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194:. Then, following brief stints as a reporter and editor with other newspapers in Virginia and West Virginia, he sailed to London in 1904. There he obtained jobs with news outlets before moving to Paris, where he continued his career in journalism and where by 1909 he was described by some citizens in the French capital as "A 'Back-to-Nature' Tramp". Finally, after years of working for an array of newspapers, Burlingham in 1912 turned away from traditional print media and decided to study cinematography, to use the motion-picture camera to record his travels and to share his experiences with audiences in a far more visual, dynamic way.
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the war's effects. After the United States entered the war in April 1917, Burlingham returned to New York City by July 1918 with his personal film library of over 30,000 feet of master negatives from his
European travels. In Manhattan he resumed his work as a producer of "educational" films, and he also registered there in September for American military service. The war in Europe ended just two months later, so the 41-year-old Burlingham was never inducted to serve.
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255:, the British and Colonial Company between the latter half of 1913 and August 1914 distributed to English cinemas 21 much shorter travelogues shot by him. Most of those short subjects, which averaged only about seven minutes in running time, consisted of tourist-style depictions of the countryside and resorts in southern France, Switzerland, and in the lake district of northern Italy.
1019:"United States Passport Applications", certificate no 9000-9249 for LĂ©ontine R. Burlingham, submitted to American Consulate in Lausanne, Switzerland, February 5, 1918. U.S. Department of States, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, D.C.; digital image of original application, archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
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At the time
British and Colonial hired him, Burlingham already had experience as a mountaineer. He had traveled to the Alps and was familiar with members of the French and Swiss mountain-climbing communities, which included his future wife LĂ©ontine, whom he met in Paris and married in London in 1912.
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to continue the production of his films. The widening armed conflict, however, continued to restrict and disrupt
European travel outside the neutral territory of Switzerland, so he launched return-expeditions to the Matterhorn, Mont Blanc, the Jungfrau, and to other Alpine locations far removed from
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During his years living and traveling in Europe, Burlingham met many fellow Alpine climbers and hiking enthusiasts, including "a wealthy French widow", Madame LĂ©ontine
Richard of Paris, whom he married in London in 1912. When Burlingham died in New York City in June 1924 at "his home" at 13 Vandam
829:
The average length of
Burlingham's known films in this period is 438 running feet. Films in the silent era were projected at a "standard" speed of 16 frames per second, much slower than the 24 frames in the sound era. Silent film reels of 1000 feet had an average running time slightly less than 15
448:. Recognized as "the first documentary filming of an ascent of an Alpine peak", its original negative reel was lost in a shipwreck in the Atlantic. Examples of Burlington's work in still photography survive as well as illustrations in period trade journals, papers, and books. His noted 1914 volume
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Unfortunately, Burlingham's footage of his 1913 ascents of the
Matterhorn and Mont Blanc were lost early on in his employment with British and Colonial. In October that year a fire at the company's Endell Street processing plant in London destroyed the original negatives before any copies of those
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Born in
Baltimore, Maryland in 1877, Frederick was the second of four children of William and Lillian (née Brooks) Burlingham. The federal census of 1880 documents that the Burlinghams were still living that year in Baltimore, where Frederick's father worked as a mechanic or, as identified in that
872:"New York, New York City Municipal Deaths, 1795-1949"; "Ohio Deaths and Burials, 1854-1997", including records of George A. Wiltsee, "Undertaker and Embalmer, No. 24 W. Ninth St.", Cincinnati, Ohio; archives, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah.
386:, where his younger brother Prentice lived and is the city identified by Frederick on his passport applications as his "permanent residence" in the United States. Burlingham's gravesite is adjacent to those of his parents and siblings in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.
1166:"United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925", Frederick Harrison Burlingham, May 5, 1915, certificate 549, United States Embassy, London, England, U.K.; NARA, Washington, D.C.; digital image of application, archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
1056:"United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918", digital image of original United States document with handwritten entries by Frederick H. Burlingham, September 8, 1918, New York, N.Y.; archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
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While some sources cite June 8, 1924 as the date of
Burlingham's death, the official death records of New York City and the records of the Cincinnati "undertaker" who administered the burial of his body in Ohio document Monday, June 9, 1924 as his death
382:, he and LĂ©ontine were still married, although newspapers reported she was in Geneva, Switzerland. The cause of Frederick's death was attributed to a heart attack linked to complications from a severe kidney infection. His body was transferred to
904:"Tenth Census of the United States: 1880", Baltimore City, Maryland, June 9, 1880. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.; online digital image of original enumeration page, FamilySearch, archives, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
409:
We're going to miss Fred
Burlingham...One of the unusual figures of the business. With his long beard and soft manner. Who loved to go to out of the way places for shots. Burlingham was formerly a newspaper man. At one time he worked for
363:. Burlingham during the last three years of his life continued to produce and release more travelogues from his large film collection, presented lectures about his expeditions, worked on a book about Borneo, and wrote articles for
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Images of LĂ©ontine
Burlingham's original passport applications and their amendments survive from the period and document that she accompanied Frederick on his 1919-1920 journey to Southeast Asia for the purposes of "taking motion
418:. That is he once did—until Bennett noticed that Burlingham was going about Paris wearing sandals. That was too much for the aristocratic Bennett. He fired Burlingham on the spot. Because "Burly" wouldn't buy regulation shoes.
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Burlingham left Paris near the end of 1912 and returned to London, where he was soon hired by the British and Colonial Kinematograph Company. In 1913 the company assigned him to travel to Switzerland to film ski-jumping,
308:. He also traveled to new destinations to shoot footage for fresh releases. From late 1919 through 1920, he ventured to Southeast Asia to explore and film the landscapes and native peoples of that region, including the
263:. In addition to being a basic guide on mountaineering, the book also features a chapter that introduces readers to the "galaxy" of women climbers in the sport and to their accomplishments in that period.
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By the late 1890s, Burlingham began to focus on a career in journalism, which afforded him opportunities to write and, more importantly, to travel. He relocated to New York City, where he worked for the
807:, report that he was a native of Virginia; however, federal census records and all of his passport-application documents (1909-1921) confirm that Baltimore, Maryland was his place of birth.
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in 1920, and his excursions to various sites in the United States and Canada in the early 1920s. He was also an accomplished still photographer and book author, publishing in 1914
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On his September 8, 1918 United States military registration submitted in New York City, Burlingham identifies his workplace's location in Manhattan as 172 West 72nd Street.
219:. Equipped with a bulky hand-cranked movie camera, a half-plate still camera, and a set of tripods, he also recorded his trek at higher elevations through deep snow at the
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indicates that Burlingham originally departed for Europe in 1904, announcing in its July 20, 1918 issue that he "has returned to America after fourteen years' absence".
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137:. His most notable works are his films depicting Alpine landscapes and his mountain-climbing expeditions in Europe between 1913 and 1918, his explorations of
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record, a "Pump maker". Frederick's first jobs were as a grocery boy and a bookkeeper, and his musical talent as a pianist earned him a scholarship to
432:. An undocumented source also contends that another one of his films is held in the "Norwegian Archives", but online searches of the holdings of the
202:
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and broader searches through the European Union's "Film Gateway" reveal none of Burlingham's films. A nearly complete copy of his 1913 release
239:. There he filmed on December 21, 1913, a deep descent into the volcano's interior. Burlingham and his three Italian assistants were nearly
966:: Mr. F. H. Burlingham, the American With a Partiality for Sandals and For Knapsacks, Tells a Humorous Story of His Adventures in Paris",
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films were printed. Nearly all of Burlingham's other travelogues are believed to be lost. Two of his films, however, are preserved in the
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fumes as they used ropes to lower themselves down over 1200 feet "to the bottom of the cone". In addition to releasing Burlingham's films
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Historical Newspapers (Ann Arbor, Michigan), subscription access through the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library.
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After World War I and until his death, Burlingham continued to re-edit and release in the United States his past films like
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also shared an anecdote about how his relaxed, unconventional personality once cost him a newspaper job in Paris in 1912:
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Turvey, Gerry (2007). "Frederick Burlingham: Exploration, Mountaineering and The Origins Of Swiss Documentary Cinema",
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on June 15, 1924, issued a distinctly personal tribute regarding the loss of their 47-year-old colleague "Burly". The
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145:, which is illustrated with his photographs. Burlingham initially produced films while working in London for the
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149:, but he later developed his films independently and released them under contract with licensed distributors.
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316:. Burlingham was back in the United States by 1921. Later that year he began releasing bi-monthly through
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235:. He continued from those sites to southern Italy, capturing additional scenic footage as he traveled to
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video-streaming service. This film, the only known print copy, was found in 1953 in a cabinet in
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culture of Borneo and areas in that island's interior "never explored before" or documented by
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Corrected title of 1921 Burlingham release presented in New York theater in October 1922.
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Burlingham's death was widely announced in leading American film-industry publications.
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393:"Burly" in his favorite attire, including sandals, a walking stick, and backpack, 1915
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1217:(San Bruno, California), originally posted September 16, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
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He shared memories of some of his climbs in a volume he published in London in 1914,
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1107:(New York, N.Y.), August 27, 1921, p. 1018. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
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989:(New York, N.Y.), January 24, 1914, p. 8. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
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British Film Catalogue: Two Volume Set - The Fiction Film/The Non-Fiction Film
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324:"Burlingham Adventures" produced from his most recent travels, beginning with
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125:(January 18, 1877 – June 9, 1924) was an American journalist, explorer,
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Burlingham's wife LĂ©ontine and their guide during ascent of Mont Blanc, 1913
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892:, volume 27, issue 2, 2007 (published online June 6, 2007), pp. 167-191.
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1153:"Frederick Burlingham: Well-Known Journalist and Explorer Dies at 47",
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1234:, October 21, 1922, p. 2044. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
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minutes, so a 438-foot film would run just shy of seven minutes. See
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1075:, August 27, 1921, p. 1091. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
1124:, April 30, 1921, p. 957. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
953:, July 20, 1918, p. 438. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
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is preserved in Switzerland and is available for viewing on the
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1182:(New York, N.Y.), June 15, 1924, p. 4. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
1085:"Frederick Burlingham Is Now Exploring the Wilds of Borneo"
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by Bruce F. Kawin (New York: Macmillan, 1987), pp. 46-47.
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Some sources, including Burlingham's 1924 obituaries in
1035:, pp. 52, 92. Internet Archive. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
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Film frame of Burlingham with natives of Borneo, 1920
97:
Explorer, journalist, cinematographer, film producer
934:, San Francisco, California. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
488:"Burlingham Adventures" distributed by Truart, 1921
215:, sleighing, and other Alpine winter sports around
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275:entering its second year, Burlingham relocated to
1091:, May 22, 1921, p. 1048. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
890:Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television
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570:La Suisse Inconnue: La Vallée de Loetschenthal
744:From Montreux to Rochers De Naye via Territet
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464:The "American camera explorer" featured in
267:Switzerland and return to the United States
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720:Alpine Adventures; A Jaunt on the Jungfrau
147:British and Colonial Kinematograph Company
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924:"Taking Pictures in Extraordinary Places"
369:and other science and film publications.
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662:A Funicular Ride to Murottas and Muraigl
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284:Expedition to Borneo and final years
1373:Mountaineering in the United States
1348:American documentary film producers
947:"Noted Explorer Here with Pictures"
714:Descent into the Crater of Vesuvius
306:Descent into the Crater of Vesuvius
253:Descent into the Crater of Vesuvius
1324:, available for viewing on YouTube
1133:"Frederick Burlingham", obituary,
694:(1914), documenting the Prince of
656:Through Switzerland in Ten Minutes
116:LĂ©ontine Claudine Richard (m.1912)
14:
1211:"Ascent of the Matterhorn (1913)"
1141:, June 12, 1924, p. 15. ProQuest.
1033:. London: T. Werner Laurie, [1914
1007:, June 13, 1914, p. 16. ProQuest.
564:Arctic Exploration in Switzerland
1247:Gifford, Denis (April 1, 2016).
494:Up and Down the Swanee [
452:features 63 of his photographs.
536:Monkey Land Up the Barito River
423:Surviving films and photographs
320:installments of a series of 26
16:American explorer and filmmaker
984:"Down Into Crater of Vesuvius"
430:British National Film Archives
1:
756:The Grand St. Bernard Hospice
708:A Trip Round Sunny Marseilles
674:The Bernina Railway in Winter
123:Frederick Harrison Burlingham
50:Frederick Harrison Burlingham
1320:The Ascent of the Matterhorn
1069:"Travel Pictures for Truart"
962:"The Man Who Was Accused By
738:The Ascent of the Matterhorn
298:The Ascent of the Matterhorn
249:The Ascent of the Matterhorn
223:, as well as ascents of the
750:Winter Sports at St. Moritz
129:, and producer of numerous
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1228:"In the Buffalo Exchanges"
1157:, June 11, 1924. ProQuest.
970:, November 7, 1909, p. 3.
762:Europe's Winter Playground
650:Scenes on Lake Como, Italy
620:Bath, A Famous British Spa
600:French Prisoners in Leysin
506:The Lure of the South Seas
330:The Lure of the South Seas
1343:American cinematographers
1338:Journalists from Maryland
1263:– via Google Books.
1198:. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
1045:How to Become an Alpinist
1031:How To Become An Alpinist
1003:"Services For Explorer",
726:Winter Sports at Suvretta
450:How to Become an Alpinist
261:How to Become An Alpinist
153:Early life and journalism
143:How to Become an Alpinist
30:
1318:Rediscovered footage of
732:A Trip to the Gornergrat
626:The Ascent of Mont Blanc
438:Ascent of the Matterhorn
434:Norwegian Film Institute
355:that runs from southern
1101:"Burlingham Adventures"
1028:Burlingham, Frederick,
1005:The Cincinnati Enquirer
928:Motion Picture Magazine
816:The cited news item in
804:The Cincinnati Enquirer
680:Ostrich Farming at Nice
518:Jungle Belles of Borneo
373:Personal life and death
366:The National Geographic
318:Truart Film Corporation
1275:"Frederick Burlingham"
1176:"Rewards / Burlingham"
1116:Tidden, Fritz (1921).
542:The Wild Men of Borneo
512:The Island of Surprise
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334:The Island of Surprise
326:The Wild Men of Borneo
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1192:European Film Gateway
930:, March 1915, p. 89.
632:Climbing the Jungfrau
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466:Picture-Play Magazine
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277:Montreux, Switzerland
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179:Commercial Advertiser
1309:Frederick Burlingham
1300:Frederick Burlingham
1122:Moving Picture World
1089:Moving Picture World
702:In the Land of Roses
576:The Jungfrau Railway
478:Moving Picture World
456:Selected filmography
446:Zermatt, Switzerland
412:James Gordon Bennett
25:Frederick Burlingham
1232:Motion Picture News
1105:Motion Picture News
1073:Motion Picture News
951:Motion Picture News
818:Motion Picture News
594:Swiss Army Sketches
588:A Famous Swiss Pass
548:An Italian Paradise
342:Monkey Land Up the
83:Manhattan, New York
64:Baltimore, Maryland
38:Motion Picture News
1353:British filmmakers
1285:on April 12, 2019.
1155:The New York Times
1118:"Keeping In Touch"
968:The New York Times
798:The New York Times
686:Springtime in Nice
558:Chamonix in Summer
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668:Picturesque Berne
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77:(1924-06-09)
75:June 9, 1924
37:
18:
1363:1924 deaths
1358:1877 births
550:, visit to
500:] River
403:trade paper
273:World War I
241:asphyxiated
198:Film career
131:travelogues
108:c.1898-1924
1332:Categories
853:pictures".
769:References
378:Street in
314:Westerners
302:Mont Blanc
231:, and the
229:Mont Blanc
225:Matterhorn
217:St. Moritz
135:silent era
91:Occupation
56:1877-01-18
987:Reel Life
698:'s Museum
552:Lake Como
380:Manhattan
245:sulphuric
972:ProQuest
351:and the
322:one-reel
233:Jungfrau
185:American
1215:YouTube
860:Sources
442:YouTube
414:of the
361:Florida
357:Georgia
213:curling
133:in the
113:Spouses
1322:(1913)
1257:
764:(1913)
758:(1913)
752:(1913)
746:(1913)
740:(1913)
734:(1913)
728:(1913)
722:(1913)
716:(1914)
710:(1914)
704:(1914)
696:Monaco
688:(1914)
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508:(1921)
502:(1921)
480:, 1919
468:, 1918
340:, and
304:, and
188:, and
182:, the
139:Borneo
40:, 1921
786:date.
774:Notes
359:into
310:Dayak
1313:IMDb
1255:ISBN
801:and
251:and
72:Died
46:Born
1311:at
1302:at
1120:,
497:sic
243:by
1334::
1277:.
1239:^
1230:,
1213:,
1203:^
1178:,
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877:^
336:,
332:,
328:,
300:,
227:,
176:,
1137:/
58:)
54:(
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