494:, occupied a 30-metre long compartment and was designed for 1200 shp but could develop up to 3,327 shp in peak power from eight boilers, each with six furnaces. Though direct transmission by an axis, it moved a four-blade, 6.3-metre propeller which could be retracted into a vertical shaft, only 1.3 metre wide thanks to the geometry of the blades. The ship carried 590 tonnes of coal, giving her an autonomy of 14 days at 10 knots, and 6 days at her top speed of 14 knots. With three month worth of food for the 1,200-man complement, and one month worth fresh water completed by a distillation device to desalinate seawater, she could stay at sea for 40 days.
829:
844:
796:
811:
597:
681:
567:
551:
61:
408:
31:
677:, which was almost over after the fall of Kinburn in October 1855. Appointed flagship of the Toulon squadron in January 1856, she sailed to the Black Sea to serve during the last months of the conflict, which came to an end in July, and helped return the French expeditionary corps back to France. She was then part of the training squadron in Toulon, cruising between Sardinia and Spain.
706:
in
Cherbourg Roads on 5 August 1858. The French Emperor intended to prove to the British that the recent improvements to Cherbourg military harbour were not meant as a threat to Great Britain, and invited the British monarch, Prince Albert and a large British delegation to visit the installations, as
653:
In 1869, after the ship became a school ship for the École Navale, this armament was replaced with two rifled 19 cm guns on the lower deck; sixteen 30-pounder guns, four riffled 16-centimetre guns of the 1864 pattern, eight riffled 16-centimetre guns modified after the 1860 or the 1862 pattern,
707:
a token of good faith. The visit was counter-productive, as the display of power of the French fleet, compounded by bouts of diplomatic clumsiness such as inaugurating an equestrian statue of Napoléon I, irritated and worried the
British. After the British delegation departed in haste,
450:
had been erected, amounting to the third of the 24 construction steps defined by regulations in ship construction; she was taken apart and rebuilt according to
Marielle's plans, which had been approved in December 1852. At the same time, the order for the steam engine was placed.
431:
on 27 Octobre. On 17 June 1852, the
Ministry of the Navy suspended construction and required that the ships be lengthened by 3.43 metres and that 540 shp steam engines be incorporated. Brest responded to the requirements in September 1852, but at the same point,
592:
proved much heavier than anticipated: designed to displace 6466 tonnes for an 8.20-metre draught, she actually displaced 6873, yielding a 9-metre draught that lowered the lower battery to only 1.45 meters above water, instead of the intended 1.75 metres.
404:, had had their tumblehome reduced by 23 centimetres with no ill effect. An initial suggestion to fit the ships with 160 shp steam engines allowing for a speed of 4.5 knots was declined as to minimise departures from Sané's design.
641:
and another 18 Paixhans guns of 60 pounds. The upper battery was armed with thirty-eight 30-pounder howitzers. Two 50-pounders and eighteen 30-pounder caronades complemented the armament on the deck. This gave
517:
featured no less than 180 gun ports; this allowed the crew to reinforce the artillery on one arc if needed and time permitting, such as before a shore bombardment, and fire up to 80 guns on one target.
752:
was transformed into a schoolship for boys and sailors, leading to the removal of her engine. In 1869, the artillery was replaced by an assortment of guns for training use. The 30-gun corvette
1408:
1089:
1052:
843:
254:
middle battery: 16 gun 30 n°2, 4 x 160 cm rifled guns canons rayés (mod. 1864), 8 x 160 mm rifled guns (mod. 1860 and 1862), 2x 160 mm muzzle-loading rifled guns, 2 x 140 mm guns
828:
314:
and a two-cylinder, 8-boiler steam engine allowing her a speed of 13.5 knots. The propeller could be retracted to streamline the hull when sailing under sail only.
1651:
1082:
795:
533:, and the name of the ship underneath. The ship was painted in black, with white stripes along the level of the gunports and copper-red paint underwater.
1666:
446:
class and ordered existing sailing ships to be converted to steamers, using as many existing parts as possible. At this point, the keel, bow and aft of
321:. She was decommissioned in 1865, becoming a schoolship for boys and sailors in Brest. Struck from the Navy lists in 1880, she was broken up that year.
810:
1075:
742:
1060:
943:
Henri-Joseph
Paixhans, Constitution militaire de la France, Paris, Librairie militaire de J. Dumaine, 36 rue et passage Dauphine, 1849, 357 p.
896:
654:
two muzzle-loading 16-centimetre riffled guns, and 2 14-centimetre guns on the middle battery; and 2 bronze 12-centimetre guns on the deck.
770:
462:
718:
393:
1413:
1538:
479:
took place on 17 February 1855; in spite of a 2 °C, snow and strong wind, a large populace gathered to watch the operation.
566:
1427:
1360:
333:
288:
1656:
437:
306:
663:
442:
was completing her trials, exhibiting such outstanding performances that on 10 September 1852 the
Ministry cancelled the
1566:
1098:
980:
399:
358:), to be built in Brest and Cherbourg respectively; the order was placed on 15 March 1851. The mediocre performances of
616:
550:
346:
in Brest, but the ship was cancelled in 1848 to slim down expenses. The 1850 budget then scheduled two ships, named
1476:
1030:
1008:
1434:
1354:
738:
734:
525:, an important character in the folklore of Bretagne, with a sickle in hand and a wearing an oak leaf crown. The
457:
509:
on which other ships standardised their armament. The aft of the ship was round and featured gun ports, like on
388:
by 20 centimetres and on a slight increase of the beam — alterations thought safe, as the two last ships of the
359:
295:
44:
1112:
927:, tome 9, Paris, Imprimerie et Librairie administratives de Paul Dupont, 47 rue de Grenelle-Saint-Honoré, 1853
711:
took the French emperor and empress aboard and ferried them to Brest for the next leg of their official tour.
950:
Voyage de leurs majestés l'empereur et l'impératrice dans les départements de l'Ouest (Normandie et
Bretagne)
1373:
1238:
1117:
369:
725:
forts in
Morocco, where a cannonball hit her hull. In 1860, she sailed to Napoli for the funeral of Prince
490:. With a draught of 8.35 metre, the ship had a volume of just under 20,000 mÂł. The engine, provided by the
1401:
1341:
433:
726:
673:
became the most powerful warship in the world, but commissioned too late to effectively take part in the
1441:
1245:
1156:
1420:
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40:
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1257:
638:
491:
20:
284:
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1283:
1232:
688:
630:
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506:
502:
365:
596:
1594:
1531:
1483:
1198:
557:
530:
526:
889:
Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de
Colbert Ă nos jours 1 1671 - 1870
615:
increased the number of heavy guns on the lower battery to 18 on each side, from the 15 of the
376:
design, with only incremental modifications. In late 1851, engineers De Gasté, responsible for
1587:
1545:
1367:
1290:
902:
892:
872:
819:
416:
233:
lower battery : 18 Ă— "canon de 36" (43 lb shot), 18 Ă— 80-pounder shell gun (223 mm shell)
1552:
802:
757:
342:
The 1849 budget initially allowed for construction of a new three-decker capital ship named
1380:
1211:
1169:
680:
242:
forecastle : 2 Ă— "canon de 50" (56 lb shot), 18 Ă— 30-pounder carronades (164 mm shot)
703:
1524:
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775:
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1503:
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1327:
1305:
1204:
646:
a broadside of 2,924 pounds (1,431 kilograms), compared to the 2,400 of the original
600:
194:
1 Ă— 13 metre boat, 1 Ă— 11.5 metre boat, 4 Ă— 10.5 metre boats, 1 Ă— 8 metre boat, 4 Ă—
1448:
1272:
1251:
1223:
1151:
1141:
1135:
634:
355:
304:'s design, and incorporated the philosophy of "fast ship of the line" pioneered by
1388:
407:
30:
1469:
1455:
1318:
1122:
992:
674:
318:
280:
1176:
1146:
1129:
722:
385:
236:
middle battery : 18 Ă— 30-pounder (164 mm shot), 18 Ă— 80-pounder shell gun
984:
906:
1580:
1495:
1162:
1041:
1019:
195:
364:
during her trials led to the Navy shedding the capital ship design of the
1559:
482:
The new design gave a length of 81 metres and a beam of 18.08; this made
455:, whose keel was only beginning to be laid, was cancelled altogether and
737:, to oppose a Sardinian attack against Napolitan forces, leading to the
1630:
1067:
937:, Paris, Lebrun et Cie, libraires, 8 rue des Saints-Pères, 1856, 347 p.
633:
that typically prevailed at the time, the other half being 60-pounder
513:
on her successors. Although she carried 130 guns of various calibres,
287:. Built as a new capital ship meant to improve on the very successful
1278:
1187:
935:
Annuaire historique universel ; ou, Histoire politique pour 1855
577:
522:
199:
917:, London, John Murray, Albermale Street, 1851, 3rd edition, 638 p.
730:
679:
595:
406:
311:
852:
sailing close-hauled; the rounded, armed aft is clearly visible.
1071:
925:
Nouvelles annales de la Marine et des
Colonies, revue mensuelle
873:
Napoleon III Receiving Queen Victoria at Cherbourg, 5 août 1858
629:, as to maximise firepower at the price of standardisation on
505:, the heaviest available calibre, instead of the more modern
251:
lower battery: 2 190mm rifled guns canons rayés de 19 cm
721:
in 1859, and a few months later the led the bombing of
317:
Launched in 1855, she was too late to take part in the
529:
featured the coat of arms of Bretagne, carried by two
176:
Indret steam engine, 8 boilers, 4,800 shp, 1 propeller
611:
The ultimate increase in French capital ship design,
332:
was the offspring of an attempt to improve upon the
1623:
1605:
1494:
1222:
1186:
1105:
625:s. In the original design, half of these guns were
339:by increasing the beam from 16.24 to 16.64 metres.
687:saluting Queen Victoria in Cherbourg. Painting by
414:under construction in Brest arsenal. Engraving in
698:took part in the naval parade given in honour of
662:Completed two years after her British homologue
1083:
8:
1053:"Plans de bateaux — Atlas du génie maritime"
745:back to France, before returning to Toulon.
152:81 m (266 ft) (at the water line)
1090:
1076:
1068:
764:was struck for the Navy lists and renamed
279:was a fast 130-gun three-deck ship of the
184:12.6 knots (23.3 km/h; 14.5 mph)
768:, exchanging her name and equipment with
294:, while avoiding the weaknesses found on
486:8 metres longer and 2 metres wider than
19:For other ships with the same name, see
969:, vol. 25, J. J. Dubochet, 1855, 453 p.
967:L'Illustration : journal universel
865:
791:
546:
1031:"Bretagne class sail ship of the line"
144:5,289 tonnes, 6,875 tonnes full charge
25:
57:
7:
1652:Ships of the line of the French Navy
801:Portrait under steam propulsion, by
239:upper battery : 38 Ă— 30-pounder
741:. She spent most of 1861 ferrying
521:The figurehead figured the prophet
427:was laid down on 4 August 1851 and
16:Ship of the line of the French Navy
719:Second Italian War of Independence
14:
1667:Crimean War naval ships of France
717:served as a troopship during the
842:
827:
809:
794:
565:
549:
384:, decided on a reduction of the
59:
29:
1057:Service historique de la Marine
743:French troops deployed in Syria
468:, the production series of the
257:Bridge: 2 x 120 mm bronze guns
1:
1009:"Fast screw ship of the line"
637:. The middle deck fielded 18
472:design, was started instead.
1001:Généalogie de José CHAPALAIN
1059:(in French). Archived from
983:(in French). Archived from
981:"La Flotte de Napoléon III"
915:A Treatise on Naval Gunnery
887:Roche, Jean-Michel (2005).
837:at anchor, drying her sails
735:Adelbert Lebarbier de Tinan
300:, she retained most of the
160:18.08 m (59.3 ft)
1683:
733:in October, under Admiral
168:8.56 m (28.1 ft)
18:
822:in honour of Napoléon III
436:'s fast ship of the line
135:
52:
28:
45:National Maritime Museum
325:Design and construction
283:, designed by engineer
136:General characteristics
960:, no 806, August 1858.
891:. Roche. p. 301.
760:. On 28 January 1880,
692:
621:of 1766 and 16 on the
608:
421:
209:up to 1,800 passengers
1657:Ships built in France
1436:Sovereign of the Seas
1246:Chinese treasure ship
1157:Roman ship of Marausa
1113:Caligula's Giant Ship
729:. She then sailed to
683:
639:30-pounder short guns
599:
461:, second ship of the
410:
380:, and Forquenot, for
1099:Largest wooden ships
1063:on January 17, 2012.
739:Battle of Garigliano
631:30-pounder long guns
627:36-pounder long guns
607:in Brest, circa 1860
556:Coat of arms of the
503:36-pounder long guns
497:The main battery of
368:and start back from
189:Boats & landing
21:French ship Bretagne
1478:William D. Lawrence
1188:Medieval and modern
774:, and was towed to
658:Operational history
507:30-pounder long gun
366:Commission de Paris
1409:Santisima Trinidad
1118:Hatshepsut's barge
952:texte officiel du
693:
666:Duke of Wellington
609:
422:
41:Jules Achille Noël
1639:
1638:
1415:SĂŁo JoĂŁo Baptista
1368:Peter Pomegranate
1224:Wind-powered only
1190:oar-powered ships
933:Armand Fouquier,
898:978-2-9525917-0-6
820:manning the yards
778:to be broken up.
771:Ville de Bordeaux
766:Ville de Bordeaux
310:, with a rounded
271:
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1674:
1375:Peter von Danzig
1240:Baron of Renfrew
1233:Adler von LĂĽbeck
1092:
1085:
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1040:. Archived from
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1024:
1018:. Archived from
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1004:
988:
965:
948:
942:
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913:Howard Douglas,
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689:LĂ©on Morel-Fatio
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91:17 February 1855
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1464:Victoria (1859)
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727:Jérôme Napoléon
660:
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538:Decorations of
492:Indret workshop
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1547:George Spencer
1543:
1540:Frank O'Connor
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1313:Great Republic
1309:
1302:
1295:
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1269:
1266:Flor de la Mar
1262:
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1103:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1049:
1047:on 2012-02-27.
1027:
1025:on 2012-02-16.
1005:
989:
987:on 2007-02-09.
975:
974:External links
972:
971:
970:
961:
958:L'Illustration
956:, gravures de
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700:Queen Victoria
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588:As completed,
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572:Figurehead of
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417:L'Illustration
395:Ville de Paris
354:(in honour of
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285:Jules Marielle
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803:François Roux
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635:Paixhans guns
632:
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619:
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601:Daguerreotype
598:
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579:
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475:Launching of
473:
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434:Dupuy de LĂ´me
430:
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131:Scrapped 1880
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75:Brest arsenal
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56:
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27:
22:
1612:
1595:
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1484:
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1429:Soleil Royal
1428:
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1387:
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1366:
1355:
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1284:
1273:Ganj-i-Sawai
1271:
1264:
1258:
1252:Cinco Chagas
1250:
1239:
1231:
1213:Galère Réale
1212:
1205:
1197:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1142:Marsala Ship
1136:Leontophoros
1134:
1123:
1061:the original
1056:
1042:the original
1037:
1020:the original
1015:
1003:(in French).
1000:
994:
985:the original
966:
957:
953:
949:
934:
924:
914:
888:
868:
849:
834:
816:
784:
769:
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753:
749:
747:
714:
713:
708:
704:Napoléon III
695:
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684:
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356:Louis Desaix
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275:
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245:
227:
141:Displacement
96:Commissioned
83:January 1853
36:
1575:La Bretagne
1519:Continental
1512:Australasia
1443:Susquehanna
1361:Océan class
1299:Great Harry
1206:Galera Real
1199:Cakra Dunia
964:(in French)
947:(in French)
941:(in French)
931:(in French)
923:Ad. Bouin,
921:(in French)
776:Landévennec
675:Crimean War
319:Crimean War
281:French Navy
1662:1855 ships
1646:Categories
1526:Dunderberg
1505:Appomattox
1422:Shenandoah
1403:Santa Anna
1292:Grace Dieu
1177:Thalamegos
1147:Nemi ships
1130:Khufu ship
1038:ShipScribe
1016:ShipScribe
881:References
783:Images of
576:featuring
386:tumblehome
230:: 130 guns
214:Complement
173:Propulsion
112:In service
1582:L.R. Doty
1450:Tenacious
1342:Mahmudiye
1319:Javanese
1285:Götheborg
1163:Syracusia
907:165892922
861:Citations
748:In 1865,
464:Algésiras
401:Louis-XIV
217:1,170 men
196:whaleboat
80:Laid down
47:, London.
1606:Immobile
1382:Pretoria
1259:Columbus
995:Bretagne
954:Moniteur
850:Bretagne
835:Bretagne
817:Bretagne
785:Bretagne
762:Bretagne
754:Galathée
750:Bretagne
715:Bretagne
709:Bretagne
696:Bretagne
685:Bretagne
671:Bretagne
650:design.
644:Bretagne
618:Bretagne
613:Bretagne
605:Bretagne
590:Bretagne
574:Bretagne
540:Bretagne
515:Bretagne
511:Napoléon
499:Bretagne
488:Napoléon
484:Bretagne
477:Bretagne
470:Napoléon
448:Bretagne
444:Bretagne
439:Napoléon
425:Bretagne
412:Bretagne
392:design,
378:Bretagne
348:Bretagne
344:Terrible
330:Bretagne
307:Napoléon
276:Bretagne
228:Original
222:Armament
206:Capacity
200:dinghies
120:Stricken
88:Launched
37:Bretagne
1631:Belyana
1596:Orlando
1568:Jylland
1485:Wyoming
1471:Victory
1396:Roanoke
723:TĂ©touan
558:transom
527:transom
248: :
246:in 1869
165:Draught
72:Builder
53:History
1589:Mersey
1533:Eureka
1389:Rahīmī
1356:Orient
1328:Kronan
1279:Ghurab
905:
895:
758:tender
578:Veleda
523:Veleda
458:Arcole
453:Desaix
429:Desaix
382:Desaix
352:Desaix
267:timber
264:Armour
198:, 2 Ă—
149:Length
66:France
1624:Other
1561:Iosco
1045:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
1023:(PDF)
1012:(PDF)
731:Gaeta
648:Océan
623:Océan
531:geniī
501:used
390:Océan
374:Océan
361:Valmy
337:class
335:Océan
312:stern
302:Océan
297:Valmy
292:class
290:Océan
181:Speed
1457:Vasa
1349:Mars
1321:jong
1124:Isis
993:"La
903:OCLC
893:ISBN
664:HMS
466:type
398:and
370:Sané
350:and
273:The
157:Beam
128:Fate
123:1880
115:1855
107:1865
99:1855
35:The
702:by
603:of
372:'s
1648::
1055:.
1036:.
1014:.
999:.
901:.
669:,
43:,
1363:)
1359:(
1091:e
1084:t
1077:v
997:"
909:.
691:.
580:.
560:.
420:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
