338:, white on the middle of the belly and white earspots. It has a head and body length 165 to 180 mm (6.5 to 7.1 in) and forearm length 74 to 102 mm (2.9 to 4.0 in). The body weight of a female bat ranges from 56 to 115 g (2.0 to 4.1 oz) while that of a male bat ranges from 59 to 160 g (2.1 to 5.6 oz). Male bats have two pharyngeal sacs and shoulder pouches lined with glandular membranes. The epaulettes are due to white hair tufts and are prominent in dried laboratory specimens but may be concealed due to the shoulder pouches being contracted in the case of live bats. The epaulettes help spread olfactory cues by dispersing chemicals produced in the glandular shoulder patches.
75:
31:
50:
311:
197:
387:
In Uganda, Franquet's bat has been recorded as having two breeding seasons in a year, timed to coincide the births with the advent of the two rainy seasons prevalent in those regions. The gestation period lasts for five to six months. In the first breeding season implantation takes place in April and
378:
Occasionally, bats stuff their cheek pouches and fly to safe perches to eat where they move the contents from one cheek pouch to another, chewing with the large sharp teeth and swallowing the juices. Once the juice has all been extracted, they spit out the fibrous mass in the form of a pellet, large
358:
The males frequently perch by night in favourite trees generally a 100 meters or so apart and call noisily, display the epaulettes prominently while calling. The males increase their call rate in the presence of females; one male has been recorded as emitting 10,000 calls over a period of just three
799:
Gonzalez, Jean-Paul J.; Barbazan, Philippe; Baillon, Francois; Capelle, Julien; Chevallier, Damien; Cornet, Jean-Paul; Fournet, Florence; Herbreteau, Vincent; Hugot, Jean-Pierre; Le Gouilh, Meriadeg; Leroy, Eric; Mondet, Bernard; Nitatpattana, Narong; Rican, Stephane; Salem, Gerard; Tuntrapasarat,
374:
The extensible lips protrude and engulf the fruit. The hard rind is then pierced with the canines and premolars. The jaws squeeze the fruit while the tongue presses the fruit upwards onto the hard ridges of the palate; the juice being suctioned through the small opening at the rear of the mouth
388:
birth in
September while in the second breeding season implantation takes place in late September and birth in late February. At birth the young are 20 g (0.71 oz) in weight. Studies in Congo, Zaire and Ivory Coast indicate similar patterns of reproduction in these areas too.
362:
Franquet's bats are found in both forests and open country, roosting in trees and bushes by day when they are quite alert, often at a height of 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft). Not being gregarious, they are found either alone or in groups of two or three.
414:
Franquet's fruit bat is widely spread, has a large population, and present in many protected areas. It has been given a status of "Least
Concern". The species is adaptable and no direct conservation measures are thought to be necessary at present.
366:
Franquet's bat, like other epauletted fruit bats feeds mainly by night on fruit, nectar and the petals of certain flowers, making much noise while feeding. Suction, rather than mastication, appears to be the primary mode of consumption of food by
350:
and emits a high pitched call which is heard throughout the night. This call may last several minutes and sounds like "kyurnk" at close range and a musical whistle from far off. Franquet's bats, like many other large frugivorous bats, cannot
326:
from a specimen in the French
National Collection forwarded to it by a Dr Franquet of the French Imperial Navy. The habitat location has been mentioned as "Gaboon". The type location is considered to be as
223:
in the family
Pteropodidae, and is one of three different species of epauletted bats. Franquet's epauletted fruit bat has a range of habitats, varying from Subsaharan forest to equatorial tropics.
3794:
402:
antibodies in their serum. Viral RNA has also been isolated on at least one occasion. It is not known whether these species are incidental hosts or a reservoir of
3859:
396:
Franquet's epauletted fruit bat is one of three species of
African fruit bat, of which all are part of the diet of humans within Gabon and Congo, found to have
3967:
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hours on one evening. The calls of such males can be heard as far as a mile off and have been compared to a "flock of excited crows".
3256:
1727:
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Its natural habitat are subtropical or tropical dry, moist lowland, and mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and dry
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802:"32. Fundamentals, Domains and Diffusion of Disease Emergence : Tools and Strategies for a New Paradigm"
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Accessed through Google Books, limited preview. Original from Oxford
University, digitized on 10 May 2006.
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Catalogue of monkeys, lemurs, and fruit-eating bats in the collection of the
British museum
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2503:
2184:
1850:
1832:
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Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of
Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies
30:
832:
648:
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900:
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59:
54:
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2015:
1932:
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1498:
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310:
236:
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708:. Nature Watch Series (illustrated ed.). Lerner Publications. p. 20.
2962:
2273:
2151:
1974:
1611:
1263:
906:
3705:
3551:
3012:
2249:
1668:
1587:
1522:
1447:
1143:
630:
573:"A Monograph of the Genus Epomophorus with the Description of a New Species"
335:
86:
3898:
3699:
3561:
2333:
2225:
2091:
1692:
1423:
1239:
894:
888:
882:
876:
280:
252:
106:
683:(illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 104, 113.
3931:
3773:
3289:
864:
299:
272:
220:
146:
136:
379:
masses of which can be seen below trees where bats have been feeding.
3786:
3031:
729:
727:
725:
347:
288:
276:
244:
240:
116:
96:
3676:
653:. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). p.
328:
309:
268:
248:
612:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
284:
3760:
3680:
3160:
2946:
2075:
1875:
1652:
1127:
919:
836:
126:
615:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 324.
318:
The
Franquet's epauletted fruit bat was first described by
674:
672:
806:
Encyclopedia of infectious diseases: modern methodologies
406:
infection for humans and other terrestrial mammals.
291:, and possibly Zambia. Reports of this species from
3888:
3689:
3638:
3596:
3587:
3559:
3550:
3496:
3463:
3439:
3430:
3402:
3361:
3337:
3287:
3183:
3174:
3010:
2960:
2901:
2331:
2271:
2247:
2223:
2182:
2149:
2089:
2013:
1972:
1930:
1889:
1830:
1690:
1666:
1609:
1585:
1544:
1520:
1496:
1445:
1421:
1397:
1347:
1261:
1237:
1206:
1182:
1141:
1082:
933:
531:Nowak, Ronald M.; Walker, Ernest Pillsbury (1994).
737:The International Wildlife Encyclopedia (Volume 1)
532:
486:
808:(illustrated ed.). Wiley-Liss. p. 553.
577:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
464:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T7909A166505893.en
848:
334:It is a tail-less brown bat with large white
8:
539:(illustrated ed.). JHU Press. pp.
231:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat ranges from
3677:
3593:
3556:
3436:
3180:
3171:
3157:
2957:
2943:
2086:
2072:
1886:
1872:
1663:
1649:
1138:
1124:
930:
916:
855:
841:
833:
679:Kunz, Thomas H.; Fenton, M. Brock (2006).
195:
48:
29:
20:
462:
346:The adult male Franquet's bat has a bony
3525:East African little collared fruit bat (
740:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 907–908.
734:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (1970).
331:and no subspecies have been recognised.
3414:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
424:
247:. Specifically, it is found in Angola,
434:
432:
430:
428:
204:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat range
3381:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3239:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
7:
3390:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3307:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
1809:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1317:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
953:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
706:Bats: mysterious flyers of the night
24:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat
3968:IUCN Red List least concern species
3257:East African epauletted fruit bat (
1728:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
1719:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
1710:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
485:Ronald M. Nowak (1 December 1994).
450:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2745:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
1764:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
1737:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1335:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
989:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
579:. Zoological Society of London: 54
14:
3325:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3275:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
2922:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
2119:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
1818:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
1782:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
1755:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
1052:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
3248:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
2913:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
1800:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
1791:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
1103:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
439:Kityo, R.; Nalikka, B. (2020) .
265:Democratic Republic of the Congo
73:
3221:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3212:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2468:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2319:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2283:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2170:Small white-winged flying fox (
1773:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1326:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
980:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
800:Wailarut; Souris, Marc (2007).
211:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat
3230:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3203:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2292:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1281:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
1034:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
1025:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
1007:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
804:. In Tibayrenc, Michel (ed.).
1:
3516:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
1746:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
1094:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
1016:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
998:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
962:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
314:Photograph of a male specimen
3506:(Little collared fruit bats)
3266:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
2817:Philippine gray flying fox (
2414:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1475:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
1070:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
375:leading to a large pharynx.
3534:Little collared fruit bat (
2192:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
2001:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1409:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
778:. Springer. pp. 160–.
3994:
2871:New Caledonia flying fox (
2621:Black-bearded flying fox (
2310:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2301:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2211:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
1842:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1484:White-collared fruit bat (
1466:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1376:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1218:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1194:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
535:Walker's bats of the world
489:Walker's Bats of the World
322:in 1860 and classified as
3978:Mammals described in 1860
3608:Short-palated fruit bat (
3170:
3156:
2956:
2942:
2718:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
2549:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2450:Large Samoan flying fox (
2378:Small Samoan flying fox (
2259:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2235:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2161:White-winged flying fox (
2085:
2071:
2051:Moss-forest blossom bat (
1951:Black-bellied fruit bat (
1942:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
1909:Long-tongued nectar bat (
1899:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
1885:
1871:
1662:
1648:
1564:Greater musky fruit bat (
1367:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
1137:
1123:
971:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
929:
915:
871:
863:Extant species of family
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
3571:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
3082:Leschenault's rousette (
2727:Grey-headed flying fox (
2630:Black-eared flying fox (
2513:Ontong Java flying fox (
2405:Ashy-headed flying fox (
1982:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
1918:Long-tongued fruit bat (
1700:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
1573:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1249:Black-capped fruit bat (
1061:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
571:Tomes, Dr J. E. (1860).
295:appear to be erroneous.
257:Central African Republic
3617:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
2826:Temminck's flying fox (
2799:Little red flying fox (
2781:Madagascan flying fox (
2531:Andersen's flying fox (
2495:Gilliard's flying fox (
2441:Spectacled flying fox (
2042:Halmahera blossom bat (
1992:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1433:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1290:Horsfield's fruit bat (
1043:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
943:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
3371:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3193:(Epauleted fruit bats)
3127:Long-haired rousette (
3109:Bare-backed rousette (
2808:Seychelles fruit bat (
2772:Rodrigues flying fox (
2657:Mauritian flying fox (
2585:Big-eared flying fox (
2351:Admiralty flying fox (
2202:Madagascan fruit bat (
1960:Woodford's fruit bat (
1597:Blanford's fruit bat (
1271:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1228:Balionycteris seimundi
609:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
493:. JHU Press. pp.
324:Epomophorus francqueti
315:
3890:Epomophorus franqueti
3136:Madagascan rousette (
3055:Geoffroy's rousette (
3020:(rousette fruit bats)
2998:Philippine dawn bat (
2844:Vanikoro flying fox (
2754:Solomons flying fox (
2639:Caroline flying fox (
2423:Moluccan flying fox (
2101:Sulawesi flying fox (
457:: e.T7909A166505893.
313:
261:Republic of the Congo
3650:Zenker's fruit bat (
3316:Dobson's fruit bat (
2980:Greater nectar bat (
2835:Insular flying fox (
2763:Rennell flying fox (
2567:Okinawa flying fox (
2477:Nicobar flying fox (
2387:Vanuatu flying fox (
2360:Aldabra flying fox (
2033:Common blossom bat (
1678:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1457:Tailless fruit bat (
1299:Peters's fruit bat (
704:Stuart, Dee (1994).
3626:Pohle's fruit bat (
3475:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3349:Hammer-headed Bat (
3138:R. madagascariensis
3073:Egyptian rousette (
3064:Sulawesi rousette (
2853:Kosrae flying fox (
2709:Masked flying fox (
2684:Ornate flying fox (
2666:Temotu flying fox (
2612:Indian flying fox (
2603:Mariana fruit bat (
2594:Lesser flying fox (
2576:Lyle's flying fox (
2558:Lombok flying fox (
2459:Ryukyu flying fox (
2432:Makira flying fox (
2172:D. microleucopterus
2128:Palawan fruit bat (
2110:Talaud flying fox (
770:Charles H. Calisher
410:Conservation status
40:Conservation status
3451:Angolan rousette (
3091:Linduan Rousette (
3057:R. amplexicaudatus
3037:Manado fruit bat (
2889:Dwarf flying fox (
2880:Pemba flying fox (
2862:Large flying fox (
2790:Samoa flying fox (
2736:Bonin flying fox (
2700:Pelew flying fox (
2648:Great flying fox (
2522:Small flying fox (
2486:Banks flying fox (
2369:Black flying fox (
2137:Sunda flying fox (
1554:(Musky fruit bats)
1357:(Dayak fruit bats)
1308:Minute fruit bat (
1161:Borneo fruit bat (
1151:(Pygmy fruit bats)
603:"Order Chiroptera"
316:
219:) is a species of
3955:
3954:
3873:Open Tree of Life
3721:Epomops franqueti
3691:Epomops franqueti
3683:Taxon identifiers
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3619:C. campomaanensis
3583:
3582:
3546:
3545:
3509:
3426:
3425:
3374:
3300:
3196:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3100:Comoro rousette (
3023:
2989:Cave nectar bat (
2973:
2970:(Dawn fruit bats)
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2675:Ceram fruit bat (
2504:Gray flying fox (
2443:P. conspicillatus
2344:
2195:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2026:
1985:
1902:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1851:Harpy fruit bat (
1703:
1656:Harpyionycterinae
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1621:Swift fruit bat (
1557:
1532:Dusky fruit bat (
1510:O. cartilagonodus
1508:Luzon fruit bat (
1385:Dayak fruit bat (
1360:
1337:C. titthaecheilus
1274:
1251:C. melanocephalus
1170:Pygmy fruit bat (
1154:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
946:
815:978-0-471-65732-3
785:978-3-211-69495-4
747:978-0-7614-7266-7
715:978-0-87614-814-3
690:978-0-226-46207-3
645:Gray, John Edward
622:978-0-8018-8221-0
550:978-0-8018-4986-2
504:978-0-8018-4986-2
443:Epomops franqueti
293:Equatorial Guinea
227:Range and habitat
216:Epomops franqueti
208:
207:
179:Epomops franqueti
161:E. franqueti
63:
3985:
3948:
3947:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3828:
3816:
3815:
3803:
3802:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3750:
3738:
3737:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3678:
3594:
3557:
3518:M. brachycephala
3508:
3507:
3503:
3484:Woermann's bat (
3437:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3299:
3298:
3297:(Epauleted bats)
3294:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3158:
3022:
3021:
3017:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2944:
2810:P. seychellensis
2729:P. poliocephalus
2650:P. neohibernicus
2540:Kei flying fox (
2425:P. chrysoproctus
2396:Aru flying fox (
2353:P. admiralitatum
2343:
2342:
2338:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2087:
2073:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2003:N. neocaledonica
1984:
1983:
1979:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1873:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1664:
1650:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1125:
945:
944:
940:
931:
917:
857:
850:
843:
834:
827:
826:
824:
822:
796:
790:
789:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
731:
720:
719:
701:
695:
694:
676:
667:
665:
663:
661:
641:
635:
634:
595:
589:
588:
586:
584:
568:
562:
561:
559:
557:
538:
528:
509:
508:
492:
482:
476:
475:
473:
471:
466:
436:
199:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3917:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3811:
3806:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3685:
3675:
3658:
3634:
3579:
3542:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3492:
3459:
3422:
3398:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3357:
3333:
3309:E. buettikoferi
3296:
3295:
3293:
3283:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3166:
3144:
3084:R. leschenaulti
3019:
3018:
3016:
3006:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2952:
2930:
2897:
2846:P. tuberculatus
2668:P. nitendiensis
2551:P. livingstonii
2497:P. gilliardorum
2340:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2267:
2243:
2219:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2145:
2081:
2059:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2009:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1926:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1881:
1859:
1833:Harpyionycteris
1826:
1793:D. pannietensis
1699:
1698:
1696:
1686:
1658:
1636:
1605:
1581:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1516:
1492:
1441:
1417:
1393:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1319:C. nusatenggara
1270:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1233:
1202:
1196:A. paucidentata
1178:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1133:
1111:
1078:
942:
941:
939:
925:
911:
867:
861:
831:
830:
820:
818:
816:
798:
797:
793:
786:
772:(29 May 2008).
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
748:
733:
732:
723:
716:
703:
702:
698:
691:
678:
677:
670:
659:
657:
643:
642:
638:
623:
597:
596:
592:
582:
580:
570:
569:
565:
555:
553:
551:
530:
529:
512:
505:
484:
483:
479:
469:
467:
438:
437:
426:
421:
412:
394:
385:
344:
320:Robert F. Tomes
308:
279:, South Sudan,
267:, Ivory Coast,
229:
190:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3991:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3936:
3923:
3910:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3843:
3830:
3817:
3804:
3791:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3739:
3726:
3711:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3591:
3589:Scotonycterini
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3387:
3383:M. intermedius
3377:
3375:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3075:R. aegyptiacus
3070:
3061:
3044:
3043:
3026:
3024:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2919:
2915:S. mindorensis
2909:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2774:P. rodricensis
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2623:P. melanopogon
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2569:P. loochoensis
2564:
2560:P. lombocensis
2555:
2546:
2537:
2533:P. intermedius
2528:
2524:P. hypomelanus
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2416:P. capistratus
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2362:P. aldabrensis
2357:
2347:
2345:
2341:(flying foxes)
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2163:D. leucopterus
2157:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2023:(blossom bats)
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1883:
1882:
1879:Macroglossinae
1876:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1784:D. moluccensis
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1301:C. luzoniensis
1296:
1292:C. horsfieldii
1287:
1277:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1027:N. malaitensis
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
949:
947:
927:
926:
920:
913:
912:
910:
909:
903:
901:Laurasiatheria
897:
891:
885:
879:
872:
869:
868:
862:
860:
859:
852:
845:
837:
829:
828:
814:
791:
784:
760:
746:
721:
714:
696:
689:
668:
636:
621:
590:
563:
549:
510:
503:
477:
423:
422:
420:
417:
411:
408:
393:
392:Disease vector
390:
384:
381:
343:
340:
307:
304:
228:
225:
206:
205:
201:
200:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Species of bat
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3990:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3641:Scotonycteris
3637:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3466:Megaloglossus
3462:
3456:
3454:
3453:L. angolensis
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3442:Lissonycteris
3438:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3416:N. veldkampii
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3364:Micropteropus
3360:
3354:
3352:
3351:H. monstrosus
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3205:E. angolensis
3201:
3200:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:Epomophorinae
3159:
3155:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3122:Stenonycteris
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:R. spinalatus
3107:
3105:
3103:
3102:R. obliviosus
3098:
3096:
3094:
3093:R. linduensis
3089:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3066:R. celebensis
3062:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:P. voeltzkowi
2878:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2828:P. temminckii
2824:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2801:P. scapulatus
2797:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2711:P. personatus
2707:
2705:
2703:
2702:P. pelewensis
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2641:P. molossinus
2637:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2461:P. dasymallus
2457:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2103:A. celebensis
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:N. macdonaldi
1990:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1944:M. fardoulisi
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1856:
1854:
1853:H. whiteheadi
1849:
1847:
1845:
1844:H. celebensis
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1811:D. praedatrix
1807:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1631:T. suhaniahae
1628:
1626:
1624:
1623:T. nigrescens
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1400:Haplonycteris
1396:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:C. brachyotis
1279:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1209:Balionycteris
1205:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1085:Paranyctimene
1081:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1001:
1000:N. draconilla
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
983:
978:
976:
974:
973:N. cephalotes
969:
967:
965:
964:N. albiventer
960:
958:
956:
951:
950:
948:
938:
937:
932:
928:
924:
918:
914:
908:
904:
902:
898:
896:
892:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
873:
870:
866:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
838:
835:
817:
811:
807:
803:
795:
792:
787:
781:
777:
776:
771:
764:
761:
749:
743:
739:
738:
730:
728:
726:
722:
717:
711:
707:
700:
697:
692:
686:
682:
675:
673:
669:
656:
652:
651:
646:
640:
637:
632:
628:
624:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
600:
599:Simmons, N.B.
594:
591:
578:
574:
567:
564:
552:
546:
542:
537:
536:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
511:
506:
500:
496:
491:
490:
481:
478:
465:
460:
456:
452:
451:
446:
444:
435:
433:
431:
429:
425:
418:
416:
409:
407:
405:
401:
400:
391:
389:
382:
380:
376:
372:
370:
364:
360:
356:
354:
349:
341:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
321:
312:
305:
303:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:and south to
238:
234:
226:
224:
222:
218:
217:
212:
202:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3889:
3690:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3599:Casinycteris
3597:
3573:P. anchietae
3572:
3560:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3497:
3486:M. woermanni
3485:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3432:Myonycterini
3415:
3405:Nanonycteris
3403:
3391:
3382:
3362:
3350:
3340:Hypsignathus
3338:
3327:E. franqueti
3326:
3324:
3317:
3308:
3288:
3277:E. wahlbergi
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3232:E. gambianus
3231:
3223:E. crypturus
3222:
3213:
3204:
3184:
3176:Epomophorini
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3011:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2961:
2923:
2914:
2904:Styloctenium
2902:
2891:P. woodfordi
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2819:P. speciosus
2818:
2809:
2800:
2792:P. samoensis
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2738:P. pselaphon
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2694:P. pelagicus
2692:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2632:P. melanotus
2631:
2622:
2613:
2605:P. mariannus
2604:
2596:P. mahaganus
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2389:P. anetianus
2388:
2380:P. allenorum
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2332:
2320:
2311:
2303:P. flanneryi
2302:
2293:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2237:M. acrodonta
2236:
2224:
2212:
2204:E. dupreanum
2203:
2183:
2171:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2090:
2079:Pteropodinae
2052:
2044:S. carolinae
2043:
2035:S. australis
2034:
2016:Syconycteris
2014:
2002:
1993:
1973:
1962:M. woodfordi
1961:
1952:
1943:
1933:Melonycteris
1931:
1919:
1910:
1892:Macroglossus
1890:
1852:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1739:D. crenulata
1738:
1729:
1721:D. beauforti
1720:
1712:D. anderseni
1711:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1629:
1622:
1610:
1599:S. blanfordi
1598:
1586:
1574:
1565:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1459:M. ecaudatus
1458:
1446:
1435:L. salimalii
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1387:D. spadiceus
1386:
1377:
1368:
1348:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1185:Alionycteris
1183:
1171:
1162:
1142:
1131:Cynopterinae
1104:
1095:
1083:
1072:N. vizcaccia
1071:
1063:N. robinsoni
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
934:
923:Nyctimeninae
899:Superorder:
893:Infraclass:
865:Pteropodidae
819:. Retrieved
805:
794:
774:
763:
751:. Retrieved
736:
705:
699:
680:
658:. Retrieved
649:
639:
611:
607:Wilson, D.E.
593:
581:. Retrieved
576:
566:
554:. Retrieved
534:
488:
480:
468:. Retrieved
454:
448:
442:
413:
403:
398:
395:
386:
383:Reproduction
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
345:
333:
323:
317:
297:
230:
215:
214:
210:
209:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
137:Pteropodidae
18:
3782:iNaturalist
3715:Wikispecies
3628:C. ophiodon
3610:C. argynnis
3536:M. torquata
3499:Myonycteris
3392:M. pusillus
3250:E. labiatus
3186:Epomophorus
2950:Rousettinae
2924:S. wallacei
2864:P. vampyrus
2837:P. tonganus
2765:P. rennelli
2677:P. ocularis
2587:P. macrotis
2542:P. keyensis
2515:P. howensis
2488:P. fundatus
2479:P. faunulus
2434:P. cognatus
2407:P. caniceps
2398:P. aruensis
2152:Desmalopex
2139:A. mackloti
2130:A. leucotis
1953:M. melanops
1920:M. sobrinus
1730:D. chapmani
1680:A. bulmerae
1547:Ptenochirus
1499:Otopteropus
1486:M. wetmorei
1477:M. niphanae
1468:M. kusnotoi
1411:H. fischeri
1378:D. rickarti
1350:Dyacopterus
1220:B. maculata
1163:A. aequalis
991:N. cyclotis
768:Jens Kuhn;
681:Bat Ecology
353:echo-locate
306:Description
237:South Sudan
233:Ivory Coast
3962:Categories
3905:Q109647280
3652:S. zenkeri
3527:M. relicta
3477:M. azagnyi
3318:E. dobsoni
3259:E. minimus
3241:E. grandis
3214:E. anselli
3162:Subfamily
3129:R. lanosus
3000:E. robusta
2991:E. spelaea
2963:Eonycteris
2948:Subfamily
2873:P. vetulus
2855:P. ualanus
2756:P. rayneri
2747:P. pumilus
2686:P. ornatus
2506:P. griseus
2470:P. ennisae
2312:P. pulchra
2274:Pteralopex
2121:A. jubatus
2112:A. humilis
2077:Subfamily
1975:Notopteris
1911:M. minimus
1877:Subfamily
1820:D. viridis
1802:D. peronii
1766:D. inermis
1757:D. exoleta
1654:Subfamily
1612:Thoopterus
1369:D. brooksi
1310:C. minutus
1264:Cynopterus
1129:Subfamily
1045:N. minutus
1036:N. masalai
982:N. certans
921:Subfamily
907:Chiroptera
419:References
404:Ebolavirus
399:Ebolavirus
336:epaulettes
127:Chiroptera
3552:Plerotini
3120:Subgenus
3050:Rousettus
3048:Subgenus
3039:R. bidens
3030:Subgenus
3013:Rousettus
2720:P. pohlei
2614:P. medius
2371:P. alecto
2294:P. atrata
2285:P. anceps
2261:N. frosti
2250:Neopteryx
2213:E. helvum
2053:S. hobbit
1748:D. emersa
1669:Aproteles
1588:Sphaerias
1566:P. jagori
1534:P. lucasi
1523:Penthetor
1448:Megaerops
1328:C. sphinx
1172:A. alecto
1144:Aethalops
1096:P. raptor
1054:N. rabori
1009:N. keasti
936:Nyctimene
875:Kingdom:
647:(1870) .
348:voice box
342:Behaviour
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
3899:Wikidata
3852:13800123
3800:10234012
3700:Wikidata
3562:Plerotes
3268:E. minor
2982:E. major
2783:P. rufus
2659:P. niger
2578:P. lylei
2334:Pteropus
2226:Mirimiri
2092:Acerodon
1775:D. minor
1693:Dobsonia
1575:P. minor
1424:Latidens
1240:Chironax
1105:P. tenax
1018:N. major
955:N. aello
895:Eutheria
889:Mammalia
883:Chordata
881:Phylum:
877:Animalia
631:62265494
601:(2005).
281:Tanzania
253:Cameroon
133:Family:
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
3973:Epomops
3932:8330078
3839:1004528
3774:2432802
3706:Q303030
3290:Epomops
2452:P. coxi
2321:P. taki
2185:Eidolon
905:Order:
887:Class:
470:18 July
369:Epomops
300:savanna
273:Nigeria
221:megabat
189:, 1860)
148:Epomops
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
3945:946861
3878:558417
3813:631578
3761:327345
3735:503090
3032:Boneia
821:22 May
812:
782:
753:22 May
744:
712:
687:
660:22 May
629:
619:
583:22 May
556:22 May
547:
501:
371:bats.
289:Uganda
277:Rwanda
245:Zambia
241:Angola
3919:6FX9Z
3865:77231
3795:IRMNG
3787:40804
3748:6G8Y5
605:. In
543:–65.
329:Gabon
269:Ghana
249:Benin
187:Tomes
3940:ITIS
3927:GBIF
3860:NCBI
3826:7909
3821:IUCN
3808:ITIS
3769:GBIF
3730:BOLD
823:2011
810:ISBN
780:ISBN
755:2011
742:ISBN
710:ISBN
685:ISBN
662:2011
627:OCLC
617:ISBN
585:2011
558:2011
545:ISBN
499:ISBN
472:2020
455:2020
285:Togo
243:and
3914:CoL
3847:MSW
3834:MDD
3756:EoL
3743:CoL
655:126
497:–.
459:doi
235:to
3964::
3942::
3929::
3916::
3901::
3875::
3862::
3849::
3836::
3823::
3810::
3797::
3784::
3771::
3758::
3745::
3732::
3717::
3702::
3125::
3053::
3035::
724:^
671:^
625:.
575:.
541:64
513:^
495:64
453:.
447:.
427:^
355:.
302:.
287:,
283:,
275:,
271:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
3654:)
3630:)
3621:)
3612:)
3575:)
3538:)
3529:)
3520:)
3488:)
3479:)
3455:)
3418:)
3394:)
3385:)
3353:)
3329:)
3320:)
3311:)
3279:)
3270:)
3261:)
3252:)
3243:)
3234:)
3225:)
3216:)
3207:)
3140:)
3131:)
3113:)
3104:)
3095:)
3086:)
3077:)
3068:)
3059:)
3041:)
3002:)
2993:)
2984:)
2926:)
2917:)
2893:)
2884:)
2875:)
2866:)
2857:)
2848:)
2839:)
2830:)
2821:)
2812:)
2803:)
2794:)
2785:)
2776:)
2767:)
2758:)
2749:)
2740:)
2731:)
2722:)
2713:)
2704:)
2688:)
2679:)
2670:)
2661:)
2652:)
2643:)
2634:)
2625:)
2616:)
2607:)
2598:)
2589:)
2580:)
2571:)
2562:)
2553:)
2544:)
2535:)
2526:)
2517:)
2508:)
2499:)
2490:)
2481:)
2472:)
2463:)
2454:)
2445:)
2436:)
2427:)
2418:)
2409:)
2400:)
2391:)
2382:)
2373:)
2364:)
2355:)
2323:)
2314:)
2305:)
2296:)
2287:)
2263:)
2239:)
2215:)
2206:)
2174:)
2165:)
2141:)
2132:)
2123:)
2114:)
2105:)
2055:)
2046:)
2037:)
2005:)
1996:)
1964:)
1955:)
1946:)
1922:)
1913:)
1855:)
1846:)
1822:)
1813:)
1804:)
1795:)
1786:)
1777:)
1768:)
1759:)
1750:)
1741:)
1732:)
1723:)
1714:)
1682:)
1625:)
1601:)
1577:)
1568:)
1536:)
1512:)
1488:)
1479:)
1470:)
1461:)
1437:)
1413:)
1389:)
1380:)
1371:)
1339:)
1330:)
1321:)
1312:)
1303:)
1294:)
1285:)
1253:)
1222:)
1198:)
1174:)
1165:)
1107:)
1098:)
1074:)
1065:)
1056:)
1047:)
1038:)
1029:)
1020:)
1011:)
1002:)
993:)
984:)
975:)
966:)
957:)
856:e
849:t
842:v
825:.
788:.
757:.
718:.
693:.
664:.
633:.
587:.
560:.
507:.
474:.
461::
445:"
441:"
213:(
185:(
62:)
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