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795:, as there was no room for both railway and road on the narrow, steep mountainsides above the river. As a result, the towns of Lytton and Boston Bar were cut off from road access with the rest of the province, other than by the difficult wagon road to Lillooet via Fountain. During the automotive age and following the construction of the Canadian Northern Railway in 1904–05, a newer version of the road was built through the canyon. The Fraser Canyon Highway was surveyed in 1920 and constructed in 1924–25 with a through-route available after the completion of the (second)
432:—a pair of railway bridges at the throat of a rocky gorge. From south to north, the Canadian Pacific has been on the west side of the canyon, while the Canadian National has been on the east side. At Siska, the two railways switch sides: the CP—160-metre-long (520 ft) truss bridge—crosses to the east, the CN—on an 250-metre (810 ft) steel-arched bridge over the CP—is now on the west. The two railways now have an agreement to allow directional running through the canyon as far as Basque. All eastbound trains—CN, CP, and Via Rail's eastbound
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there are only rough ranching roads, and the terrain is a mix of canyon depths flanked by arid benchland and high plateau. Between
Pavilion and Lillooet, the river's gorge is at its maximum depth, with the river throttled through a series of narrow gorges flanked by high cliffs, though still flanked
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The river is navigable between Boston Bar and
Lillooet and also between Big Bar Ferry and Prince George and beyond, although rapids at Soda Canyon and elsewhere were still difficult waters for the many steamboats which piloted the river in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first sternwheeler to
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carved out of its rock faces, with many of the canyon's side-crevasses spanned by bridges and trestles. Prior to the double-tracking of those railways and major upgrades to
Highway 1 (the Trans Canada Highway), travel through the canyon was even more precarious than it is now. During the frontier
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In order from south to north, they are: Yale (completed 1963), Saddle Rock (1958), Sailor Bar (1959), Alexandra (1964), Hell's Gate (1960), Ferrabee (1964) and China Bar (1961). The Hell's Gate tunnel is the only tunnel that does not have lights, while the China Bar tunnel is the only tunnel that
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The
Canadian Pacific Railway has at least 30 tunnels in its Yale to Lytton section with one up to half a mile in length. The Fraser Canyon Highway Tunnels were constructed from the spring of 1957 to 1964 as part of the Trans-Canada Highway project. There are seven tunnels in total, the shortest
565:. Despite its name, the Grand Canyon of the Fraser is only one treacherous switchback rapid in a shallow rock gorge, and it has neither the roughness of water nor the depth and severity of canyon as is found in the area south from Big Bar to Lillooet or between Boston Bar and Yale.
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era it was a major obstacle between the Lower
Mainland and the Interior Plateau, and the slender trails along its rocky walls – many of them little better than notches cut into granite, with a few handholds – were compared to goat-tracks.
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The China Bar and
Alexandra tunnels have warning lights that are activated by cyclists before they enter the tunnels. This was required because the tunnels are curved. It is expected that the Ferrabee tunnel will get the same warning lights as it too is curved.
474:, 32 kilometres (20 mi) farther south, is considered a canyon town and to be the southern outlet of the canyon because the highway became more difficult from that point; the river is navigable to Yale). Between the Spuzzum and Boston Bar was known in the
482:(in some descriptions the Black Canyon is below Hell's Gate). Above the Big Canyon there are the Lillooet Canyon, Fountain Canyon, Glen Fraser Canyon, Moran Canyon, High Bar Canyon, French Bar Canyon and more all the way up to Soda Creek Canyon near
788:, which was built with a multiple-compartment hull to preserve her from sinking from rock damage. She was used to haul equipment and supplies during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, beginning in the 1880s.
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line in 1913. The area around Hell's Gate carries the name Black Canyon, which may either be a reference to the colour of the rocks when it rains, or the name of a community built on the cliffsides here during the
513:, is a sequence of large canyons of its own, some of them also named, although most British Columbians and travellers think of it as part of the Fraser Canyon. Other important canyons on tributaries include
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Almost all of the rivers and creeks feeding the Fraser from
Williams Lake south have their own canyons which open onto the Fraser, or are just up side-valleys a few miles. These include
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763:, near Pavilion, is dated to 8000 BP, when a huge lake filled what is now the canyon above Lillooet, created by a slide a few miles south of the present-day town.
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Nearly all tributaries of the Fraser have canyons of varying scale; the few exceptions include the Pitt and the
Chilliwack in the Lower Fraser Valley. The
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in 1926. This was known as the
Cariboo Highway and Highway 1 until the construction and designation of the Trans-Canada Highway (circa-1962).
561:, about 115 km (71 mi) upstream from Prince George and about 20 km (12 mi) upstream from the Fraser's confluence with the
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348:(now operated by the CN) line follows the same stretch of canyon from Lillooet to just beyond Pavilion]. Between there and the mouth of the
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502:. The Black Canyon was the site of a shantytown of the same name, much of which was on catwalks on the ramparts of its dark-rock cliffs.
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During the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858–1860, 10,500 miners and an untold number of hangers-on populated its banks and towns. The
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and Prince George. The official but comparatively diminutive Grand Canyon of the Fraser is in the river's upper stretch through the
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being approximately 57 metres (187 ft); the longest, however, is approximately 610 metres (2,000 ft) and is one of
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405:. At the site that once housed railway workers, a tourist attraction built in 1971 takes visitors across Hell's Gate via an
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268:. Exposures of lava flows are present in cliffs along the Fraser Canyon. They represent volcanic activity in the southern
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above those cliffs by wide benchlands which stand on the foreshoulder of the mountain ranges flanking the gorge.
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period (23.7–5.3 million years ago) by the river cutting into the uplifting
Interior Plateau. From the northern
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With the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s came the destruction of key portions of the
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occurred during the gold rush. Other important histories connected with the canyon include the building of the
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Just north of Lillooet, narrow rock ledges choke the river just at the confluence of the lower canyon of the
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Many stretches of the Fraser are named in their own right, starting with the Little Canyon between Yale and
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as the Big Canyon or Black Canyon; there are several named subcanyons of the Big Canyon, most famously
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people here, from all tribes of the Interior, were believed to have been in excess of 10,000.
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There are other canyons on the Fraser that are not considered part of the canyon, notably at
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View of Fraser Canyon in the area of the Kwioek Creek (the valley coming in at left)
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At the mouth of the Canyon, an archeological site documents the presence of the
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to bypass a rockslide that diverted the river during the blasting of the
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period and the volcanic vents of their origins have not been discovered.
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438:—run on the CP line. All westbound trains—CN, CP, Via Rail's westbound
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View of Fraser Canyon looking upstream from Fountain, British Columbia.
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486:. Upstream from there the river flows in wider country, but in the
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steam locomotive in background passing old railway housing, c.1945
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300:. Its southern stretch is a major transportation corridor to the
533:. The Chilcotin River also has several subcanyons, as does the
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and the innumerable smaller creeks flanking the river between
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People of the middle Fraser Canyon an archaeological history
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where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the
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period, 8,000 to 10,000 years ago after the retreat of the
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The canyon extends 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of
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View of Hells Gate looking across to east bank, with a
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and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
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View of Fraser Canyon near Fountain, British Columbia
344:, though not carrying that name in this area). The
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727:'s longest. They are situated between Yale and
428:, a few minutes south of Lytton, there are the
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365:View of Hells Gate looking downstream, c.1955
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646:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1111:Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories 1808-1939
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1071:Prentiss, Anna Marie; Kuijt, Ian (2012).
710:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
392:along the river's side permit migrating
32:This article includes a list of general
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1639:Canyons and gorges of British Columbia
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7:
644:adding citations to reliable sources
529:, Vermilion Canyon (Slok Creek) and
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759:. Research farther upriver at the
770:and the series of events known as
751:people in the area from the early
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
16:Canyon in British Columbia, Canada
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761:Keatley Creek Archaeological Site
252:The canyon was formed during the
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236:near the town of the same name.
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1094:. Surrey, B.C.: Hancock House.
1045:. Surrey, B.C.: Hancock House.
1243:Mountain resort municipalities
1:
1634:Interior of British Columbia
1607:WikiProject:British Columbia
1233:Indian government districts
1023:BCGNIS entry "Black Canyon"
797:Alexandra Suspension Bridge
576:, the Chilcotin River, the
517:, the Bridge River Canyon,
200:is a major landform of the
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988:Hudson's Bay Brigade Trail
541:and another Black Canyon.
500:Grand Canyon of the Fraser
1583:Category:British Columbia
1572:
1090:Waite, Donald E. (1988).
1041:Harris, Lorraine (1984).
398:Canadian Northern Railway
296:to the confluence of the
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1075:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
346:British Columbia Railway
340:(the farther end of the
332:, then from Lillooet to
1228:District municipalities
1200:Counties (court system)
1092:The Fraser Canyon story
498:, the river enters the
403:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
53:more precise citations.
735:requires ventilation.
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169:49.63333°N 121.41667°W
1330:Census agglomerations
1248:Resort municipalities
1238:Island municipalities
559:Rocky Mountain Trench
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1455:Bridge River Country
1109:York, Annie (2011).
867:Towns and localities
782:pass the rapids was
640:improve this section
442:—use the CN tracks.
328:, it is followed by
318:Trans-Canada Highway
174:49.63333; -121.41667
1540:Similkameen Country
1525:Peace River Country
1407:Sea-to-Sky Corridor
446:Upper Fraser Canyon
165: /
1180:Regional districts
793:Cariboo Wagon Road
776:Cariboo Wagon Road
531:Churn Creek Canyon
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342:Sea-to-Sky Highway
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208:en route from the
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1377:Discovery Islands
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768:Fraser Canyon War
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515:Coquihalla Canyon
509:, from Lytton to
480:Hells Gate Canyon
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234:Soda Creek Canyon
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1001:
999:
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993:Marble Canyon
991:
989:
986:
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983:Dewdney Trail
981:
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978:Big Bar Ferry
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884:Canyon Alpine
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808:Water sources
807:
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779:
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773:
772:McGowan's War
769:
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725:North America
714:
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700:February 2023
692:
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664:
661: –
660:
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655:Find sources:
649:
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641:
635:
634:
630:
625:This section
623:
619:
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607:
605:
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599:
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587:
586:Cayoosh Creek
583:
579:
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571:
570:Marble Canyon
566:
564:
560:
556:
555:Williams Lake
552:
545:Upper canyons
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:and adjacent
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:Prince George
489:
488:Robson Valley
485:
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469:
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456:First Nations
453:
445:
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437:
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431:
430:Cisco bridges
427:
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387:
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375:
374:Cisco Bridges
371:
363:
356:
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351:
347:
343:
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338:BC Highway 99
335:
331:
330:BC Highway 12
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230:Williams Lake
227:
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218:Fraser Valley
215:
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207:
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199:
198:Fraser Canyon
190:
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150:Coordinates:
148:
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131:Fraser Canyon
119:
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94:
89:
85:Fraser Canyon
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1644:Fraser River
1600:
1588:
1576:
1484:
1387:Gulf Islands
1367:Comox Valley
1173:Subdivisions
1110:
1091:
1072:
1042:
1036:
1018:
845:Fraser River
820:Bridge River
790:
783:
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706:
697:
687:
680:
673:
666:
654:
638:Please help
626:
578:Bridge River
567:
563:Bowron River
548:
535:Chilko River
519:Seton Canyon
504:
465:
452:Bridge River
449:
439:
433:
423:
390:Fish ladders
379:
323:
291:
251:
202:Fraser River
197:
195:
189:Fraser River
137:Location in
65:
59:October 2015
56:
37:
1417:South Coast
1402:North Coast
1392:Haida Gwaii
1263:Ghost towns
1210:Communities
998:Nlaka'pamux
954:Riske Creek
894:Emory Creek
860:Stein River
840:Emory Creek
830:Churn Creek
590:Stein River
574:Churn Creek
539:Lava Canyon
462:Sub-canyons
308:, with the
272:during the
172: /
160:121°25′00″W
51:introducing
1623:Categories
1295:Chilliwack
1286:Abbotsford
1052:088839182X
1010:References
944:North Bend
929:Kanaka Bar
914:Hill's Bar
909:Hells Gate
879:Boston Bar
729:Boston Bar
670:newspapers
604:and Yale.
602:Kanaka Bar
582:Seton Lake
553:, between
551:Soda Creek
537:, notably
386:Boston Bar
382:Hells Gate
357:Hells Gate
157:49°38′00″N
34:references
1490:Kootenays
1003:St'at'imc
627:does not
476:gold rush
324:North of
306:the Coast
280:Geography
185:Formed by
1515:Okanagan
1437:Interior
1300:Kamloops
1258:Villages
1026:Archived
949:Pavilion
934:Lillooet
899:Fountain
803:See also
753:Holocene
511:Ashcroft
490:between
440:Canadian
435:Canadian
334:Pavilion
302:Interior
274:Pliocene
266:Lillooet
262:Fountain
226:Ashcroft
141:, Canada
1465:Cariboo
1340:Regions
1310:Nanaimo
1290:Mission
959:Spuzzum
924:Jesmond
874:Big Bar
743:History
684:scholar
648:removed
633:sources
608:Tunnels
484:Quesnel
468:Spuzzum
384:, near
258:Cariboo
254:Miocene
240:Geology
216:to the
47:improve
1223:Cities
1117:
1098:
1079:
1049:
939:Lytton
785:Skuzzy
749:StĂł:lĹŤ
686:
679:
672:
665:
657:
596:, the
592:, the
588:, the
394:salmon
326:Lytton
222:Lytton
93:Canyon
36:, but
1349:Coast
1253:Towns
971:Other
691:JSTOR
677:books
426:Siska
304:from
1115:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1047:ISBN
964:Yale
919:Hope
904:Haig
663:news
631:any
629:cite
584:and
494:and
472:Hope
312:and
294:Yale
196:The
642:by
424:At
418:CPR
380:At
336:by
260:to
232:at
224:to
212:of
1625::
731:.
580:,
572:,
525:,
409:.
1288:–
1157:e
1150:t
1143:v
1123:.
1104:.
1085:.
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713:)
707:(
702:)
698:(
688:·
681:·
674:·
667:·
650:.
636:.
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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