332:, intending a crossing into Afghanistan from Merv. Extreme winter blizzards brought frostbite, treated with "naphtha", a Cossack emetic. Close to death, Burnaby took three weeks to recover. Having received conflicted accounts of the dubious privilege of Russian hospitality it was a welcome release, he later told his book, to be cheered with vodka. It was another 400 miles south to Khiva, when he was requested to divert to Petro Alexandrovsk, a Russian fortress garrison. Lurid tales of wild tribesmen awaiting his desert travails ready to "gouge out his eyes" were intended to discourage. He ignored the escort, believing the tribes more friendly than the Russians. Intending to go via
425:, with the object of observing the Russian frontier, an account of which he afterwards published. He was warned the Russian garrison had issued an arrest warrant; turning back at the frontier he took ship on the Black Sea via the Bosphorus and the Mediterranean. In April 1877 Russia declared war on Turkey. The inexorable conclusion was drawn in Calcutta and London that Russia would not avoid, but wanted war; planning more attacks still. Eager for Russian rule, Colonel N L Grodekov had built a road from Tashkent to Herat via Samarkand, anticipating a war of conquest. Burnaby's warnings that the bellicose Russians posed a serious threat to India were confirmed later by
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350:, Burnaby bribed the servant with 100 Roubles a day to avoid the fortress where he would be bound to be delayed. A local mullah wrote an introduction note to the Khan, and clad in furs they traversed the freezing desert. On the banks of River, 60 miles from the capital, he was met by the Khan's nobleman, who guided the escort into the city. Burnaby's book outlined in some detail the events of the following days, the successful outcome of the meetings, and the decision he took to evade the Russian army. The Khanate was already at war, his possessions seized; the Russians intended a march from Tashkent to seize
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358:. But on return to his quarters he received a note of orders from Horse Guards to return via Russia. Frustrated Burnaby learnt of the overwhelming numerical superiority the Tsarists presented. To his great surprise he was received as a brother officer at Petro Alexandrovsk. Colonel Ivanov was smug and proud declared the fate of Merv "must be decided by the sword." Released by the Khan's Treasurer he travelled for nine days with Cossacks across the snowy plains of Kazala. Hard-bitten and hungry he sat on a small pony for 900 miles.
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241:. Legend has it he could carry two boys under both arms up the stairs of school house. Burnaby was a huge man for his times: 6 ft 4in tall and 20 stone when fully grown. His outsize personality and strength became the literary legend of imperial might. Lionised by the press for his outlandish expeditious adventures across Central Asia, Burnaby at 6 ft 4 ins tall with broad shoulders was a giant amongst men, symbolic of a Victorian celebrity, feted in London society.
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393:, whose praise marvelled at Burnaby's feats of derring-do and impressive physique. Burnaby's fame grew celebrated in London society, in newspaper and magazines. His guest appearances flattered to deceive, when he learnt that he had travelled with the ringleaders of the Cossack Revolt. The rising of the
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courageous man of charm and supreme self-sacrifice, who was admired and respected in equal measure. Lord
Binning recalled "that in our little force his death caused a feeling akin to consternation. In my own detachment many of the men sat down and cried". Private Steele who went to help him won the
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intelligence officer. Burnaby's adventurous spirit, pioneering achievements, and swashbuckling courage earned an affection in the minds of
Victorian imperial idealists. As well as travelling across Europe and Central Asia, he mastered ballooning, spoke a number of foreign languages fluently, stood
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on 30 November 1875. The
Russians announced they would protect the soldier along the route, but to all intents and purposes this proved impossible. The accomplishment of this task, in the winter of 1875–1876, with the aim of reciprocity for India and the Tsarist State, was described in his book
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rushed out to give him some water, twice. On the last occasion he came across a private crying, holding the dying man's head. He had been struck again by a
Mahdist spear through the neck and throat. The young soldier was tearful because Burnaby was revered as one of the great Victorian heroes. A
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says that the square did not break, but men were ordered to pull aside temporarily to let the
Gardner gun and then the Heavy Camel Corps get out and attack the enemy. Some Dervishes got inside before the gap closed, but the back ranks of the square faced-about and made an end of the
558:, had no official capacity in the battle) that the Dervishes managed to get inside the square. Yet the song "Colonel Burnaby" was written in his honour and his portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London. There are two contradictory accounts:
321:. In receipt of orders prohibiting progress into Persia from Russian-held territory, he was warned not to advance. A fluent Russian speaker, he was not coerced; arriving at a Russian garrison, the officers entertaining the former
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in 1859. Finding no chance for active service, his spirit of adventure sought outlets in balloon ascents and in travels through Spain and Russia with his firm friend, George
Radford. In the summer of 1874 he accompanied the
518:. As a gap in the lines opened up the Colonel rushed out to rescue a colleague and was wounded outside the square. Corporal Mackintosh went to his rescue driving his bayonet into the assailant. Lieutenant-Colonel
527:. There are two memorials erected to his memory in Holy Trinity Garrison and Parish Church in Windsor, the first by the officers and men of the Royal Horse Guards and the second, a privately funded memorial from
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was inaccessible, but presented a potential military flashpoint. The
Russians knew that British Intelligence gathered information along the frontier. Similar expeditions had taken place under Captain
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for parliament twice, published several books, and was admired and feted by the women of London high society. His popularity was legendary, appearing in a number of stories and tales of empire.
806:'s North Shore in Ontario, Canada, "suggested the name Burnaby" for the settlement after an article he had read in The Globe newspaper about a Colonel who had been killed in the Egyptian War.
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commemorates his life. Besides
Burnaby's bust, in relief, it carries only the word "Burnaby", and the dated place names "Khiva 1875" and "Abu Klea 1885". The obelisk was unveiled by
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463:, Ireland. The previously named Hawkins-Whitshed estate at Greystones is known as The Burnaby to this day. At this point began his active interest in politics, and in
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568:, says that Burnaby fell while re-forming a broken British square, this being one of only two recorded cases of a British square breaking in the 19th century.
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he had planned to meet Count
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in parliament was sparked in a village in
Hercegovina and spread to Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria. Outraged by the
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through Russian Asia, which had just been closed to travellers. War had broken out between the Russian army and the
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The aforementioned events did not deter Burnaby from a similar course when a fresh expedition started up the
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791:. There is also a public house, The Burnaby Arms, located in the Black Tom area of Bedford. The organ at
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William Kinnard, who was instrumental in acquiring a post office for a tiny settlement at the base of
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from Europe. It was in the crucible of this crisis that Burnaby planned a second expedition. At
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Letter of 27 April 1885, to c/o Major Lord Arthur Somerset, who commanded The Blues, HCM, AB 2659
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Fred: The Collected Letters and Speeches of Colonel Frederick Gustavus Burnaby. Vol. 2 1878-1885
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Fred: The Collected Letters and Speeches of Colonel Frederick Gustavus Burnaby. Vol. 1 1842-1878
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It has been suggested that Burnaby may have been (in part) an inspiration for the creation of
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Returning to England in March 1875, he formulated his plans for a journey on horseback to the
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1237:(Andrew, Sir William ?) "An Indian Officer", Russia's March towards India, 1894
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which jammed). It was, perhaps, because of an impromptu order by Burnaby (who, as a
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Frechtling, L.E. (1939). "Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Eastern Turkistan, 1863-1881".
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On arrival back in England, March 1876, he was received by Commander-in-Chief,
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295:. Travelling at his own expense carrying an 85 lb pack, he departed
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Clouds in the East: Travels and Adventures on the Perso-Turkoman Frontier
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The Life, Adventures and Political Opinions of Frederick Gustavus Burnaby
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1226:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 848.
612:(2014), where he is portrayed as having a (fictional) love affair with
482:. Having been disappointed in his hope of seeing active service in the
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The True Blue: The Life and Adventures of Colonel Fred Burnaby 1842-85
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Williams, Clive. "Tall tales but true, the hero behind the portrait".
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Committee, but had to return to England before the campaign was over.
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tribesmen of the desert. He planned to visit St. Petersburg to meet
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546:" is often quoted as referring to Burnaby's death at Abu Klea; "The
475:-Democrat interest, which was followed by a second attempt in 1885.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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591:," when the young Marlow recounts how he "read for the first time
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Hiring a servant and horses his party trudged through the snow to
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1164:. Vol. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 380–382.
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the Prime Minister ordered immediate diplomatic efforts, while
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when acting as an intelligence officer for his friend General
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on 12 January 1876 with a servant, guide, three camels and a
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Fred Burnaby, On Horseback Through Asia Minor, (London 1877)
601:," preferring "the soldier to the philosopher at the time."
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campaign of 1884 without official leave, and was wounded at
205:(d. 15 July 1872), by Harriet, sister of Henry Villebois of
1375:"Bedfordshire Virtual Library – Frederick Gustavus Burnaby"
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he heard of what later was described in parliament as the
340:, he deviated, cutting two days off the journey. Leaving
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Shooting Leave: Spying Out Central Asia in the Great Game
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Practical Instruction of Staff Officers in Foreign Armies
550:'s jammed and the Colonel's dead...", (although it was a
429:, and an expedition much later under the Arabist Colonel
931:. Vol. 194, no. 184. 30 March 1882. p. 7.
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A Ride to Khiva: Travels and Adventures in Central Asia
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Portrait of Burnaby in his uniform as a captain in the
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On 23 March 1882 he crossed the English Channel in a
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British military personnel killed in the Mahdist War
961:"The Battle of Abu Klea of the Sudan Campaign 1885"
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1316:The Road to Kabul: The Second Afghan War 1878-1881
448:) acted as travelling agent to the Stafford House
433:, witnessed by the genesis of a Cossack invasion.
696:Regular contributions as roving correspondent to
189:, the son of the Rev. Gustavus Andrew Burnaby of
1298:Colonel Grodekoff's Ride from Samarkand to Herat
1307:Anglo-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia 1810-1895
304:, and brought him immediate fame. The city of
1279:The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia
1078:Shropshire War Memorials, Sites of Remembrance
317:(1875). By Christmas, Burnaby had arrived at
209:, Norfolk (d. 1883). His sister Mary married
1342:Chapter 10 - "Fred Burnaby: The Gentle Giant"
1006:. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Page 182.
902:"Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed of Killincarrick"
8:
1059:"Bedford digitisation people Burnaby Window"
1266:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
1255:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1182:The Life and Times of Colonel Fred Burnaby
459:, who had inherited her father's lands at
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20:
787:There is a memorial window to Burnaby at
684:Our Radicals: A Tale of Love and Politics
16:British traveller and soldier (1842–1885)
1353:Olliff-Cooper, Jonty (17 January 2009).
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405:demanded an aggressive clear out of the
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161:(3 March 1842 – 17 January 1885) was a
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1080:. YouCaxton Publications. p. 69.
1377:. bedfordshire.gov.uk. Archived from
1180:Ware, J. Redding; Mann, R.K. (1885).
1061:. bedfordshire.gov.uk. Archived from
900:Raughter, Rosemary (6 October 2016).
366:, and a forthcoming campaign against
253:forces in Spain as correspondent for
7:
444:Burnaby (who soon afterwards became
1151:"Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus"
890:Hopkirk, The Great Game, p.455, 524
881:Hopkirk, The Great Game, p.379, 388
604:Burnaby appears as a balloonist in
1441:People educated at Oswestry School
1370:— biography of a Frederick Burnaby
1004:Great Short Works of Joseph Conrad
765:Memorial obelisk in churchyard of
141:First and Second Battles of El Teb
14:
1456:People educated at Bedford School
1416:People from the Borough of Melton
778:St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham
767:St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham
233:, where he was a contemporary of
1451:British people of the Great Game
1421:People educated at Harrow School
1200:
1192:The Life of Colonel Fred Burnaby
1161:Dictionary of National Biography
1141:The Life of Colonel Fred Burnaby
982:The life of Colonel Fred Burnaby
795:Chapel was given in his memory.
391:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
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80:
1406:Military personnel from Bedford
1018:. CBR City News, 12 August 2022
656:On Horseback Through Asia Minor
267:. This took Burnaby as far as
1241:Baker, Col. Valentine (1976).
1148:Hamilton, John Andrew (1886).
669:(both with an introduction by
185:Frederick Burnaby was born in
1:
1102:"Exploring Niagara | Burnaby"
776:obelisk in the churchyard of
291:, the Minister of War to the
1134:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis.
467:he unsuccessfully contested
1426:Royal Horse Guards officers
1218:Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus
1130:Alexander, Michael (1957).
525:Distinguished Conduct Medal
213:. He was a first cousin of
181:caricature, 2 December 1876
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789:St Peter's Church, Bedford
741:(ed. Dr. John W. Hawkins)
727:(ed. Dr. John W. Hawkins)
457:Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed
159:Frederick Gustavus Burnaby
25:Frederick Gustavus Burnaby
745:(Helion & Co., 2014)
731:(Helion & Co., 2013)
678:A Ride across the Channel
510:. He was given a post by
486:, he participated in the
484:Egyptian Campaign of 1882
439:Russo-Turkish War of 1877
235:William Archibald Spooner
219:Louisa Cavendish-Bentinck
30:
1296:Marvin, Charles (1880).
1106:www.exploringniagara.com
993:White-Spunner, p.400-408
908:. Wicklow Heritage Forum
863:White-Spunner, p.400-408
1305:Morgan, Gerald (1981).
1281:. London: John Murray.
1277:Hopkirk, Peter (1990).
1223:Encyclopædia Britannica
1189:Wright, Thomas (1908).
1076:Francis, Peter (2013).
623:'s fictional anti-hero
621:George MacDonald Fraser
529:Edward, Prince of Wales
297:London Victoria station
221:. Fred was educated at
1461:Explorers of West Asia
1431:English travel writers
782:Lord Charles Beresford
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702:in Egypt and the Sudan
587:'s 1898 short story, "
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182:
1355:"Victorian celebrity"
1330:. London: Constable.
1037:. Wharncliffe Books.
1035:Aspects of Birmingham
984:by Charles P. Corning
784:on 13 November 1885.
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114:Years of service
1381:on 25 February 2004.
1139:Corning, Charles P.
1033:Hall, Brian (2001).
963:. Britishbattles.com
950:White-Spunner, p.405
906:Our Wicklow Heritage
431:Francis Younghusband
1411:People from Bedford
1314:Robson, B. (1886).
1195:. Everett & Co.
1169:Mann, R.K. (1882).
1065:on 1 December 2008.
927:"Colonel Burnaby".
552:Gardner machine gun
535:Cultural references
455:In 1879 he married
313:(1874) and Colonel
275:Military adventures
211:John Manners-Sutton
1029:Monumental Soldier
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717:from 1872 onwards.
516:Battle of Abu Klea
446:lieutenant-colonel
437:See main article:
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379:Royal Horse Guards
263:expedition to the
246:Royal Horse Guards
183:
146:Battle of Abu Klea
1337:978-1-84901-040-5
1232:Secondary sources
1087:978-1-909644-11-3
751:978-1-90998-213-0
737:978-1-90938-451-4
364:Bulgarian Horrors
315:Charles MacGregor
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675:
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672:
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635:
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628:
626:
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617:
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596:
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585:Joseph Conrad
582:
581:Ride to Khiva
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556:supernumerary
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331:
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316:
312:
311:George Napier
307:
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294:
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258:
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215:Edwyn Burnaby
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180:
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1327:
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43:3 March 1842
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1401:1885 deaths
1396:1842 births
707:Vanity Fair
583:appears in
480:gas balloon
427:Lord Curzon
179:Vanity Fair
136:Mahdist War
1446:Greystones
1390:Categories
1364:11 January
1111:7 December
1044:1871647673
967:11 January
830:References
664:1590480317
651:1590480198
608:'s memoir
579:Burnaby's
575:intruders.
469:Birmingham
461:Greystones
415:Asia Minor
356:en passant
170:Early life
76:Allegiance
1324:Ure, John
1272:. London.
1251:cite book
1245:. London.
804:Lake Erie
699:The Times
565:The Times
542:'s poem "
450:Red Cross
407:Sultanate
368:Yakub Beg
256:The Times
237:, and in
203:Yorkshire
199:Middleham
117:1859–1885
1359:Prospect
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691:Journals
360:En route
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417:, from
399:pogroms
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810:Notes
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589:Youth
502:Death
265:Sudan
70:Sudan
1366:2014
1332:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1270:XXVI
1257:link
1113:2019
1082:ISBN
1039:ISBN
969:2014
914:2017
747:ISBN
733:ISBN
660:ISBN
647:ISBN
508:Nile
473:Tory
465:1880
338:Merv
336:and
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