970:
563:
798:
30:
366:
2599:
2594:
51:
676:
723:. From the year's maneuvers, the French concluded that the torpedo boats of the day were not sufficiently powerful enough to achieve any of the goals that had been assigned to them, particularly further from coast, but nevertheless still posed significant threats to blockading warships. These lessons spurred the development of larger torpedo boats better able to operate at sea.
608:
in
October 1881, and on full commission for active service on 15 July 1882. During her trials, her crew found the vessel difficult to steer, owing to the combination of a single rudder and two propellers and her flat bottom. She proved to be a stable gun platform, however. Between December 1882 and
1003:
in place of her original three. The 320 mm guns were replaced with 270 mm 20-caliber M1875 guns in the battery, and the original 270 mm guns in the barbettes were placed with either four, or two 240 mm (9.4 in) guns. Her 140 mm guns were replaced with new 100 mm
788:
carried out by the enemy squadron on 6 July, which the defending force was unable to prevent. A second round of exercises was held later that month, beginning on 23 July. The enemy squadron conducted a simulated attack on Toulon that night, but poor weather prevented further operations and the
663:
anchored in a calm sea. The year's large-scale maneuvers were held off Toulon from 10 to 17 May, and they tested the effectiveness of torpedo boats in defending the coastline from a squadron of ironclads, whether cruisers and torpedo boats could break through a
1024:, since more modern pre-dreadnought battleships built in the mid-1890s had entered service by that time, though she remained under construction into 1901. By the time work was completed, she had also had her original propulsion system replaced with
966:. She took part in the fleet maneuvers that year, which lasted from 5 to 25 July. She served as the flagship of Rear Admiral Godin during the maneuvers. In December, the ship had her mainmast removed at Brest.
612:
In 1886, the ship was assigned to the training squadron, and on 2–3 March 1886, she took part in experiments with torpedo boats to determine the effectiveness of various attack angles. Later on the 3rd,
914:
s, along with several cruisers and torpedo vessels. During that year's maneuvers, which began on 1 July, the 1st
Squadron conducted a training cruise and practice shooting while the Reserve Squadron
776:. A squadron of cruisers and torpedo boats was tasked with intercepting the convoy. The convoy used bad weather to make the passage, as heavy seas kept the torpedo boats from going to sea.
958:. She remained in the Reserve Squadron in 1898, by which time the French Navy had begun rebuilding several of its older ironclads. As a result, the only other members of the unit were
609:
June 1883, hydraulic mountings for the main battery guns were installed to make them easier for the crew to work. The ship finally joined the main French fleet on 31 January 1885.
833:
weapons were installed in place of the defective guns. The ship returned to service by 1891, and she participated in the fleet maneuvers that year in the 1st
Division, along with
922:
was assigned to the first unit, which was tasked with effecting a rendezvous at sea with the second squadron and then attacking
Ajaccio. The maneuvers concluded on 27 July.
2008:
784:
served as part of the simulated enemy force during the maneuvers, which lasted from 30 June to 6 July. The exercises concluded with a simulated amphibious landing at
491:(5,700 km; 3,600 mi) at an economical speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). To supplement the steam engines, she was equipped with a three-masted
969:
2110:
2621:
1050:
514:
four 270 mm (10.8 in) guns and a tertiary battery of six 140 mm (5.5 in) guns. The 240 mm guns were in open, unarmored
2001:
1977:
1892:
1870:
1783:
715:, for another round of maneuvers that began on 25 June. During these exercises, the ironclads simulated an enemy fleet passing through the
409:. The new ship was to be enlarged significantly to incorporate a more powerful armament. The resulting design was ordered for two vessels,
405:
in the early 1870s, but the French initially ignored the development and instead chose to base the design for its next ironclad on that of
2636:
2495:
2077:
898:
Gadaud. The maneuvers included an initial period of exercises from 1 to 10 July and then larger-scale maneuvers from 17 to 28 July.
549:
that was 61 mm (2.4 in) thick protected the ship's internal spaces; it was connected to the upper edge of the armor belt.
2062:
640:
571:
518:
on the upper deck; two were placed abreast the funnels, the third forward, and the fourth gun was located aft. For defense against
1994:
1699:
1675:
1556:
487:) for a top speed of 15 to 15.5 kn (27.8 to 28.7 km/h; 17.3 to 17.8 mph). The ship had a cruising radius of 3,100
2626:
2103:
2017:
1025:
386:
370:
360:
334:
139:
545:. The armored casemate for the main battery were 241 mm (9.5 in) thick. On either end of the battery, an armor
855:
2205:
985:
797:
771:
562:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2125:
2054:
926:
838:
393:
377:
19:
2485:
2459:
1124:
operation ensued, and she was eventually refloated on 18 April 1927. The ship was then intentionally grounded at
939:
929:
753:
624:
523:
286:
29:
2370:
2322:
2316:
2294:
2096:
945:
655:. They fired at a range of 2,700 to 4,600 m (3,000 to 5,000 yd) and scored 22 percent hits with
1107:
874:
vessels. She participated in the 1893 maneuvers, now as part of the 3rd
Division in company with the ironclad
365:
2465:
2253:
2173:
2135:
2038:
881:
875:
747:
634:
618:
821:
and a subsequent investigation revealed that all of the 340 mm guns in French service were defective.
780:
participated in the 1889 fleet exercises in company with eight other ironclads and numerous smaller craft.
2545:
2273:
2263:
934:. That year's maneuvers lasted from 6 to 30 July and took place off the coast of French Algeria. By 1897,
868:
646:
2245:
862:
472:
399:
228:
1087:. She served in that capacity through the end of the war, into 1919. In May 1921, the French navy sold
925:
The composition of the
Mediterranean Fleet changed little in 1896, apart from the addition of the new
471:
guns. The crew numbered 689 officers and enlisted men. Her propulsion machinery consisted of two
2575:
1125:
1104:
847:
operated as part of the simulated hostile force that attempted to attack the southern French coast.
829:
to have her guns replaced. Older 320 mm (12.6 in) 25-caliber guns that were converted from
700:
567:
418:
348:
145:
2631:
2536:
2419:
2408:
2349:
2163:
1004:(3.9 in) guns. Later that year, she was nominally transferred to the Northern Squadron in the
902:
remained in service with the
Mediterranean Fleet through 1895, by which time the unit consisted of
735:
716:
503:
452:
510:. Two guns could fire ahead on a limited arc and two could fire astern. These were supported by a
2565:
2515:
2476:
2305:
2183:
1032:
was recommissioned for sea trials on 10 March 1902, but she was never placed in full commission.
601:
511:
738:, and these units would have to be transported back to Europe in the event of a major conflict.
938:
had been reduced to the
Reserve Squadron of the French fleet, which also included the ironclad
809:
The next year, she was allocated to the 2nd
Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, along with
2505:
1973:
1945:
1928:
1911:
1888:
1866:
1849:
1832:
1815:
1798:
1779:
1758:
1741:
1724:
1707:
1687:
1663:
1642:
1625:
1608:
1591:
1570:
1047:
1042:
on 5 February 1909 and thereafter attached to the 2nd Depot based at Brest. She was used as a
996:
830:
542:
2338:
2225:
2145:
2088:
1772:
1565:
1080:
526:, all in individual mounts. Her armament was rounded out with five 356 mm (14 in)
476:
392:
were authorized under the naval construction
Program of 1872, which began with the ironclad
202:
2329:
1810:
Leyland, John (1899). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Chapter II: Progress of Foreign Navies".
1005:
699:
and several other ironclads simulated a fleet attacking the port, which was defended by a
444:
234:
1793:
Gleig, Charles (1896). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Chapter XII: French Naval Manoeuvres".
600:
20 December 1875, and she was launched on 19 August 1879. The ship was placed in limited
541:
was 178 to 381 mm (7 to 15 in) thick and extended for the entire length of the
1827:
Leyland, John (1899). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Chapter IX: Foreign Naval Manoeuvres".
719:
to attack the French Mediterranean coast; torpedo boats attempted to intercept them off
1121:
1117:
1064:
1039:
712:
430:
172:
2615:
1880:
1096:
1043:
977:
826:
492:
488:
255:
123:
1923:
Thursfield, J. R. (1894). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Foreign Maneouvres: I—France".
817:. Later in 1890, the ship main battery guns were condemned after an accident aboard
2525:
2284:
1000:
918:
its ships. The main period of exercises saw the fleet divided into three units and
915:
895:
659:
practice shells, though they conducted the test under unrealistic conditions, with
534:
527:
519:
468:
464:
456:
448:
440:
292:
1046:
for engine room personnel from 1910 to 1911, thereafter being used to support the
850:
The ship remained in the Mediterranean Fleet through 1893, along with her sister,
1903:
1679:
1583:
1560:
2429:
1940:
Thursfield, J. R. (1897). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Naval Maneouvres in 1896".
1084:
1076:
981:
652:
593:
546:
344:
318:
675:
2439:
2354:
2235:
1986:
605:
538:
496:
480:
306:
208:
1949:
1932:
1915:
1853:
1836:
1819:
1802:
1762:
1745:
1728:
1711:
1691:
1667:
1646:
1629:
1612:
1595:
1574:
2449:
2376:
1056:
656:
460:
785:
451:
of 8.08 to 8.23 m (26 ft 6 in to 27 ft 0 in). She
2556:
2215:
1970:
The Battleships Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, and the Program of 1872
891:
669:
665:
515:
507:
484:
340:
312:
212:
156:
843:. The maneuvers began on 23 June and lasted until 11 July, during which
258:(5,700 km; 3,600 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
2386:
2194:
2152:
1129:
1100:
1072:
1068:
720:
707:, and twenty torpedo boats. The ironclad squadron thereafter sailed to
704:
692:
688:
731:
597:
1103:, Germany. She was taken under tow on 7 May 1922 along with the old
191:
8.08–8.23 m (26 ft 6 in – 27 ft 0 in)
1092:
968:
796:
674:
561:
502:
Her main battery consisted of four 340 mm (13.4 in), 18-
398:
that year. Shortly thereafter, Italy began work on the very large
364:
246:
15 to 15.5 kn (27.8 to 28.7 km/h; 17.3 to 17.8 mph)
160:
1966:
Les Cuirasses Redoutable, Dévastation, Courbet, Programme de 1872
1844:
Leyland, John (1901). "Chapter III: Progress of Foreign Navies".
351:(casemate) design. She was used as a school ship for manoeuvres.
1885:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
1770:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
708:
585:
2092:
1990:
1637:
Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1890). "Chapter II: Foreign Manoeuvres".
1603:
Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1888). "French Naval Manoeuvres, 1887".
1753:
Brassey, Thomas A. (1898). "Chapter III: Relative Strength".
1736:
Brassey, Thomas A. (1897). "Chapter III: Relative Strength".
1719:
Brassey, Thomas A. (1896). "Chapter III: Relative Strength".
758:
were assigned to serve as simulated troop ships, escorted by
687:
Another major set of exercises was held from 2 to 12 June at
455:
10,450 long tons (10,620 t). As was standard for French
995:
In 1899, the ship was modernized extensively, receiving new
1542:. No. 44559. London. 19 April 1927. col F, p. 12.
1620:
Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1888). "Notes on the French Navy".
522:, she carried eight 37 mm (1.5 in) 1-pounder
421:
ever built by any navy. They are sometimes called the
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
463:. She was fitted with three pole masts equipped with
1902:
Thursfield, J. R. (1892). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.).
1473:
1471:
1469:
1063:
was removed from service by April 1913 and towed to
2399:
2124:
1778:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
1075:for torpedo tests. From October, she was used as a
999:, a revised armament, and a pair of new masts with
734:escort; the French Army kept significant forces in
672:of torpedo boats could intercept ironclads at sea.
645:conducted shooting practice using the old ironclad
425:class, as she had begun construction first, though
1771:
1774:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1120:and could not be immediately freed. A lengthy
2104:
2002:
1944:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 140–188.
1863:French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914
1831:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 210–218.
1797:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 195–207.
1662:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 368–369.
1624:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 329–349.
1607:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 225–230.
1590:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 207–224.
1569:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 486–490.
447:of 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in) and a
8:
1927:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 71–102.
1095:-based firm that in turn sold the vessel to
789:maneuvers were cancelled later on the 24th.
1910:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 61–88.
1848:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 33–70.
1814:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 32–69.
1757:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 56–66.
1740:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 56–77.
1723:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 61–72.
1706:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 49–59.
1686:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 66–73.
1424:
1376:
1352:
1071:for a year. In July 1914, she was towed to
475:with steam provided by twelve coal-burning
2111:
2097:
2089:
2009:
1995:
1987:
1702:(1895). "Chapter III: Relative Strength".
479:. Her engines were rated to produce 8,300
439:was 100.52 m (329 ft 9 in)
2119:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1922
1658:on Difficulties with French Heavy Guns".
1501:
1489:
1460:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1256:
1220:
1513:
1448:
1436:
1412:
1388:
1364:
1244:
679:Map of the western Mediterranean, where
18:For other ships with the same name, see
1140:
495:, though this was quickly reduced to a
171:100.52 m (329 ft 9 in) (
309:: 178 to 381 mm (7 to 15 in)
24:
1112:, but while she was leaving Lorient,
47:
7:
1887:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1561:"List of French Ships in Commission"
1196:
1147:
459:of the period, she had a pronounced
2078:List of ironclad warships of France
1972:] (in French). Marine Édition.
1883:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
1641:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.
1525:
1477:
1232:
1208:
1171:
730:took part in exercises to practice
506:guns mounted in a central, armored
279:4 × 270 mm (10.8 in) guns
276:4 × 340 mm (13.4 in) guns
183:21.26 m (69 ft 9 in)
984:is moored in front and one of the
282:6 × 140 mm (5.5 in) guns
14:
1400:
2597:
2592:
1268:
1159:
801:Plan and profile drawing of the
683:spent the majority of her career
369:Plan and profile drawing of the
49:
28:
1680:"Chapter IV: Relative Strength"
1584:"French Naval Manoeuvres, 1886"
861:ships, and the newer ironclads
1654:Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1890). "
1026:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
1582:Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1888).
291:5 × 356 mm (14 in)
285:8 × 37 mm (1.5 in)
668:of ironclads, and whether a
533:The ship was protected with
2622:Dévastation-class ironclads
576:is in the foreground, with
315:: 241 mm (9.5 in)
2653:
2637:Maritime incidents in 1922
1904:"Foreign Naval Manoeuvres"
1128:, where she was broken up
927:pre-dreadnought battleship
530:in above-water launchers.
361:Dévastation-class ironclad
358:
321:: 61 mm (2.4 in)
17:
2587:
2385:December (unknown date):
2073:
2049:
2027:
1861:Roberts, Stephen (2021).
890:served as the divisional
524:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
417:, which were the largest
287:Hotchkiss revolver cannon
130:
42:
27:
2144:January (unknown date):
433:and completed earlier.
131:General characteristics
20:French ship Dévastation
1865:. Barnsley: Seaforth.
992:
806:
684:
581:
473:compound steam engines
382:
229:compound steam engines
2627:Ships built in France
2262:June (unknown date):
1235:, pp. 45–46, 48.
1008:, along with the two
972:
800:
678:
565:
419:central battery ships
368:
1105:coastal defense ship
1038:was struck from the
980:in 1912; a disarmed
701:coastal defense ship
568:Villefranche-sur-Mer
566:The French fleet at
481:indicated horsepower
209:indicated horsepower
146:central battery ship
2497:Francesco Ferruccio
1463:, pp. 210–212.
1427:, pp. 165–166.
1403:, pp. 195–197.
1343:, pp. 368–369.
1307:, pp. 225–231.
1295:, pp. 214–222.
1283:, pp. 208–213.
1259:, pp. 204–206.
1150:, pp. 289–290.
1059:from 1911 to 1912.
770:, and the ironclad
736:French North Africa
717:Strait of Gibraltar
558:Construction – 1889
37:later in her career
2477:Canadian Commander
2246:City Island Casino
1700:Brassey, Thomas A.
1676:Brassey, Thomas A.
1451:, pp. 57, 66.
997:water-tube boilers
993:
807:
685:
617:and the ironclads
582:
383:
343:battleship of the
2609:
2608:
2255:Robert C. Pringle
2086:
2085:
1979:978-2-909675-16-9
1894:978-0-87021-141-6
1872:978-1-5267-4533-0
1785:978-0-85177-133-5
1656:La Nouvelle Revue
1379:, pp. 72–77.
1355:, pp. 61–67.
1319:, pp. 33–37.
1211:, pp. 45–47.
1048:protected cruiser
910:s, and the three
837:and the ironclad
831:coastal artillery
691:on the island of
512:secondary battery
477:fire-tube boilers
327:
326:
203:fire-tube boilers
2644:
2601:
2596:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2537:City of Honolulu
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2392:
2381:
2359:
2350:City of Honolulu
2343:
2333:
2311:
2300:
2289:
2279:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2189:
2178:
2168:
2165:Northern Pacific
2158:
2140:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2021:-class ironclads
2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1983:
1953:
1942:The Naval Annual
1936:
1925:The Naval Annual
1919:
1908:The Naval Annual
1898:
1876:
1857:
1846:The Naval Annual
1840:
1829:The Naval Annual
1823:
1812:The Naval Annual
1806:
1795:The Naval Annual
1789:
1777:
1766:
1755:The Naval Annual
1749:
1738:The Naval Annual
1732:
1721:The Naval Annual
1715:
1704:The Naval Annual
1695:
1684:The Naval Annual
1671:
1660:The Naval Annual
1650:
1639:The Naval Annual
1633:
1622:The Naval Annual
1616:
1605:The Naval Annual
1599:
1588:The Naval Annual
1578:
1566:The Naval Annual
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1543:
1535:
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1523:
1517:
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1505:
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1487:
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1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1081:prisoners of war
1067:, where she was
403:-class ironclads
376:and the similar
235:screw propellers
83:20 December 1875
57:
54:
53:
52:
32:
25:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2557:Roland Morillot
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2517:American Legion
2513:
2503:
2493:
2487:Nieuw Amsterdam
2483:
2473:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2406:
2400:Other incidents
2395:
2384:
2362:
2346:
2336:
2314:
2303:
2292:
2282:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2143:
2133:
2120:
2117:
2087:
2082:
2069:
2045:
2023:
2015:
1980:
1964:Saibène, Marc.
1963:
1960:
1958:Further reading
1939:
1922:
1901:
1895:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1843:
1826:
1809:
1792:
1786:
1769:
1752:
1735:
1718:
1698:
1674:
1653:
1636:
1619:
1602:
1581:
1557:Brassey, Thomas
1555:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1425:Thursfield 1897
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1377:Thursfield 1894
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1353:Thursfield 1892
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1006:English Channel
989:-class cruisers
795:
560:
555:
553:Service history
363:
357:
349:central battery
196:Installed power
115:5 February 1909
55:
50:
48:
38:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2360:
2344:
2334:
2312:
2301:
2290:
2280:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2190:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2141:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2064:Amiral Duperré
2059:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1937:
1920:
1899:
1893:
1881:Ropp, Theodore
1877:
1871:
1858:
1841:
1824:
1807:
1790:
1784:
1767:
1750:
1733:
1716:
1696:
1672:
1651:
1634:
1617:
1600:
1579:
1559:, ed. (1886).
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:"(untitled)".
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1271:, p. 299.
1261:
1249:
1247:, p. 487.
1237:
1225:
1223:, p. 329.
1213:
1201:
1199:, p. 290.
1176:
1164:
1152:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1052:Châteaurenault
1040:naval register
1014:Amiral Duperré
964:Amiral Duperré
952:Amiral Duperré
867:and the three
852:Amiral Duperré
819:Amiral Duperré
794:
791:
768:Amiral Duperré
713:French Algeria
642:Amiral Duperré
573:Amiral Duperré
559:
556:
554:
551:
489:nautical miles
359:Main article:
356:
353:
325:
324:
323:
322:
316:
310:
302:
298:
297:
296:
295:
289:
283:
280:
277:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
238:
237:
231:
223:
219:
218:
217:
216:
205:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
153:
149:
148:
137:
136:Class and type
133:
132:
128:
127:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:Out of service
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
91:19 August 1879
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
40:
39:
33:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2649:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:Lyman Stewart
2335:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:Granite State
2291:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:Followed by:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:Preceded by:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1528:, p. 47.
1527:
1522:
1519:
1516:, p. 40.
1515:
1510:
1507:
1504:, p. 33.
1503:
1502:Leyland 1899a
1498:
1495:
1492:, p. 40.
1491:
1490:Leyland 1899a
1486:
1483:
1480:, p. 48.
1479:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:Leyland 1899b
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:, p. 57.
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1415:, p. 62.
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:, p. 50.
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:, p. 70.
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:Brassey 1890b
1337:
1334:
1331:, p. 64.
1330:
1329:Brassey 1890a
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:Brassey 1890a
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:Brassey 1888b
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:Brassey 1888a
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:Brassey 1888a
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:Brassey 1888a
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:Brassey 1888c
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:, p. 45.
1173:
1168:
1165:
1162:, p. 72.
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:taken during
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:training ship
1041:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Amiral Baudin
1007:
1002:
1001:fighting tops
998:
990:
988:
987:Leon Gambetta
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
933:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:Amiral Baudin
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:. This year,
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
871:
866:
865:
860:
858:
857:Amiral Baudin
853:
848:
846:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:as modernized
804:
799:
792:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:In May 1887,
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
682:
677:
673:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:
644:
643:
638:
637:
632:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
579:
575:
574:
570:around 1890;
569:
564:
557:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
528:torpedo tubes
525:
521:
520:torpedo boats
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:full-ship rig
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:spotting tops
462:
458:
457:capital ships
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
402:
397:
396:
391:
389:
381:
380:
375:
373:
367:
362:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
339:
337:
332:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
293:torpedo tubes
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
262:
261:
257:
253:
250:
249:
245:
242:
241:
236:
232:
230:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
214:
210:
206:
204:
200:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:(10,620
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
98:
95:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
46:
41:
36:
31:
26:
21:
16:
2576:
2566:
2555:
2546:
2535:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2330:Philadelphia
2328:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2296:
2285:
2275:
2264:
2254:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2196:
2185:
2175:Golden State
2174:
2164:
2162:8 Feb: USAT
2154:
2147:
2136:
2063:
2055:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2018:
1969:
1965:
1941:
1924:
1907:
1884:
1862:
1845:
1828:
1811:
1794:
1773:
1754:
1737:
1720:
1703:
1683:
1659:
1655:
1638:
1621:
1604:
1587:
1564:
1539:
1533:
1521:
1514:Leyland 1901
1509:
1497:
1485:
1456:
1449:Brassey 1898
1444:
1437:Brassey 1897
1432:
1420:
1413:Brassey 1896
1408:
1396:
1389:Brassey 1895
1384:
1372:
1365:Brassey 1893
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1245:Brassey 1886
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1113:
1108:
1097:shipbreakers
1088:
1060:
1051:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
994:
986:
976:(center) in
973:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
940:
935:
930:
924:
919:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:Rear Admiral
887:
882:
876:
869:
863:
856:
851:
849:
844:
839:
834:
822:
818:
814:
810:
808:
802:
781:
777:
772:
767:
763:
759:
754:
748:
743:
739:
727:
725:
696:
686:
680:
660:
647:
641:
635:
630:
625:
619:
614:
611:
589:
583:
577:
572:
535:wrought iron
532:
501:
483:(6,200
469:main battery
441:long overall
436:
435:
426:
422:
414:
410:
406:
400:
394:
387:
384:
378:
371:
335:
330:
328:
211:(6,200
152:Displacement
140:
99:15 July 1882
96:Commissioned
65:
34:
15:
2366:Dévastation
2265:Prinz Eugen
2033:Dévastation
2019:Dévastation
1114:Dévastation
1089:Dévastation
1085:World War I
1077:prison ship
1065:Landévennec
1061:Dévastation
1036:Dévastation
1030:Dévastation
991:lies astern
974:Dévastation
960:Indomptable
936:Dévastation
920:Dévastation
900:Dévastation
888:Dévastation
845:Dévastation
823:Dévastation
803:Dévastation
782:Dévastation
778:Dévastation
773:Indomptable
740:Dévastation
728:Dévastation
697:Dévastation
681:Dévastation
615:Dévastation
590:Dévastation
578:Dévastation
537:armor; her
437:Dévastation
427:Dévastation
411:Dévastation
388:Dévastation
372:Dévastation
345:French Navy
336:Dévastation
331:Dévastation
254:3,100
141:Dévastation
66:Dévastation
35:Dévastation
2632:1879 ships
2616:Categories
2577:Santa Rosa
2204:19 April:
2126:Shipwrecks
2056:Redoutable
1550:References
1126:Port-Louis
1057:boatswains
1022:Redoutable
906:, the two
894:, hosting
854:, the two
840:Formidable
815:Redoutable
744:Redoutable
631:Redoutable
606:sea trials
602:commission
497:barque rig
407:Redoutable
395:Redoutable
379:Redoutable
263:Complement
222:Propulsion
107:April 1913
2527:Swiftstar
2411:Versatile
2409:HMS
2387:USS
2315:26 Aug:
2306:HMS
2286:El Kahira
2274:SMS
2227:Conestoga
2195:HMS
2184:HMS
2153:USS
1950:496786828
1933:496786828
1916:496786828
1854:496786828
1837:496786828
1820:496786828
1803:496786828
1763:496786828
1746:496786828
1729:496786828
1712:496786828
1692:496786828
1668:496786828
1647:496786828
1630:496786828
1613:496786828
1596:496786828
1575:496786828
1540:The Times
1116:ran hard
1055:to train
956:Friedland
916:mobilized
793:1890–1927
755:Richelieu
657:cast iron
626:Friedland
594:laid down
516:barbettes
453:displaced
443:, with a
157:long tons
124:Broken up
80:Laid down
2574:26 Dec:
2554:23 Oct:
2544:16 Oct:
2534:12 Oct:
2524:10 Oct:
2514:31 Aug:
2504:22 Aug:
2494:30 Jul:
2461:Bouclier
2458:27 Jun:
2448:23 May:
2438:22 May:
2431:Stolwijk
2428:25 Apr:
2421:Majestic
2418:29 Mar:
2407:23 Mar:
2378:Skuratov
2372:Gromoboi
2363:30 Oct:
2347:17 Oct:
2293:26 Jul:
2276:Nürnberg
2252:18 Jun:
2234:29 May:
2224:21 May:
2214:20 May:
2193:23 Mar:
2172:18 Feb:
2134:19 Jan:
1678:(1893).
1197:Campbell
1148:Campbell
1109:Tonnerre
947:Terrible
892:flagship
825:went to
705:cruisers
703:, three
670:flotilla
666:blockade
508:casemate
467:for her
431:launched
341:ironclad
313:Casemate
271:Armament
112:Stricken
88:Launched
2567:Pelican
2484:8 Jul:
2474:3 Jul:
2441:Dongola
2356:Hopelyn
2337:7 Oct:
2324:Niitaka
2308:Raleigh
2304:8 Aug:
2283:9 Jul:
2272:7 Jul:
2244:9 Jun:
2237:Kwinana
2207:Lambton
2186:Laertes
2182:8 Mar:
2137:Marceau
2040:Courbet
1526:Roberts
1478:Roberts
1233:Roberts
1209:Roberts
1172:Roberts
1130:in situ
1122:salvage
1118:aground
1101:Hamburg
1073:Lorient
1069:laid up
1018:Courbet
931:Brennus
912:Marceau
904:Courbet
883:Marceau
877:Neptune
870:Marceau
835:Courbet
811:Courbet
764:Colbert
760:Courbet
749:Trident
721:Majorca
693:Corsica
689:Ajaccio
636:Suffren
620:Colbert
504:caliber
461:ram bow
423:Courbet
415:Courbet
333:was an
266:689 men
155:10,450
75:Lorient
72:Builder
43:History
2547:Rossia
2507:Cymric
2451:Domala
2318:France
1976:
1948:
1931:
1914:
1891:
1869:
1852:
1835:
1818:
1801:
1782:
1761:
1744:
1727:
1710:
1690:
1666:
1645:
1628:
1611:
1594:
1573:
1020:, and
954:, and
941:Caïman
872:-class
859:-class
786:Hyères
752:, and
732:convoy
661:Armide
653:target
648:Armide
639:, and
598:Toulon
580:behind
401:Duilio
355:Design
338:-class
207:8,300
168:Length
143:-class
126:, 1927
56:France
2564:Nov:
2467:Paris
2217:Egypt
1968:[
1401:Gleig
1136:Notes
1093:Paris
1091:to a
978:Brest
864:Hoche
827:Brest
651:as a
449:draft
390:class
374:class
301:Armor
251:Range
243:Speed
201:12 ×
188:Draft
2603:1923
2590:1921
2295:USS
2146:USS
1974:ISBN
1946:OCLC
1929:OCLC
1912:OCLC
1889:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1850:OCLC
1833:OCLC
1816:OCLC
1799:OCLC
1780:ISBN
1759:OCLC
1742:OCLC
1725:OCLC
1708:OCLC
1688:OCLC
1664:OCLC
1643:OCLC
1626:OCLC
1609:OCLC
1592:OCLC
1571:OCLC
1269:Ropp
1160:Ropp
1079:for
982:hulk
962:and
880:and
813:and
709:Oran
604:for
592:was
588:for
586:keel
584:The
547:deck
543:hull
539:belt
445:beam
429:was
413:and
385:The
329:The
319:Deck
307:Belt
233:2 ×
227:2 ×
180:Beam
120:Fate
62:Name
2389:B-1
2197:H42
2155:B-3
2148:A-2
1099:in
1012:s,
596:in
347:of
256:nmi
173:loa
2618::
2464:,
2375:,
2369:,
2353:,
2327:,
2321:,
2151:,
1906:.
1682:.
1586:.
1563:.
1468:^
1179:^
1132:.
1028:.
1016:,
950:,
944:,
766:,
762:,
746:,
742:,
711:,
695:;
633:,
629:,
623:,
499:.
485:kW
213:kW
2112:e
2105:t
2098:v
2010:e
2003:t
1996:v
1982:.
1952:.
1935:.
1918:.
1897:.
1875:.
1856:.
1839:.
1822:.
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1788:.
1765:.
1748:.
1731:.
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1670:.
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1615:.
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1577:.
215:)
175:)
163:)
161:t
22:.
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