43:
renamed the London
District Post Office in 1844); inland (for domestic mail outside London); and foreign (for overseas mail). Although the foreign letter-carriers had been abolished by 1835, with their duties carried out by the other two services, the (by then renamed) General Post and London District letter-carriers remained separate until 1855, with separate chief inspectors. Before that date, Kelly was inspector of only the inland or general-post letter carriers.
1160:
110:
Even after leaving his position at the post office, Kelly retained the copyright of the directory and continued to use the name "Post Office
Directory"; his company even tried to claim exclusive rights to use "Post Office" in the name of a directory but lost the court case it brought over this issue
102:
Working with family members, including his brother Edward Robert Kelly, and
William Kelly who ran the printing press, Frederic Kelly expanded his directories to include cities and towns other than London, beginning in 1845. Over the rest of nineteenth century, his company bought out or put out of
70:
The first edition had been called "The New Annual
Directory; for the Year 1800", but in 1801 the name had changed to "The Post-office annual directory". Another inspector, Benjamin Critchett, joined in 1803; Sparke and Ferguson dropped from the list of authors in 1806 and Critchett and took over
74:
Critchett died in
September 1836, and when Kelly took over his post, he had to purchase the copyright of the directory from Critchett's widow. The directory was in effect a private enterprise, although produced with the patronage of the Post Office and using labour of government-employed letter
42:
He began working for the Post Office in 1819. In 1835 or 1836 he became a chief inspector of letter carriers. His exact title varied over the years because in the early 19th century there were three separate services with separate corps of letter-carriers: twopenny-post (for mail within London;
54:
When he began his job as inspector of letter-carriers, Kelly took over the production of the Post Office London
Directory. This directory had been started in 1799 by two inspectors of letter-carriers named Sparke and Ferguson, with the approval of the then joint
879:
In 1847, Frederic Kelly was prevented from further use of the letter carriers in gathering information. This cannot have come as a surprise because already in the 1844 edition he notes in the preface that he has begun to employ selected full-time agents.
1141:
1123:
1079:
67:. This date was later the basis for the claim "Kelly's Directories Ltd., established 1799" sometimes printed on the front cover of a Kelly's Directory, although this preceded Mr. Kelly's involvement by several decades.
93:
declared that Kelly could not use government employees in connection with his directory. Kelly then relied on his own employees to collect information for the directory, which he had already begun hiring in 1844.
431:… A third inspector, called B. Critchett, joined the enterprise in 1803 and later it was carried on by Critchett alone, then by Critchett and Woods, and then again by Critchett alone until his death in 1835.
365:
For instance, in 1850 Kelly was inspector of letter carriers for the "Inland, Foreign, and Ship Letter Office" while a "W. Saltwell" was inspector of letter carriers for the London
District Post: see
82:, and accused of using his office for his private benefit and for requiring letter-carriers to assist in gathering information for the directory. Duncombe also presented a petition from
1252:
19:(died 3 June 1883) was a high official in the British Post Office. He was also the founder of Kelly & Co. (later Kelly's Directories Ltd.), which published the
275:
911:
The first directories of counties outside London were published by Kelly in 1845; and during the next sixteen years the series was extended throughout
England.
299:
House of
Commons Parliamentary Papers: The Ninth Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Management of the Post-office Department, 1837, p.77
64:
27:" that listed all businesses, tradespeople, local gentry, landowners, charities, and other facilities located in a particular village, city or town.
71:
publication (in co-authorship with
William Woods between 1810 and about 1827); the name changed to "Post Office London Directory" in the mid-1810s.
56:
107:(1875). Well after Frederic Kelly's death, the company name Kelly and Co. was replaced by the new company Kelly's Directories Limited in 1897.
481:
904:
75:
carriers as gatherers of data and as a sales force, something that Critchett's private-sector competitors had petitioned against in vain.
205:, on 21 May 1867; his second daughter Fanny married Frederick William Headland on 10 August 1865. There was also a daughter named Rosa.
83:
90:
60:
1267:
1257:
561:
326:
163:. His brother Edward Robert Kelly is recorded as being born in 1817 and the 4th son of Colonel Festus Kelly of Middlesex.
810:
House of Commons Papers Public Petitions.—Appendix to the Twelfth Report. Containing Petitions Presented 9–10 March 1846.
428:
The Post Office London Directory was started by two inspectors of the Inland letter-carriers called Ferguson and Sparkes
1165:
87:
166:
He resided at Chessington Lodge and at 32, Bedford Square, London; at his death his residence was given as Oakhurst,
138:, fifth (1862) through eighth (1872) editions, but not the ninth (1875) and subsequent editions. However, in the
724:
641:
532:
Sept. 18. Aged 61, Benjamin Critchett, esq. Inspector of the Letter Carriers' Office at the Post Office, London.
79:
46:
Kelly lost his government post in 1860 when the office of Inspector-General of Letter Carriers was abolished.
684:
601:
449:
103:
business several rival publishers of directories. The company branched into other publications, such as the
827:
310:
764:
497:
385:"1861–2 Estimates, Revenue Departments, Effective and Non-Effective, for the Year Ending 31 March 1862."
160:
1044:
incorrectly says 69th, but there are two references to a Festus Kelly in the 96th Regiment of Foot in:
1262:
312:
Her Majesty's mails: a history of the post-office, and an industrial account of its present condition
20:
969:
Forty years passed in the daily routine of a public office afford but few facts for the biographer…
195:
261:
1064:
1051:
928:
778:
738:
698:
655:
615:
575:
463:
384:
340:
1216:
1194:
1101:
962:
943:
900:
870:
831:
805:
519:
227:
367:
1228:
923:
862:
545:
419:
411:
191:
187:
790:
750:
710:
667:
627:
587:
475:
352:
1059:
1046:
562:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1845/jun/27/abuses-in-the-post-office
255:
327:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1855/mar/01/letter-carriers-question
198:, who inherited his share and interests in the copyright of the Post Office Directory.
167:
144:
78:
In 1845–1847, Kelly was sharply criticised by some members of Parliament, particularly
1232:
853:
Atkins, Peter J. (May 1989). "The Compilation and Reliability of London Directories".
1246:
202:
152:
895:
Pendred, John (1955). "Appendix H: General Directories". In Pollard, Graham (ed.).
423:
415:
183:
24:
1170:
1097:
130:
A dearth of biographical information was noted by a contemporary biographer of
1159:
725:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1847/jul/20/the-post-office
642:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1846/aug/22/the-post-office
182:, Surrey (1838–1918), whose children (his grandchildren) included the painter
179:
175:
874:
866:
685:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1847/mar/22/post-office
602:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1846/may/15/post-office
450:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1846/apr/21/post-office
967:(fifth ed.). London: Routledge, Warne & Routledge. p. 441.
830:; Wales, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and (1880).
769:
729:
689:
646:
606:
566:
454:
331:
156:
765:
https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1846/mar/09/minutes
1000:
171:
201:
His elder daughter Harriet married the Rev. Hector Norton, vicar of
122:, accusing a competitor of pirating his compilation of information.
34:. He should not be confused with his identically-named eldest son.
402:
Norton, Jane Elizabeth (1966). "The Post Office London Directory".
30:
In many sources, both contemporary and modern, his name is spelled
1183:(second ed.). London: Hazell, Watson, and Viney. p. 253.
276:"Post Office: Inland mails organisation and circulation: Records"
151:
He was the son of Festus Kelly (c. 1759 – 7 October 1831) from
260:(eighth ed.). London: George Routledge and Sons. p.
1169:
404:
The Library (The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society)
178:. His elder son was the Rev. Frederic Festus Kelly, vicar of
1176:
484:
incorrectly refers to Benjamin Critchett as "Mr. Pritchard".
983:
Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
981:
Kelly, E. Festus (1934–35). "Notes on the O'Kelly Family".
140:
Journal of the Galway Archeological and Historical Society
826:
Chancery Division, Great Britain. High Court of Justice;
142:, E. Festus Kelly traces the family back to the original
650:. House of Commons. 22 August 1846. col. 955–961.
570:. House of Commons. 27 June 1845. col. 1318–1328.
335:. House of Commons. 1 March 1855. col. 2089–2090.
693:. House of Commons. 22 March 1847. col. 265–269.
458:. House of Commons. 21 April 1846. col. 807–839.
315:. London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston. p. 234.
804:
House of Commons, Great Britain. Parliament (1846).
773:. House of Commons. 9 March 1846. col. 778–779.
733:. House of Commons. 20 July 1847. col. 593–597.
383:
House of Commons, Great Britain. Parliament (1861).
1031:. Vol. 2 (107th ed.). 2003. p. 2994.
610:. House of Commons. 15 May 1846. col. 615–616.
174:. He married Harriet, daughter of John Richards of
105:
Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes
194:. His second son was the barrister and politician
821:
819:
1253:Political office-holders in the United Kingdom
118:Kelly was also the plaintiff in the 1866 case
679:
677:
444:
442:
86:complaining of abuses by Kelly. In 1847, the
8:
899:(reprint of 1785 ed.). pp. 83–84.
806:"App. 293 Mr. Thomas Duncombe Sig. 1. 4364"
372:. Dublin: Alexander Thom. 1850. p. 18.
492:
490:
1175:
1023:
1021:
897:The Earliest Directory of the Book Trade
222:
220:
218:
249:
247:
245:
214:
786:
776:
746:
736:
706:
696:
663:
653:
623:
613:
583:
573:
471:
461:
348:
338:
498:"The Book Market. A Catalogue of Men"
7:
1124:"Kelly, Frederic Festus (KLY855FF)"
232:The Printing Times and Lithographer
950:. 14, N.S.: 222–224 14 April 1866.
836:The Law Reports, Chancery Division
389:House of Commons papers, Volume 39
14:
1142:"Kelly, Gerald Festus (KLY897GF)"
1080:"Kelly, Edward Robert (KLY834ER)"
520:"Deaths. London and its vicinity"
228:"(Notice of probate of his will)"
1217:"Births, Marriages & Deaths"
1158:
547:Kent's original London Directory
508:. London: 25–26. 7 January 1899.
770:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
730:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
690:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
647:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
607:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
567:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
455:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
332:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1055:. 1 September 1781. p. 1.
861:(1). Maney Publishing: 17–28.
134:. Frederic Kelly is listed in
1:
1233:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)63956-9
1227:(2190): 221. 19 August 1865.
1106:Dod's Parliamentary Companion
1100:; Dod, Robert Phipps (1892).
932:. 23 July 1897. p. 4149.
254:Thompson Cooper, ed. (1872).
1171:"Kelly, John Richards"
961:Edward Walford, ed. (1862).
416:10.1093/library/s5-XXI.4.293
159:, formerly a captain in the
38:Inspector of Letter Carriers
1146:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1128:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1084:A Cambridge Alumni Database
544:Henry Kent Causton (1823).
369:Thom's Directory of Ireland
88:Chancellor of the Exchequer
23:, a sort of Victorian-era "
1284:
1148:. University of Cambridge.
1130:. University of Cambridge.
1086:. University of Cambridge.
280:The National Archives (UK)
1068:. 31 May 1783. p. 1.
1199:The Gentleman's Magazine
1001:"Festus Kelly of London"
989:(iii & iv): 140–143.
867:10.1179/ldn.1989.14.1.17
524:The Gentleman's Magazine
309:Lewins, William (1865).
885:(subscription required)
828:Hemming, George Wirgman
436:(subscription required)
424:2027/hvd.32044098323918
184:Sir Gerald Festus Kelly
1268:British civil servants
1258:British businesspeople
1102:"Kelly, John Richards"
1005:Ua Ceallaigh of Eirinn
530:: 555. November 1836.
238:: 221. 15 August 1883.
948:The Law Times Reports
161:96th Regiment of Foot
50:Post Office Directory
17:Frederic Festus Kelly
196:John Richards Kelly
57:Postmasters General
1098:Dod, Charles Roger
1065:The London Gazette
1052:The London Gazette
929:The London Gazette
855:The London Journal
787:|chapter-url=
747:|chapter-url=
707:|chapter-url=
664:|chapter-url=
624:|chapter-url=
584:|chapter-url=
550:. pp. ix–xiv.
472:|chapter-url=
349:|chapter-url=
1205:: 813. June 1867.
944:"Kelly v. Morris"
906:978-0-19-721759-7
21:Kelly's Directory
1275:
1237:
1236:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1094:
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1087:
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1056:
1039:
1033:
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1025:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
997:
991:
990:
978:
972:
971:
958:
952:
951:
940:
934:
933:
920:
914:
913:
892:
886:
884:
850:
844:
843:
832:"Kelly v. Byles"
823:
814:
813:
801:
795:
794:
788:
784:
782:
774:
761:
755:
754:
748:
744:
742:
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708:
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291:
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251:
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224:
192:Aleister Crowley
188:Rose Edith Kelly
1283:
1282:
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1276:
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1242:
1241:
1240:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1058:
1045:
1042:Men of the Time
1040:
1036:
1029:Burke's Peerage
1027:
1026:
1019:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
994:
980:
979:
975:
964:Men of the Time
960:
959:
955:
942:
941:
937:
922:
921:
917:
907:
894:
893:
889:
852:
851:
847:
825:
824:
817:
803:
802:
798:
789:missing title (
785:
775:
763:
762:
758:
749:missing title (
745:
735:
723:
722:
718:
709:missing title (
705:
695:
683:
682:
675:
666:missing title (
662:
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640:
639:
635:
626:missing title (
622:
612:
600:
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595:
586:missing title (
582:
572:
560:
559:
555:
543:
542:
538:
518:
517:
513:
496:
495:
488:
482:Edward Cardwell
474:missing title (
470:
460:
448:
447:
440:
401:
400:
396:
382:
381:
377:
366:
364:
360:
351:missing title (
347:
337:
325:
324:
320:
308:
307:
303:
298:
294:
284:
282:
274:
273:
269:
257:Men of the Time
253:
252:
243:
226:
225:
216:
211:
155:in the west of
136:Men of the Time
132:Men of the Time
128:
120:Kelly v. Morris
115:, in 1879–80).
100:
84:Jonathan Duncan
80:Thomas Duncombe
52:
40:
12:
11:
5:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1208:
1186:
1178:Men-at-the-Bar
1166:Foster, Joseph
1151:
1133:
1115:
1089:
1071:
1034:
1017:
992:
973:
953:
935:
915:
905:
887:
845:
815:
796:
756:
716:
673:
633:
593:
553:
536:
511:
486:
438:
410:(4): 293–299.
406:. 5th series.
394:
375:
358:
318:
301:
292:
267:
241:
213:
212:
210:
207:
190:, who married
168:Castlebar Hill
127:
124:
113:Kelly v. Byles
99:
96:
51:
48:
39:
36:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1280:
1269:
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1259:
1256:
1254:
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1248:
1234:
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1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1172:
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1155:
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1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1119:
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1111:
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1103:
1099:
1093:
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1085:
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1075:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
988:
984:
977:
974:
970:
966:
965:
957:
954:
949:
945:
939:
936:
931:
930:
925:
919:
916:
912:
908:
902:
898:
891:
888:
883:
882:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
800:
797:
792:
780:
772:
771:
766:
760:
757:
752:
740:
732:
731:
726:
720:
717:
712:
700:
692:
691:
686:
680:
678:
674:
669:
657:
649:
648:
643:
637:
634:
629:
617:
609:
608:
603:
597:
594:
589:
577:
569:
568:
563:
557:
554:
549:
548:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
512:
507:
503:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
477:
465:
457:
456:
451:
445:
443:
439:
434:
433:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
398:
395:
391:. p. 31.
390:
386:
379:
376:
371:
370:
362:
359:
354:
342:
334:
333:
328:
322:
319:
314:
313:
305:
302:
296:
293:
281:
277:
271:
268:
263:
259:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
223:
221:
219:
215:
208:
206:
204:
203:Great Bentley
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
153:County Galway
149:
147:
146:
141:
137:
133:
125:
123:
121:
116:
114:
108:
106:
97:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
49:
47:
44:
37:
35:
33:
28:
26:
22:
18:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1177:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1063:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
986:
982:
976:
968:
963:
956:
947:
938:
927:
918:
910:
896:
890:
881:
878:
858:
854:
848:
839:
835:
809:
799:
768:
759:
728:
719:
688:
645:
636:
605:
596:
565:
556:
546:
539:
531:
527:
523:
514:
505:
501:
453:
432:
429:
427:
407:
403:
397:
388:
378:
368:
361:
330:
321:
311:
304:
295:
283:. Retrieved
279:
270:
256:
235:
231:
200:
165:
150:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:
119:
117:
112:
109:
104:
101:
91:Charles Wood
77:
73:
69:
53:
45:
41:
31:
29:
25:Yellow Pages
16:
15:
1263:1883 deaths
1195:"Marriages"
1060:"No. 12444"
1047:"No. 12221"
924:"No. 26876"
502:The Academy
148:(O'Kelly).
145:Ó Ceallaigh
1247:Categories
1221:The Lancet
842:: 682–693.
812:: 134–136.
209:References
180:Camberwell
176:Maida Vale
875:0305-8034
779:cite book
739:cite book
699:cite book
656:cite book
616:cite book
576:cite book
464:cite book
341:cite book
98:Expansion
32:Frederick
1168:(1885).
480:Note MP
285:29 March
61:Auckland
59:, Lords
1010:31 July
157:Ireland
1180:
1163:
1112:: 282.
903:
873:
172:Ealing
126:Family
65:Gower
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