160:
188:
125:
116:
197:
37:
179:
170:
107:
134:
661:. The breakdown of negotiations on July 9 precipitated a Breton defeat; while the Breton army was still reassembling, the French army laid siege to Fougères. The city was regarded as one of the best defended, guarded by 2,000 to 3,000 men. By mid-July the Breton army was finally assembled, but it was too late to help Fougères, which had capitulated on the 19th, after a week of siege against the blows of powerful French artillery.
151:
97:
637:
676:, the Breton troops and their allies were decisively defeated: five to six thousand Bretons died, against 1,500 of the French. Following this defeat, Dinan surrendered in early August, but Rennes decided to resist. La Trémoille, wished to avoid a lengthy and uncertain siege after the last siege of Nantes, chose to bypass Rennes, and attacked
1226:
By this act, Brittany was associated to the
Kingdom, rather than absorbed within it, by a strictly personal union of the two sovereigns. As a state within a state, the Duchy enjoyed the advantages of economic access to the Kingdom, while avoiding, it was hoped, the abuse of "absolutism of the French"
1024:
From a political standpoint, Brittany was therefore united to France, definitively according to chroniclers in the reign of Louis XII (only in 1532 according to the Breton writers and modern authors), then annexed and gradually assimilated. It lost its autonomy (under
Charles VIII), before retrieving
906:
On 2 January 1491, Alain d'Albret changed allegiance, signing the Treaty of
Moulins with the French King: promising the city of Nantes to him. He seized the castle of Nantes on 19 March. On April 4, Easter Sunday, the French King entered the city, which offered no resistance, having been evacuated by
648:
and easily took Château de
Marcillé-Robert on 28 March. On April 7, Francis II ordered the muster of Breton troops in Rennes. On April 15, the French army laid siege to Châteaubriant, which fell eight days later. La Trémoille then moved to Ancenis where he laid siege on the night of the 12th to 13th.
802:
The Breton
Chancellor Philippe de Montauban, Dunois, the Prince of Orange, Raoul de Lornay took the heiress with them, first to Redon, then fled to Nantes, without entering it, the city being held by the Marshal of Rieux. Finally, the Duchess's party took refuge in Rennes, and despite the outrage of
952:
After the siege of Rennes, marriage with the King of France was accepted on
November 15, by the Treaty of Rennes: it guaranteed 120,000 livres to the Duchess, and 120,000 livres to the Ducal treasury, to pay off the mercenaries to leave the Duchy. The engagement took place on 23 November at Rennes,
806:
The Breton treasury at this point was empty, the revenues of the domain were low: the Ducal jewels and plates had been sold. If this was not enough, loans on cities were forced (Francis II had already used this expedient). The chancellery required advances and loans (the Prince of Orange gave over
383:, a supporter of the Montforts, conquered Paris. These rights were to be reviewed by 1447, but the sense of urgency had changed as the French King had recovered Paris (1446) and Normandy (1447) from the English and was now close to the borders of Brittany. After Charles VII crushed the English at
1032:
The majority of the nobility of the Duchy and the middle class land owners were generally satisfied with this marriage because peace had returned and the tax burden was greatly reduced. A plot (which included those aggrieved by the settlement occurred: Some officers of the Duchy; captains and
656:
On June 1, a truce concluded the negotiations. It favoured the French, whose troops remained mobilised along the border, while Breton nobles and peasants returned home. La Trémoille anticipated the end of the truce, and on 17 June, he put his army on the march towards its next target,
742:
The
Marshal of Rieux, as Regent of Brittany and guardian of the young Duchess, was best placed to assemble Breton forces. Alain d'Albret, mainly due to controlling the city of Nantes since 1489, was his ally, and his half-sister Françoise de Dinan, was the governess of
488:
attempted to resist, but fell after three days of bombardment and was taken on 1 June. With this bad news, and political infighting between the Breton nobles, the Ducal army broke up. About 4,000 troops remained, unable to rescue Ploërmel. Francis II fled to
698:
became
Duchess in January of the following year. An amnesty was then given to Lescun, Dunois, and most of the vanquished. The french had also captured Louis of Orleans and was imprisoned in a fortress but would be pardoned by Charles VIII three years later.
379:, who had no right or power in the succession question, as this had been given to a French King, by a previous Breton Duke, John V, who had paid homage — deprived the Penthièvre of their rights to Ducal succession after their "treachery" in 1420, the year
414:, half-brother of Françoise de Dinan, widower of Françoise de Blois-Bretagne, Countess of Périgord (died in 1481), herself cousin of Nicole de Châtillon, through whom he unsuccessfully claimed the county of Penthièvre. He wanted to marry Anne to his son,
1015:. Appointment of civil officers was reserved only for Bretons or with authorisation, no military service could occur outside Brittany. Bretons could not be tried outside Brittany. Taxes or other compulsory payments would be decided only by the Estates.
807:
200,000 pounds, the Duke of
Orleans 45,000). Monetary devaluation, which started in 1472 was exacerbated. Finally, various communities wanted to redeem their imposts (they had paid one time a hundred times the annual amount, and were later released).
965:
The conflict was settled by various treaties, by which the King of France obtained the renunciation of the rights of the different possible heirs, and regulated various aspects of the succession, including the payment of debts of the Duchy.
500:
In Nantes, a defence was organised. By June 19, French troops laid siege to that city. The siege was prolonged due to an effective Breton defence, the faithfulness of the people, the aid of foreign mercenaries, and the decisive support from
408:, whose father Louis XI bought, on 3 January 1480, the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany from Nicole de Châtillon, countess of Penthièvre. He was recognised as the heir of Francis II by five Breton rebels in the Treaty of Montargis.
355:. Jean II proposed to marry his sons Francis and Jean to Anne and her sister Isabella, thereby combining the claims. Francis II refused it against the advice of his council and lineal logic. Later he would style himself as a Duke;
1335:
465:, at the end of May 1487, nearly 15,000 French troops entered Brittany. The army of the Duke of Brittany was concentrated towards Malestroit and included 600 cavalry and nearly 16,000 infantry, mainly peasants.
993:
Peace of Étaples, signed on
November 3, 1492 with the King of England: the two sovereigns agreed on a settlement of the Duchy's debts to the total of 620,000 gold crowns. This agreement freed all towns held as
427:
Some contenders tried to secure support: Charles VIII and John II gained some from different Breton nobility. Various matrimonial projects also aimed to combine the rights of both branches to a single person.
320:
At the end of the reign of the current Duke Francis II, the two families had no male heirs: Francis II had two daughters, and the last Penthièvre were women. Therefore, the following claimants existed:
754:
in November, but the Marshal of Rieux foiled him. He recommenced in January 1489 with his brother Pierre Quintin and French reinforcements, and succeeded, then seized without difficulty
750:
The Viscount Jean de Rohan (who claimed to inherit the Duchy because of his ancestry and his wife, Marie of Brittany) tried to conquer a part of the Duchy beginning with an assault on
291:, contested the succession of the Sovereign Duchy of Brittany. The latter would eventually prevail. The rights of the two families, however, were recognised in the following manner:
302:
This treaty did not exclude daughters from the succession or the transmission of rights, stating that the Duchy "will not return to women as long as there were male heirs".
553:. They and their accomplices were no longer considered rebellious vassals, but subjects guilty of high treason. In spring, the Duke of Orleans retook for his Breton ally
997:
the Treaty of Barcelona, signed on 19 January 1493, allowed the resolution of the Duchy's debts to the Spanish sovereigns, which also held some rights to the succession.
798:
resisted a siege of 15 days. He then demanded the hand of Anne for his son Jean. But Charles VIII, anxious about his progress, denied him this and forced him to submit.
1330:
1104:
Philippe Contamine (directeur), Des origines à 1715, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1992, in André Corvisier (directeur), Histoire militaire de la France,
509:, who broke the blockade. The French troops were held in check, and lifted the siege on 6 August. The French King still managed to take Vitré on September 1, then
1340:
387:(1450), a previous Duke of Brittany wrote to the Penthievre indicating he had cancelled the conditional renunciation of the Penthièvre to the Ducal estate:
898:
On 19 December 1490, Anne married Maximilian of Austria in Rennes by proxy. The French regarded this a provocation and violation of the Treaty of Sablé.
907:
the Breton Marshal of Rieux. The French army at this stage had a strength of 50,000 troops. Brittany was therefore regarded by the French as conquered:
882:, for retaining powerful forts in Lower Brittany, absolving him of accusations of treason, and received a payment of 100,000 écus, plus 14,000 pension;
1350:
833:
On 3 December 1489, the parties agreed to the Peace of Frankfurt, signed by Maximilian of Austria and the King of France on 22 July. France retained
673:
344:
1325:
691:
committed the Bretons on several points, including the Duke's promise not to marry his daughters without the consent of the King of France.
860:
In the summer of 1490, a peasant revolt broke out: the peasants of Cornouaille, led by John the Old, assembled and plundered the city of
649:
The city fell to French artillery on May 19. As negotiations began with the Duke of Brittany, who sought a truce, La Trémoille attacked
911:
French institutions were created in Brittany (administration of finances with Jean François de Cardonne appointed Chief of Finances);
1109:
340:, Prince of Orange, son of Catherine of Brittany (sister of the Duke Francis II). Closest heir to Francis II after Anne and Isabeau;
418:. He did succeed in betrothing Isabeau (younger sister of Anne) to his son, but Isabeau died before the marriage could take place.
627:
582:
191:
298:
if there was no male descendant in the family of Montfort, the Ducal rights would pass to the males of the family of Penthievre.
1345:
569:
was forced to capitulate. On April 24, a French judgment of confiscation was issued against all the goods of Louis of Orleans.
763:
187:
159:
436:
310:
284:
280:
241:
240:(died 9 September 1488), who had no clear successor. If not resolved, this meant a resumption of issues from a previous
237:
173:
334:
and Isabeau of Brittany, daughters of the reigning Duke, last heirs of the family and first in the order of succession;
723:
would provide 6,000 men from mid-February to November each year, but they had to be maintained at the Duchy's expense.
348:
672:, began his march in the hope of relieving Fougères, but was reluctant to fight a pitched battle. On July 28, at the
596:
163:
1320:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
351:). Without the Treaty of Guérande, his wife would have become Duchess from 1469, on the death of her older sister
236:, "War of Brittany") lasted from 1487 to 1491. The cause of this war was the approaching death of the Breton Duke
1033:
citizens hoping for ambitious positions, led by the Viscount of Rohan in collusion with England) in 1492 failed.
534:
314:
875:
met in Vannes. They ratified new imposts and granted new taxes. These additional resources allowed them to pay:
1315:
1310:
359:
306:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1041:
337:
435:
as heiresses of the Sovereign Duchy, and had Anne crowned Duchess in Rennes, against the provisions of the
115:
971:
954:
936:
the Viscount de Rohan to be appointed as lieutenant-general representing the King in the Duchy (governor);
850:
530:
510:
481:
405:
268:
154:
78:
579:
Alain of Albret had obtained a subsidy from the Spanish court, and returned to Brittany with 5,000 men.
196:
124:
857:. Brittany dismissed its mercenaries. Peace lasted for a year, but both sides kept themselves armed.
720:
506:
352:
288:
918:
In July, Rennes was besieged, where Anne's party with 12,000 men resisted, but with few provisions.
1012:
1001:
922:
872:
810:
Austria and Spain sent mercenaries in March and April (respectively 1,500 and 2,000 men who joined
650:
618:
546:
432:
415:
376:
363:
36:
895:
These gifts represented four times the annual budget of the Duchy, and were paid in installments.
755:
1244:
399:
391:
384:
380:
313:) while the Penthièvre forfeited their lands in 1420 after they had kidnapped and isolated Duke
245:
137:
128:
1011:
The privileges and rights of Bretons were confirmed (e.g. no new law without the consent of the
838:
688:
865:
644:
The war resumed in late March 1488. La Trémoille assembled the French army of 15,000 troops in
431:
To secure his family against these pretensions, Francis II had his daughters recognized by the
178:
169:
106:
1105:
885:
411:
395:
263:
can be divided into a series of military and diplomatic episodes between 1465 and 1491, until
260:
256:
249:
227:
223:
119:
110:
100:
62:
442:
In light of this uncertainty, various parties decided to force the issue to their advantage.
305:
Both families had over time disrespected the treaty when it suited them; Various Montforts: (
1037:
1005:
985:
975:
942:
879:
811:
759:
744:
732:
695:
669:
611:
473:
331:
264:
252:, resulting in an ambiguous peace treaty that failed to prevent future succession disputes.
200:
182:
74:
133:
925:
in Vannes, to counsel Anne in accordance to French conditions. A preliminary interview in
708:
566:
526:
514:
213:
727:
On 14 February, two pacts between Austria-Spain and Austria-England were also signed in
1026:
926:
815:
684:
150:
96:
1254:
888:, also obtained 100,000 écus, and the hand of Isabeau for his son Gabriel of Avesnes;
834:
814:) and England (6,000 men sent to Rieux). They were employed to retake Rohan towns in
791:
610:
In all of this, the various allies of the Duke of Brittany competed for the hand of
517:. Early in 1488, most Breton towns, however, were recovered by the Ducal army. Only
636:
1217:(J-P. Leguay et Hervé Martin coauteurs). Ouest-France Université, 1982. p 407-417
17:
846:
823:
779:
658:
562:
502:
485:
731:, against France; they were complemented by a March 27 Anglo-Spanish treaty in
603:
Maximilian's attention was however diverted by a rebellion in his territory of
854:
795:
787:
677:
645:
522:
477:
728:
550:
1245:
The last battle of Anne of Brittany: isotopic study of the soldiers of 1491
751:
604:
398:), but his mother had twice renounced her rights (she sold it in 1480 to
939:
any rights to the Duchy must be submitted to a commission of 24 members;
945:
to renounce her proxy marriage to her Austrian husband, Maximilian and;
861:
827:
819:
783:
775:
771:
767:
712:
518:
469:
462:
456:
981:
both spouses mutually donated their right of succession to the other;
554:
494:
490:
295:
the Duchy was inherited from male to male in the family of Montfort;
1040:, also now fought on the side of the French fleet, as shown in the
842:
665:
635:
558:
988:, abandoned his rights to the King of France for 100,000 livres;
1336:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
1008:
put the Rohans on trial, thus depriving them of their rights.
41:
Fortresses of the Marches of Brittany during the 15th century
588:
Lord Scales landed with 700 English archers, all volunteers.
1025:
some of it in 1492 and 1499. This was, initially, a purely
1211:
La poursuite d’un drame, ou la fin du rêve d’indépendance
599:
assembled his forces on the borders of the Duchy, while;
738:
Within the Duchy however, different ambitions clashed:
358:
Francis d'Avaugour, bastard son of Duke Francis II and
914:
The Prince of Orange was appointed lieutenant-general.
694:
Francis II, Duke of Brittany, died on September 9 and
394:, Count of Penthièvre (son of Nicole de Châtillon and
287:. For decades, two families, the Blois-Penthièvre and
864:. The revolt was put down by Spanish mercenaries at
244:(1341–1364), which had rival claimants allying with
803:the French King on February 10, Anne was crowned.
984:Jean de Chalons, Prince of Orange and cousin of
343:John II, Viscount of Rohan and Léon, husband of
933:the occupation of the Duchy by the French army;
921:By October 27, 1491, Charles VIII convened the
794:in February with part of the Ducal fleet. Only
607:, supported by the French Marshal d'Esquerdes.
29:
711:was signed between the Duchy of Brittany and
271:and the eventual end of Breton independence.
255:This specific conflict between the Sovereign
8:
1129:
1127:
231:
217:
35:
26:
549:and Brittany were declared rebels by the
1215:Fastes et malheurs de la Bretagne ducale
1065:Dominique Le Page & Michel Nassiet,
468:The advance of French troops was rapid:
1331:15th-century military history of France
1079:
668:, while the Marshal of the Breton army
953:and the marriage on December 6 at the
837:, and other places acquired since the
371:Claimants from the House of Penthièvre
683:On August 20, peace was concluded in
537:remained in the hands of the French.
7:
1341:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
1060:Les marches de Bretagne au Moyen Âge
948:Marriage of Anne to the French King.
891:Françoise de Dinan, his half-sister.
325:Claimants from the House of Montfort
1036:The Breton fleet, on the orders of
1067:L'Union de la Bretagne à la France
680:, which surrendered on 14 August.
25:
664:The French army then moved on to
572:Also in this period of conflict;
1351:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
674:Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
219:Brezel etre Breizh ha Bro-C'hall
195:
186:
177:
168:
158:
149:
132:
123:
114:
105:
95:
1247:. sciencedaily.com May 5, 2021
970:the marriage contract between
1:
1326:Military history of Brittany
285:War of the Breton Succession
242:War of the Breton Succession
174:Francis II, Duke of Brittany
1069:, édition Skol Vreizh, 2003
138:Kingdom of Castile and León
1367:
454:
362:. He renounced before the
929:requested the following:
707:On 10 February 1489, the
640:Map of the 1488 campaign.
545:On January 20, 1488, the
437:Treaty of Guérande (1365)
281:Treaty of Guérande (1365)
143:
89:
45:
34:
1191:Le Page et Nassiet, p.91
1173:Le Page et Nassiet, p.90
1121:Le Page et Nassiet, p.77
1095:Le Page et Nassiet, p.76
366:his hypothetical rights.
360:Antoinette de Maignelais
164:Louis II de la Trémoille
1042:Battle of Saint-Mathieu
1346:Charles VIII of France
1231:, Fayard, 1999, p.399.
851:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
830:from May to October).
641:
531:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
511:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
269:Charles VIII of France
238:Francis II of Brittany
232:
218:
155:Charles VIII of France
144:Commanders and leaders
79:Charles VIII of France
653:, which fell easily.
639:
633:were all candidates.
628:Maximilian of Austria
583:Maximilian of Austria
402:, confirmed in 1485);
192:Maximilian of Austria
1209:Jean-Pierre Leguay.
1133:Philippe Contamine,
1074:Notes and references
484:fell to the French.
1013:Estates of Brittany
955:Château de Langeais
923:Estates of Brittany
873:Estates of Brittany
651:Le Loroux-Bottereau
624:Alain d'Albret, and
565:. The viscounty of
433:Estates of Brittany
377:Estates of Brittany
364:Estates of Brittany
642:
551:Parlement of Paris
446:The four campaigns
423:Increased tensions
400:Louis XI of France
381:Henry V of England
347:(daughter of Duke
233:Guerre de Bretagne
129:Kingdom of England
30:Franco-Breton Wars
1321:Medieval Brittany
1306:Conflicts in 1491
1301:Conflicts in 1490
1296:Conflicts in 1489
1291:Conflicts in 1488
1286:Conflicts in 1487
1227:(Georges Minois,
1164:Cintré, p.150-151
886:Alain I of Albret
575:For the Bretons:
493:, and finally to
412:Alain I of Albret
396:Jean II de Brosse
345:Marie of Brittany
261:Kingdom of France
257:Duchy of Brittany
210:French–Breton War
206:
205:
120:Holy Roman Empire
111:Duchy of Brittany
101:Kingdom of France
85:
84:
63:Duchy of Brittany
18:French-Breton War
16:(Redirected from
1358:
1232:
1229:Anne de Bretagne
1224:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1038:Anne of Brittany
1006:Anne of Brittany
986:Anne of Brittany
976:Anne of Brittany
943:Anne of Brittany
812:Anne of Brittany
745:Anne of Brittany
733:Medina del Campo
696:Anne of Brittany
670:Jean IV de Rieux
612:Anne of Brittany
592:For the French:
547:Dukes of Orleans
265:Anne of Brittany
235:
221:
201:Jean IV de Rieux
199:
190:
183:Anne of Brittany
181:
172:
162:
153:
136:
127:
118:
109:
99:
75:Anne of Brittany
73:French victory.
47:
46:
39:
27:
21:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1316:1490s in France
1311:1480s in France
1251:
1250:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1055:
1050:
1022:
963:
904:
871:On July 4, the
839:Treaty of Sablé
709:Treaty of Redon
705:
689:Treaty of Sablé
619:Louis d'Orléans
585:sent 1,500 men.
543:
515:Dol-de-Bretagne
459:
453:
448:
425:
373:
327:
277:
222:, "War between
194:
185:
176:
157:
131:
122:
113:
65:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:1491 in Europe
1278:
1276:1490 in Europe
1273:
1271:1489 in Europe
1268:
1266:1488 in Europe
1263:
1261:1487 in Europe
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:External links
1237:
1234:
1233:
1219:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1123:
1114:
1097:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:, 1992, 242 p.
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1027:personal union
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1009:
998:
995:
991:
990:
989:
982:
962:
959:
950:
949:
946:
940:
937:
934:
916:
915:
912:
903:
900:
893:
892:
889:
883:
816:Lower Brittany
800:
799:
748:
725:
724:
704:
701:
631:
630:
625:
622:
601:
600:
590:
589:
586:
580:
542:
539:
455:Main article:
452:
449:
447:
444:
424:
421:
420:
419:
409:
403:
372:
369:
368:
367:
356:
341:
338:John de Chalon
335:
326:
323:
300:
299:
296:
276:
273:
204:
203:
166:
146:
145:
141:
140:
103:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1363:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1200:Cintré, p.157
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1182:Cintré, p.153
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1155:Cintré, p.148
1152:
1149:
1146:Cintré, p.147
1143:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:2-13-043872-5
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1086:Cintré, p.146
1083:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:René Cintré,
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
987:
983:
980:
979:
977:
973:
969:
968:
967:
960:
958:
956:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
930:
928:
924:
919:
913:
910:
909:
908:
902:1491 campaign
901:
899:
896:
890:
887:
884:
881:
880:Jean de Rieux
878:
877:
876:
874:
869:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
804:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:
741:
740:
739:
736:
734:
730:
722:
718:
717:
716:
714:
710:
703:1489 campaign
702:
700:
697:
692:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
654:
652:
647:
638:
634:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
616:
615:
613:
608:
606:
598:
595:
594:
593:
587:
584:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:1488 campaign
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
498:
496:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:Châteaubriant
471:
466:
464:
458:
451:1487 campaign
450:
445:
443:
440:
438:
434:
429:
422:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
397:
393:
390:
389:
388:
386:
382:
378:
370:
365:
361:
357:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
333:
329:
328:
324:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
297:
294:
293:
292:
290:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
229:
225:
220:
215:
211:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
165:
161:
156:
152:
148:
147:
142:
139:
135:
130:
126:
121:
117:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
80:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1134:
1117:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1066:
1059:
1053:Bibliography
1035:
1031:
1023:
972:Charles VIII
964:
951:
920:
917:
905:
897:
894:
870:
859:
832:
809:
805:
801:
737:
726:
706:
693:
682:
663:
655:
643:
632:
609:
602:
597:La Trémoille
591:
574:
571:
544:
513:and finally
499:
467:
460:
441:
430:
426:
406:Charles VIII
374:
330:the sisters
319:
304:
301:
283:settled the
278:
254:
209:
207:
90:Belligerents
503:Cornouaille
461:During the
230:"; French:
53:1487 – 1491
1255:Categories
961:Settlement
855:Saint-Malo
796:Concarneau
788:Concarneau
764:Moncontour
678:Saint-Malo
523:La Guerche
478:La Guerche
311:Francis II
279:The first
1044:in 1512.
1020:Aftermath
1002:Louis XII
994:security.
866:Pratanros
729:Dordrecht
721:Henry VII
349:Francis I
847:Fougères
824:Tréguier
780:Tréguier
760:Montfort
752:Guingamp
659:Fougères
605:Flanders
563:Ploërmel
486:Ploërmel
385:Formigny
353:Margaret
289:Montfort
267:married
259:and the
224:Brittany
77:marries
58:Location
1137:, p 214
1135:op. cit
1112:, p 214
1048:Sources
1000:Later,
862:Quimper
828:Morlaix
820:Lannion
784:Morlaix
776:Lannion
772:Quimper
768:Quintin
713:England
646:Pouancé
519:Clisson
470:Ancenis
463:Mad War
457:Mad War
392:John II
307:John IV
275:Context
246:England
1108:
853:, and
790:, and
687:. The
561:, and
555:Vannes
533:, and
495:Nantes
491:Vannes
480:, and
315:John V
250:France
228:France
214:Breton
70:Result
1213:, in
927:Laval
843:Dinan
835:Brest
792:Brest
719:King
685:Anjou
666:Dinan
567:Rohan
559:Auray
535:Vitré
482:Redon
1106:ISBN
1004:and
974:and
756:Hédé
507:Léon
505:and
416:John
375:The
332:Anne
226:and
208:The
50:Date
527:Dol
317:).
248:or
1257::
1126:^
1029:.
978::
957:.
868:.
849:,
845:,
841::
826:,
822:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
766:,
762:,
758:,
735:.
715::
614::
557:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
497:.
476:,
472:,
439:.
309:,
216::
818:(
747:.
621:;
212:(
81:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
