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332:'s speechwriter wrote about Utley that "many of the intellectuals didn't want to hear what she had to say. She had impressive academic credentials when she came to the U.S. but publishers and the academy closed doors against her. She understood all too well. She had tried communism and learned its falseness. She said only those 'who have never fully committed themselves to the communist cause' can continue to believe in it."
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mentioned a gathering of leading conservatives to pay tribute to Utley ten years after her death. In 2005, her son, Jon Utley, endowed the Freda Utley Prize for
Advancing Liberty, administered by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation. Ten thousand dollars a year is bestowed upon overseas think tanks
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Upon her return to Moscow with her husband, she became disillusioned with the system's inability to provide decent medical care or housing as well as the corrupt, hierarchical
Communist Party system. Living in Moscow from 1930 to 1936, she worked as a translator, editor and a senior scientific worker
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A thoughtful
American professor, whom I met in Heidelberg, expressed the opinion that the United States military authorities on entering Germany and seeing the ghastly destruction wrought by our obliteration bombing were fearful that knowledge of it would cause a revulsion of opinion in America and
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made her more favourable to communism. After visiting Russia as the vice-president of the
University Labour Federation in 1927, she joined the British Communist Party (CPGB) in 1928. Utley writes about her conversion: "It was a passion for the emancipation of mankind, not the blueprint of a planned
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idealized the
Chinese communists. The work aroused considerable popular sympathy for China and helped foment poor relations with Japan prior to World War II. Her goal was to make for herself an international reputation and prove her communist credentials to free her husband. Author Francis Beckett
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I have not pretended to be a
Stalinist but have kept my mouth shut about Russia until now. Naturally I have no illusions left—nor had any before they took Arcadi. I am not a Trotskyist as I have become convinced that all dictatorships are much the same and that power corrupts everyone. Without
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wrote the introduction: "I knew Freda Utley first when she was in the process of becoming a
Communist; I continued to know her through the stages of her disenchantment, the tragedy of her husband's arrest, and the despair induced by the failure of all her efforts to procure his release." Utley
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acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the
Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where
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On 14 April 1936, Soviet police arrested her husband, then the head of an import/export government group. Unable to aid him, she left soon after for
England with her young son Jon, using British names and passports. There, she mobilized important leftist friends like Shaw, Russell and
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society nor any mystical yearning to merge myself in a fellowship absolving me of personal responsibility, which both led me into the
Communist fold, and caused me to leave it as soon as I learned that it meant submission to the most total tyranny which mankind has ever experienced."
1243:) "American rules of evidence are not to be applied by the judges. Hearsay and double hearsay evidence is permitted, and it is left entirely to the discretion of the judges whether or not the defense be permitted to question the authenticity or probative value of evidence."
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critically examines the dissemination and impact of such arguments by Utley and other "revisionists", claiming that "the argument that the United States committed atrocities as great, if not greater, than those committed by Germany has become a fulcrum of contemporary
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wrote: "It is a strongly unassailable indictment of Russian Communism. It is a strongly dramatic story and one interesting enough to make a major novel, the story of a brilliant mind, rigorously truthful in its working". Communist publishers and
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in 1928. Later, married and living in Moscow, she quickly became disillusioned with communism. When her Russian husband, Arcadi Berdichevsky, was arrested in 1936, she escaped to England with her young son. (Her husband was executed in 1938.)
220:, an exposé of the Japanese textile industries that also attacked Western support for Japanese imperialism. The book was an international bestseller, translated into five languages, and solidified her credentials in communist circles.
33:
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might prevent the carrying out of Washington's policy for Germany by awakening sympathy for the defeated and realization of our war crimes. This, he believes, is the reason why a whole fleet of aircraft was used by General
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to bring journalists, Congressmen, and churchmen to see the concentration camps; the idea being that the sight of Hitler's starved victims would obliterate consciousness of our own guilt. Certainly it worked out that
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was criticized for factual inaccuracies and an exaggerated negative view of the Japanese people and a misinterpretation of the class system. The Japanese government held her responsible for the initiation of an
153:. In her memoirs, Utley describes her early influences as "liberal, socialist and free-thinking, strongly colored by the poetry of revolt and liberty and legends, stories and romances of heroism and adventure."
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described her work as emanating from "the only Western writer who had known Russia both from inside and from below, sharing some of the hardships and all the fears of the forcibly silenced Russian people."
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to other congressional committees. In the unpublished second volume of her autobiography, she held that McCarthy had been "captured by the forces of the ultra-right and thereby led to destruction."
1222:
Note: she notes "Asked before leaving Germany on September 25, 1948, whether the transfer of German workers to slave labour in Russia is in contravention of the laws established at Nuremberg,
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because she thought the Soviet Union was more dangerous than Hitler and doubted the US and Britain could defeat the German war machine. Also, she asserted that most of the people in the
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and Japan. In 1928, she married Russian economist Arcadi Berdichevsky who had been working in England for Arcos, the Soviet trade mission. After a visit to the Soviet Union in 1928, the
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Utley and her son and mother moved to the United States in 1939. Believing Arcadi to be dead, she expressed, in the 1940s, her disgust with communism and the Soviet Union in her book
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democracy there can be no real socialism. But I fear the world is progressing towards 'National Socialism' on the Russian-German model. Little difference between them."
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said that the evidence concerning this was only 'lay' evidence and that Russia's action ought, in any case, to be considered 'in relation to the existing situation'."
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In 1939, the rest of her family moved to the United States, where she became a leading anticommunist author and activist. She became an American citizen in 1950.
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to intercede with Moscow on behalf of her Russian husband, but Pollitt refused. She received two postcards from Arcadi reporting his five years' sentence to an
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Other statements like: "There no crime that the Nazis committed that we or our allies did not also commit ourselves" caused controversy. Utley wrote in
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keeps "Freda Utley collection's coverage of sociopolitical conditions in interwar Japan and the Sino-Japanese conflict" in its Japanese collection.
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wanted to be part of Germany instead of Czechoslovakia, as also asserted by Nazi Germany. Once in America, she sympathized with the antiwar
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In 1956, she learned he had died on 30 March 1938. It would not be until 2004 that her son Jon Basil Utley would learn from the
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made her a war correspondent and she spent three months in China in 1938, making two trips to the front line. Her 1939 book
278:, with an introduction by Laski, described Japan as "a police state, governed by a bureaucracy wedded to a plutocracy." The
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184:. During this period she focused on labour and production issues in manufacturing, in her case, the textile industries of
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circles, education, marriage, life in the Soviet Union and travels up until 1945. She never published the second volume.
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compile his lists of highly placed people suspected of communist sympathies. She gave evidence against China expert
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Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee On Government Operations
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160:, after which she returned to her native England to earn a B.A. degree followed by an M.A. degree in history (with
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countries into the waiting arms of the communists. In 1970, Utley published the first volume of her autobiography
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audience calling for a negotiated peace between (Germany) and Britain. She also opposed the demand for Germany's
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of 1956, Utley spent six months in the Middle East and published her last book on international affairs
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which established her as an authority on the subject of international competition in the cotton trades.
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Reagan, In His Own Hand: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America
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Reagan, In His Own Hand: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America
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339:, a scholar, communist and labor advocate, revealed a letter Utley had written to a friend in 1938:
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In 1938, Utley published two books on Japan's military attacks on China at the beginning of the
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Volume 2, Eighty-third Congress, First Session, 1953, (Made Public January 2003), 140, 1051.
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and what she calls the "betrayal" of the workers by the British Trade Union Council and the
200:, China and Japan, where she lived for nine months. In 1931, she published her first book,
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1096:, Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Hull, 1980.
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in both Britain and the US tried to discredit Utley. In the posthumously published book
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magazine called Utley "a seasoned, firsthand observer of China events." Following the
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212:' Institute of World Economy and Politics. During this time she also wrote, from a
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prison labour camp. He was "rehabilitated" posthumously in 1961 under post-Stalin
1475:"Freda Utley, The High cost of Vengeance, Chapter 7 "Our Crimes Against Humanity"
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Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator
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Freedoms' Foundation Freda Utley Collection on Freedom and Mass Communication
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tried for four years to have her deported. Finally, in 1944, Representative
358:, which held that Western policies, especially cutting off armaments to the
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How the son of a British communist became a leading Washington conservative
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Vorkuta to Perm: Russia's Concentration-Camp Museums and My Father's Story
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Ronald Reagan and Annelise Anderson (authors), Martin Anderson (editor),
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Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939–1941
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to try to find Arcadi and even sent a letter directly to Soviet leader
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A Democracy at War: America's Fight At Home and Abroad in World War II
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Knowing her views were rooted in opposition to the Soviet Union, the
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passed a private bill for "the relief of Freda Utley" from the 1940
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sent Freda Utley to China as a correspondent. The trip resulted in
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The Nuremberg court defined "Crimes Against Humanity" as "murder,
1048:"Review: Recent Controversies in the History of British Communism"
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436:, was published in 1951 and was a best seller for several months.
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Right Face: Organizing the American Conservative Movement 1945–65
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Murder Will Out, An open letter to members of the Communist Party
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141:, journalist and businessman. He was introduced to her mother by
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The History of British Trotskyism to 1949, Part One, (1929–1938)
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Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory
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Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory
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victory. She began a crusade to name those who "lost China".
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875:, Washington National Press, Inc., (1970), Chapter 1 and 2.
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posted Utley to (Germany), resulting in Utley's next book,
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During the late 1930s and 1940s, Utley supported the 1938
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English scholar, political activist and author (1898–1978)
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Review of Freda Utley's The High Cost of. Vengeance (PDF)
1489:. New York: The Free Press (Simon & Schuster, Inc.).
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Review of Ygael Gluckstein Stalin's Satellites in Europe
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and banned the book and Utley from Japan. Nevertheless,
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includes a chapter on Utley's ordeals in his 2004 book
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the details of his death by firing squad for leading a
188:, then beginning to face competition from operators in
105:(23 January 1898 – 21 January 1978), commonly known as
1524:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996, 173.
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981:, John Day Company, New York (1940), Chapters 3 and 4.
831:, which is excerpt from Chapter 30 on Freda Utley in
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expulsion of millions of Germans from European nations
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China studies in McCarthy's shadow: a personal memoir
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Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies site
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Son Solves Mystery of Father's Death in Soviet Gulag
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looting perpetrated by Americans as well as Russians
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expulsion from their homes of twelve million Germans
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From 1926 to 1928, she was a research fellow at the
149:'s translator and longtime partner of his daughter,
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564:Utley's criticisms of Allied policies in her book
419:but was according to her own publisher praised by
409:in France and the Soviet Union and criticized the
113:in 1927 as a trade union activist, she joined the
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196:sent Berdichevsky and Freda Utley on missions to
1392:, Rowman & Littlefield, published 2000, 254.
1263:, Regnery Gateway Inc., Lake Bluff, Ill., 1985;
1006:Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies
979:The Dream We Lost: The Soviet Union Then and Now
716:The Dream We Lost: The Soviet Union Then and Now
413:legal processes. Utley's book was excoriated by
1318:Washington Talk: Briefing; Conservatives Gather
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1186:An Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of People
995:"Bertrand Russell and the Webbs: An Interview"
656:" (communist sympathizers) like Asian scholar
1522:Season of High Adventure: Edgar Snow in China
1300:"Milestones, Feb. 6, 1978: Died. Freda Utley"
8:
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450:In it, she warned that America's support of
835:, editor, Hugh Cortazzi, Volume 4, London,
829:Freda Utley, Crusader for Truth and Freedom
731:, Chicago, (1949) (translated to German as
156:Utley was educated at a boarding school in
612:during the first years of the occupation;
137:, and labour struggles before becoming an
31:
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1511:, Volume 47, Number 19, 30 November 2000.
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850:"Freda Utley, Writer on Asia, Dies at 79"
833:Britain and Japan, Biographical Portraits
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777:. Washington National Press, Inc., (1970)
473:magazine published an obituary of Utley.
432:The last of her studies of the Far East,
1688:20th-century British non-fiction writers
1643:Communist Party of Great Britain members
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769:. Henry Regnery Company, Chicago, (1956)
761:. Henry Regnery Company, Chicago, (1951)
462:which recorded her early experiences in
397:. She also accused the United States of
1678:People educated at Prior's Field School
1648:British expatriates in the Soviet Union
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1406:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 91.
1370:Stanford University Japanese Collection
1058:(3). Sage Publications, Inc.: 564–565.
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753:), George Allen & Unwin Ltd, (1948)
614:the use of prisoners as slave labourers
1271:, Volume II, No. 51, 21 December 1949.
1154:, Sutton Publishing Ltd, London, 2004.
741:. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, (1948)
7:
719:. John Day Company, New York (1940)
240:prison for alleged association with
1354:Japan's Emergence As a Modern State
1235:She noted for instance that at the
711:. John Day Company, New York (1938)
687:Published under the pseudonym Y.Z.
640:In the 1950s, Utley helped Senator
1683:20th-century British women writers
705:. Faber & Faber, London (1938)
699:. Faber & Faber, London (1937)
499:American boycott of Japanese goods
14:
1503:, Review of Arthur Herman's book
1453:Holocaust denial: Historical view
1118:Foundation for Economic Education
232:. Utley tried to get CPGB leader
129:Utley's father was involved with
1254:Memoirs of a Dissident Publisher
244:. (She herself had flirted with
115:Communist Party of Great Britain
1633:Alumni of King's College London
1052:Journal of Contemporary History
568:from 1949 included charges of "
1663:Writers about the Soviet Union
1402:Bjerre-Poulsen, Niels (2002).
1167:, Free Press, 6 February 2001.
652:and evidence against alleged "
608:on account of their race; the
524:. In 1941, she reached a mass
96:William Herbert Utley (father)
1:
1603:Odyssey of a liberal; memoirs
1239:(held after the first set of
1188:. Earth: Volunteers worldwide
1046:Newsinger, John (July 2006).
903:Odyssey of a Liberal: Memoirs
873:Odyssey of a Liberal: Memoirs
774:Odyssey of a Liberal: Memoirs
766:Will the Middle East Go West?
604:, the mass expropriation and
448:Will the Middle East Go West?
891:. New York: The John Day Co.
591:, Chicago, 1949, p. 183
1581:Freda Utley's Living Legacy
1237:Subsequent Nuremberg Trials
681:Lancashire and the Far East
618:Russian concentration camps
539:Friends of the Soviet Union
393:after World War II and the
202:Lancashire and the Far East
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1638:American political writers
1485:Lipstadt, Deborah (1993).
1281:The Mistake of the Century
1209:, Guido Baracchi, 1940 on
724:The High Cost of Vengeance
684:. Allen & Unwin (1931)
598:The High Cost of Vengeance
589:The High Cost of Vengeance
566:The High Cost of Vengeance
377:The High Cost of Vengeance
182:London School of Economics
1658:English political writers
1458:27 September 2007 at the
1343:, Issue 103, 5 July 2004.
1178:Marxists Internet Archive
628:, the American historian
600:: "I had referred to our
492:Freda Utley's bestseller
170:UK General Strike of 1926
58:21 January 1978 (aged 79)
30:
1698:American anti-communists
1509:New York Review of Books
1151:Stalin's British Victims
1112:29 February 2008 at the
1064:10.1177/0022009406064670
827:Professor D. A. Farnie,
690:From Moscow To Samarkand
484:and minimal government.
469:Upon her death in 1978,
289:Stalin's British Victims
272:Second Sino-Japanese War
1693:Women political writers
1673:Writers about communism
1341:International Socialism
1259:1 December 2007 at the
924:8 February 2012 at the
703:Japan's Gamble in China
610:starving of the Germans
570:crimes against humanity
532:unconditional surrender
522:America First Committee
364:Chinese Communist Party
276:Japan's Gamble in China
194:Communist International
1501:Un-American Activities
1000:2 October 2011 at the
693:. Hogarth Press (1934)
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556:Victims of the Allied
547:Alien Registration Act
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1538:The National Interest
1032:22 April 2012 at the
885:Utley, Freda (1940).
729:Henry Regnery Company
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341:
303:, later published as
166:King's College London
71:King's College London
1540:, 22 September 1998.
1520:Thomas, S. Bernard,
1388:Justus D. Doenecke,
1326:, 13 September 1988.
1129:William L. O'Neill,
932:, 24 September 2007.
917:Georgie Anne Geyer,
739:Last Chance in China
697:Japan's Feet of Clay
624:." In her 1993 book
602:obliteration bombing
494:Japan's Feet of Clay
460:Odyssey of a Liberal
405:, the Allied use of
379:which criticizes as
360:Chinese Nationalists
356:Last Chance in China
315:In a review, author
218:Japan's Feet of Clay
61:Washington, D.C., US
1668:Writers about China
1375:3 July 2007 at the
1352:E. Herbert Norman,
854:The Washington Post
663:Red Star Over China
503:Stanford University
482:economic liberalism
387:occupation policies
214:Marxist perspective
210:Academy of Sciences
162:first class honours
131:George Bernard Shaw
125:Early life and work
88:Arcadi Berdichevsky
37:Freda Utley in 1943
1653:English communists
1323:The New York Times
1306:. 6 February 1978.
1252:Henry S. Regnery,
733:Kostspielige Rache
562:
558:bombing of Dresden
476:The New York Times
416:The New York Times
253:Russian government
1182:"Barrachi, Guido"
1105:Jon Basil Utley,
1023:About Freda Utley
1021:Jon Basil Utley,
888:The Dream We Lost
751:The Dream We Lost
650:Tydings Committee
444:Suez Canal Crisis
301:The Dream We Lost
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630:Deborah Lipstadt
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510:Munich Agreement
454:would drive the
421:Reinhold Niebuhr
411:Nuremberg Trials
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1432:enslavement
1360:, 1940, 43.
1211:Marxist.Org
518:Sudetenland
242:Trotskyists
158:Switzerland
107:Freda Utley
25:Freda Utley
1617:Categories
782:References
668:Edgar Snow
620:, and the
579:Eisenhower
429:magazine.
426:The Nation
381:war crimes
317:Pearl Buck
246:Trotskyism
186:Lancashire
49:London, UK
1587:web page.
1358:UBC Press
1080:154979764
369:In 1948,
348:In 1945,
335:In 1940,
147:Karl Marx
93:Relatives
1456:Archived
1440:inhumane
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135:Fabians
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616:; the
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384:Allied
267:laws.
168:. The
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