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Frederick Burnaby

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332:, intending a crossing into Afghanistan from Merv. Extreme winter blizzards brought frostbite, treated with "naphtha", a Cossack emetic. Close to death, Burnaby took three weeks to recover. Having received conflicted accounts of the dubious privilege of Russian hospitality it was a welcome release, he later told his book, to be cheered with vodka. It was another 400 miles south to Khiva, when he was requested to divert to Petro Alexandrovsk, a Russian fortress garrison. Lurid tales of wild tribesmen awaiting his desert travails ready to "gouge out his eyes" were intended to discourage. He ignored the escort, believing the tribes more friendly than the Russians. Intending to go via 425:, with the object of observing the Russian frontier, an account of which he afterwards published. He was warned the Russian garrison had issued an arrest warrant; turning back at the frontier he took ship on the Black Sea via the Bosphorus and the Mediterranean. In April 1877 Russia declared war on Turkey. The inexorable conclusion was drawn in Calcutta and London that Russia would not avoid, but wanted war; planning more attacks still. Eager for Russian rule, Colonel N L Grodekov had built a road from Tashkent to Herat via Samarkand, anticipating a war of conquest. Burnaby's warnings that the bellicose Russians posed a serious threat to India were confirmed later by 762: 175: 350:, Burnaby bribed the servant with 100 Roubles a day to avoid the fortress where he would be bound to be delayed. A local mullah wrote an introduction note to the Khan, and clad in furs they traversed the freezing desert. On the banks of River, 60 miles from the capital, he was met by the Khan's nobleman, who guided the escort into the city. Burnaby's book outlined in some detail the events of the following days, the successful outcome of the meetings, and the decision he took to evade the Russian army. The Khanate was already at war, his possessions seized; the Russians intended a march from Tashkent to seize 374: 358:. But on return to his quarters he received a note of orders from Horse Guards to return via Russia. Frustrated Burnaby learnt of the overwhelming numerical superiority the Tsarists presented. To his great surprise he was received as a brother officer at Petro Alexandrovsk. Colonel Ivanov was smug and proud declared the fate of Merv "must be decided by the sword." Released by the Khan's Treasurer he travelled for nine days with Cossacks across the snowy plains of Kazala. Hard-bitten and hungry he sat on a small pony for 900 miles. 33: 241:. Legend has it he could carry two boys under both arms up the stairs of school house. Burnaby was a huge man for his times: 6 ft 4in tall and 20 stone when fully grown. His outsize personality and strength became the literary legend of imperial might. Lionised by the press for his outlandish expeditious adventures across Central Asia, Burnaby at 6 ft 4 ins tall with broad shoulders was a giant amongst men, symbolic of a Victorian celebrity, feted in London society. 102: 82: 1202: 393:, whose praise marvelled at Burnaby's feats of derring-do and impressive physique. Burnaby's fame grew celebrated in London society, in newspaper and magazines. His guest appearances flattered to deceive, when he learnt that he had travelled with the ringleaders of the Cossack Revolt. The rising of the 523:
courageous man of charm and supreme self-sacrifice, who was admired and respected in equal measure. Lord Binning recalled "that in our little force his death caused a feeling akin to consternation. In my own detachment many of the men sat down and cried". Private Steele who went to help him won the
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intelligence officer. Burnaby's adventurous spirit, pioneering achievements, and swashbuckling courage earned an affection in the minds of Victorian imperial idealists. As well as travelling across Europe and Central Asia, he mastered ballooning, spoke a number of foreign languages fluently, stood
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on 30 November 1875. The Russians announced they would protect the soldier along the route, but to all intents and purposes this proved impossible. The accomplishment of this task, in the winter of 1875–1876, with the aim of reciprocity for India and the Tsarist State, was described in his book
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rushed out to give him some water, twice. On the last occasion he came across a private crying, holding the dying man's head. He had been struck again by a Mahdist spear through the neck and throat. The young soldier was tearful because Burnaby was revered as one of the great Victorian heroes. A
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says that the square did not break, but men were ordered to pull aside temporarily to let the Gardner gun and then the Heavy Camel Corps get out and attack the enemy. Some Dervishes got inside before the gap closed, but the back ranks of the square faced-about and made an end of the
558:, had no official capacity in the battle) that the Dervishes managed to get inside the square. Yet the song "Colonel Burnaby" was written in his honour and his portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London. There are two contradictory accounts: 321:. In receipt of orders prohibiting progress into Persia from Russian-held territory, he was warned not to advance. A fluent Russian speaker, he was not coerced; arriving at a Russian garrison, the officers entertaining the former 248:
in 1859. Finding no chance for active service, his spirit of adventure sought outlets in balloon ascents and in travels through Spain and Russia with his firm friend, George Radford. In the summer of 1874 he accompanied the
518:. As a gap in the lines opened up the Colonel rushed out to rescue a colleague and was wounded outside the square. Corporal Mackintosh went to his rescue driving his bayonet into the assailant. Lieutenant-Colonel 527:. There are two memorials erected to his memory in Holy Trinity Garrison and Parish Church in Windsor, the first by the officers and men of the Royal Horse Guards and the second, a privately funded memorial from 1058: 308:
was inaccessible, but presented a potential military flashpoint. The Russians knew that British Intelligence gathered information along the frontier. Similar expeditions had taken place under Captain
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for parliament twice, published several books, and was admired and feted by the women of London high society. His popularity was legendary, appearing in a number of stories and tales of empire.
806:'s North Shore in Ontario, Canada, "suggested the name Burnaby" for the settlement after an article he had read in The Globe newspaper about a Colonel who had been killed in the Egyptian War. 780:
commemorates his life. Besides Burnaby's bust, in relief, it carries only the word "Burnaby", and the dated place names "Khiva 1875" and "Abu Klea 1885". The obelisk was unveiled by
1374: 1217: 1062: 463:, Ireland. The previously named Hawkins-Whitshed estate at Greystones is known as The Burnaby to this day. At this point began his active interest in politics, and in 1256: 568:, says that Burnaby fell while re-forming a broken British square, this being one of only two recorded cases of a British square breaking in the 19th century. 1440: 1222: 1455: 1415: 1450: 1420: 1405: 1378: 468: 511: 1335: 1085: 750: 736: 519: 1425: 464: 777: 766: 354:, Merv and Herat. Protestations of neutrality were a sham. Burnaby gained respect from the population, who bowed in homage at a soldier 210: 214: 140: 438: 761: 1286: 1160: 413:
he had planned to meet Count Ignatiev, the Russian ambassador, whom he missed on his journey across Turkey on horseback, through
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in parliament was sparked in a village in Hercegovina and spread to Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria. Outraged by the
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through Russian Asia, which had just been closed to travellers. War had broken out between the Russian army and the
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The aforementioned events did not deter Burnaby from a similar course when a fresh expedition started up the
620: 296: 190: 32: 791:. There is also a public house, The Burnaby Arms, located in the Black Tom area of Bedford. The organ at 781: 367: 260: 514:, involved first in the skirmish at El Teb, until he met his death in the hand-to-hand fighting of the 798:
William Kinnard, who was instrumental in acquiring a post office for a tiny settlement at the base of
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from Europe. It was in the crucible of this crisis that Burnaby planned a second expedition. At
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Letter of 27 April 1885, to c/o Major Lord Arthur Somerset, who commanded The Blues, HCM, AB 2659
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Fred: The Collected Letters and Speeches of Colonel Frederick Gustavus Burnaby. Vol. 2 1878-1885
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Fred: The Collected Letters and Speeches of Colonel Frederick Gustavus Burnaby. Vol. 1 1842-1878
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It has been suggested that Burnaby may have been (in part) an inspiration for the creation of
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Returning to England in March 1875, he formulated his plans for a journey on horseback to the
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which jammed). It was, perhaps, because of an impromptu order by Burnaby (who, as a
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Frechtling, L.E. (1939). "Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Eastern Turkistan, 1863-1881".
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On arrival back in England, March 1876, he was received by Commander-in-Chief,
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Clouds in the East: Travels and Adventures on the Perso-Turkoman Frontier
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The Life, Adventures and Political Opinions of Frederick Gustavus Burnaby
318: 284: 268: 65: 1226:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 848. 612:(2014), where he is portrayed as having a (fictional) love affair with 482:. Having been disappointed in his hope of seeing active service in the 422: 351: 346: 333: 238: 186: 155: 125: 49: 45: 1132:
The True Blue: The Life and Adventures of Colonel Fred Burnaby 1842-85
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Williams, Clive. "Tall tales but true, the hero behind the portrait".
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Committee, but had to return to England before the campaign was over.
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tribesmen of the desert. He planned to visit St. Petersburg to meet
206: 546:" is often quoted as referring to Burnaby's death at Abu Klea; "The 475:-Democrat interest, which was followed by a second attempt in 1885. 1207:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
760: 591:," when the young Marlow recounts how he "read for the first time 372: 328:
Hiring a servant and horses his party trudged through the snow to
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the Prime Minister ordered immediate diplomatic efforts, while
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when acting as an intelligence officer for his friend General
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on 12 January 1876 with a servant, guide, three camels and a
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Fred Burnaby, On Horseback Through Asia Minor, (London 1877)
601:," preferring "the soldier to the philosopher at the time." 490:
campaign of 1884 without official leave, and was wounded at
205:(d. 15 July 1872), by Harriet, sister of Henry Villebois of 1375:"Bedfordshire Virtual Library – Frederick Gustavus Burnaby" 362:
he heard of what later was described in parliament as the
340:, he deviated, cutting two days off the journey. Leaving 1328:
Shooting Leave: Spying Out Central Asia in the Great Game
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Practical Instruction of Staff Officers in Foreign Armies
550:'s jammed and the Colonel's dead...", (although it was a 429:, and an expedition much later under the Arabist Colonel 931:. Vol. 194, no. 184. 30 March 1882. p. 7. 643:
A Ride to Khiva: Travels and Adventures in Central Asia
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Portrait of Burnaby in his uniform as a captain in the
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On 23 March 1882 he crossed the English Channel in a
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British military personnel killed in the Mahdist War
961:"The Battle of Abu Klea of the Sudan Campaign 1885" 131: 121: 113: 93: 75: 55: 39: 23: 1316:The Road to Kabul: The Second Afghan War 1878-1881 448:) acted as travelling agent to the Stafford House 433:, witnessed by the genesis of a Cossack invasion. 696:Regular contributions as roving correspondent to 189:, the son of the Rev. Gustavus Andrew Burnaby of 1298:Colonel Grodekoff's Ride from Samarkand to Herat 1307:Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia 1810-1895 304:, and brought him immediate fame. The city of 1279:The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia 1078:Shropshire War Memorials, Sites of Remembrance 317:(1875). By Christmas, Burnaby had arrived at 209:, Norfolk (d. 1883). His sister Mary married 1342:Chapter 10 - "Fred Burnaby: The Gentle Giant" 1006:. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Page 182. 902:"Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed of Killincarrick" 8: 1059:"Bedford digitisation people Burnaby Window" 1266:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 1255:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1182:The Life and Times of Colonel Fred Burnaby 459:, who had inherited her father's lands at 31: 20: 787:There is a memorial window to Burnaby at 684:Our Radicals: A Tale of Love and Politics 16:British traveller and soldier (1842–1885) 1353:Olliff-Cooper, Jonty (17 January 2009). 851: 405:demanded an aggressive clear out of the 835: 815: 161:(3 March 1842 – 17 January 1885) was a 1248: 1080:. YouCaxton Publications. p. 69. 1377:. bedfordshire.gov.uk. Archived from 1180:Ware, J. Redding; Mann, R.K. (1885). 1061:. bedfordshire.gov.uk. Archived from 900:Raughter, Rosemary (6 October 2016). 366:, and a forthcoming campaign against 253:forces in Spain as correspondent for 7: 444:Burnaby (who soon afterwards became 1151:"Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus"  890:Hopkirk, The Great Game, p.455, 524 881:Hopkirk, The Great Game, p.379, 388 604:Burnaby appears as a balloonist in 1441:People educated at Oswestry School 1370:— biography of a Frederick Burnaby 1004:Great Short Works of Joseph Conrad 765:Memorial obelisk in churchyard of 141:First and Second Battles of El Teb 14: 1456:People educated at Bedford School 1416:People from the Borough of Melton 778:St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham 767:St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham 233:, where he was a contemporary of 1451:British people of the Great Game 1421:People educated at Harrow School 1200: 1192:The Life of Colonel Fred Burnaby 1161:Dictionary of National Biography 1141:The Life of Colonel Fred Burnaby 982:The life of Colonel Fred Burnaby 795:Chapel was given in his memory. 391:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 100: 80: 1406:Military personnel from Bedford 1018:. CBR City News, 12 August 2022 656:On Horseback Through Asia Minor 267:. This took Burnaby as far as 1241:Baker, Col. Valentine (1976). 1148:Hamilton, John Andrew (1886). 669:(both with an introduction by 185:Frederick Burnaby was born in 1: 1102:"Exploring Niagara | Burnaby" 776:obelisk in the churchyard of 291:, the Minister of War to the 1134:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis. 467:he unsuccessfully contested 1426:Royal Horse Guards officers 1218:Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus 1130:Alexander, Michael (1957). 525:Distinguished Conduct Medal 213:. He was a first cousin of 181:caricature, 2 December 1876 1477: 789:St Peter's Church, Bedford 741:(ed. Dr. John W. Hawkins) 727:(ed. Dr. John W. Hawkins) 457:Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed 159:Frederick Gustavus Burnaby 25:Frederick Gustavus Burnaby 745:(Helion & Co., 2014) 731:(Helion & Co., 2013) 678:A Ride across the Channel 510:. He was given a post by 486:, he participated in the 484:Egyptian Campaign of 1882 439:Russo-Turkish War of 1877 235:William Archibald Spooner 219:Louisa Cavendish-Bentinck 30: 1296:Marvin, Charles (1880). 1106:www.exploringniagara.com 993:White-Spunner, p.400-408 908:. Wicklow Heritage Forum 863:White-Spunner, p.400-408 1305:Morgan, Gerald (1981). 1281:. London: John Murray. 1277:Hopkirk, Peter (1990). 1223:Encyclopædia Britannica 1189:Wright, Thomas (1908). 1076:Francis, Peter (2013). 623:'s fictional anti-hero 621:George MacDonald Fraser 529:Edward, Prince of Wales 297:London Victoria station 221:. Fred was educated at 1461:Explorers of West Asia 1431:English travel writers 782:Lord Charles Beresford 769: 702:in Egypt and the Sudan 587:'s 1898 short story, " 386: 182: 1355:"Victorian celebrity" 1330:. London: Constable. 1037:. Wharncliffe Books. 1035:Aspects of Birmingham 984:by Charles P. Corning 784:on 13 November 1885. 764: 376: 177: 114:Years of service 1381:on 25 February 2004. 1139:Corning, Charles P. 1033:Hall, Brian (2001). 963:. Britishbattles.com 950:White-Spunner, p.405 906:Our Wicklow Heritage 431:Francis Younghusband 1411:People from Bedford 1314:Robson, B. (1886). 1195:. Everett & Co. 1169:Mann, R.K. (1882). 1065:on 1 December 2008. 927:"Colonel Burnaby". 552:Gardner machine gun 535:Cultural references 455:In 1879 he married 313:(1874) and Colonel 275:Military adventures 211:John Manners-Sutton 1029:Monumental Soldier 770: 717:from 1872 onwards. 516:Battle of Abu Klea 446:lieutenant-colonel 437:See main article: 387: 379:Royal Horse Guards 263:expedition to the 246:Royal Horse Guards 183: 146:Battle of Abu Klea 1337:978-1-84901-040-5 1232:Secondary sources 1087:978-1-909644-11-3 751:978-1-90998-213-0 737:978-1-90938-451-4 364:Bulgarian Horrors 315:Charles MacGregor 153: 152: 1468: 1382: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1341: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1292: 1273: 1260: 1254: 1246: 1227: 1206: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1185: 1176: 1165: 1153: 1144: 1135: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 1002:Conrad, Joseph. 1000: 994: 991: 985: 979: 973: 972: 970: 968: 957: 951: 948: 942: 939: 933: 932: 924: 918: 917: 915: 913: 897: 891: 888: 882: 879: 873: 870: 864: 861: 855: 849: 823: 822:a Turcoman tent. 820: 395:Eastern Question 281:Khanate of Khiva 106: 104: 103: 95: 86: 84: 83: 62: 35: 21: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1386: 1385: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1352: 1349: 1338: 1322: 1313: 1304: 1295: 1289: 1276: 1263: 1247: 1240: 1234: 1216:, ed. (1911). " 1212: 1201: 1199: 1188: 1179: 1168: 1156:Stephen, Leslie 1147: 1138: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1032: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1001: 997: 992: 988: 980: 976: 966: 964: 959: 958: 954: 949: 945: 940: 936: 926: 925: 921: 911: 909: 899: 898: 894: 889: 885: 880: 876: 871: 867: 862: 858: 850: 837: 832: 827: 826: 821: 817: 812: 793:Oswestry School 759: 633: 614:Sarah Bernhardt 594:Sartor Resartus 572:Another account 537: 504: 496:Valentine Baker 403:W. E. Gladstone 302:A Ride to Khiva 277: 244:He entered the 231:Oswestry School 197:, and canon of 172: 101: 99: 81: 79: 64: 60: 59:17 January 1885 44: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1474: 1472: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1371: 1348: 1347:External links 1345: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1320: 1311: 1302: 1293: 1287: 1274: 1261: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1214:Chisholm, Hugh 1197: 1186: 1177: 1166: 1145: 1136: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1093: 1086: 1068: 1050: 1043: 1020: 1008: 995: 986: 974: 952: 943: 934: 929:The Cornishman 919: 892: 883: 874: 865: 856: 834: 833: 831: 828: 825: 824: 814: 813: 811: 808: 800:Morgan's Point 774:Portland stone 758: 755: 754: 753: 739: 724: 723: 719: 718: 710: 703: 693: 692: 688: 687: 681: 667: 666: 653: 640: 632: 629: 625:Harry Flashman 610:Levels of Life 597:and Burnaby's 577: 576: 569: 562:The report in 536: 533: 503: 500: 411:Constantinople 370:in Kashgaria. 323:Khan of Kokand 289:Count Milyutin 276: 273: 223:Bedford School 195:Leicestershire 171: 168: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 97: 91: 90: 88:United Kingdom 77: 73: 72: 63:(aged 42) 57: 53: 52: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1473: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1244: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1209:public domain 1198: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1009: 1005: 999: 996: 990: 987: 983: 978: 975: 962: 956: 953: 947: 944: 938: 935: 930: 923: 920: 907: 903: 896: 893: 887: 884: 878: 875: 869: 866: 860: 857: 853: 852:Chisholm 1911 848: 846: 844: 842: 840: 836: 829: 819: 816: 809: 807: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 768: 763: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725: 721: 720: 716: 715: 711: 709: 708: 704: 701: 700: 695: 694: 690: 689: 685: 682: 679: 676: 675: 674: 672: 671:Peter Hopkirk 665: 661: 657: 654: 652: 648: 644: 641: 638: 635: 634: 630: 628: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 606:Julian Barnes 602: 600: 599:Ride to Khiva 596: 595: 590: 586: 585:Joseph Conrad 582: 581:Ride to Khiva 573: 570: 567: 566: 561: 560: 559: 557: 556:supernumerary 553: 549: 545: 544:Vitaï Lampada 541: 540:Henry Newbolt 534: 532: 530: 526: 521: 517: 513: 512:Lord Wolseley 509: 501: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 453: 451: 447: 442: 441: 440: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 384: 380: 375: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 348: 343: 339: 335: 331: 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 311:George Napier 307: 303: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 274: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257: 252: 247: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215:Edwyn Burnaby 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 180: 176: 169: 167: 164: 160: 157: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 137: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 116: 112: 109: 98: 92: 89: 78: 74: 71: 67: 58: 54: 51: 47: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1379:the original 1362:. 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London. 804:Lake Erie 699:The Times 565:The Times 542:'s poem " 450:Red Cross 407:Sultanate 368:Yakub Beg 256:The Times 237:, and in 203:Yorkshire 199:Middleham 117:1859–1885 1359:Prospect 1326:(2009). 691:Journals 360:En route 319:Orenburg 285:Turcoman 269:Khartoum 261:Gordon's 94:Service/ 66:Abu Klea 1211::  1158:(ed.). 1143:. UCLA. 912:11 July 772:A tall 722:Letters 658:(1877) 645:(1876) 548:Gatling 471:in the 423:Erzerum 419:Scutari 417:, from 399:pogroms 352:Kashgar 347:kibitka 334:Bokhara 251:Carlist 239:Germany 217:and of 191:Somerby 187:Bedford 156:Colonel 126:Colonel 50:England 46:Bedford 1334:  1285:  1205:  1084:  1041:  757:Legacy 749:  735:  686:(1886) 680:(1882) 662:  649:  639:(1872) 492:El Teb 488:Suakin 385:(1870) 342:Kazala 330:Kazala 227:Harrow 193:Hall, 105:  96:branch 85:  1154:. 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Index


Bedford
England
Abu Klea
Sudan
United Kingdom
British Army
Colonel
Mahdist War
First and Second Battles of El Teb
Battle of Abu Klea
Colonel
British Army

Bedford
Somerby
Leicestershire
Middleham
Yorkshire
Marham House
John Manners-Sutton
Edwyn Burnaby
Louisa Cavendish-Bentinck
Bedford School
Harrow
Oswestry School
William Archibald Spooner
Germany
Royal Horse Guards
Carlist

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