1099:(PDF)
1031:Books
682:as a
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600:Osaka
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