Frederick Banting - Knowledge (XXG)

1242: 1045: 1123:

a considerable proportion of population at Port Burwell"; and that "the gravest danger faces the Eskimo in his transfer from a race-long hunter to a dependent trapper. White flour, sea-biscuits, tea and tobacco do not provide sufficient fuel to warm and nourish him." Furthermore, he discouraged the establishment of an Arctic hospital. The "proposed hospital at Pangnirtung would be a waste of money, as it could be reached by only a few natives." Banting's report contrasted starkly with the bland descriptions provided by the ship's physician, F. H. Stringer.

623: 1133: 856: 4373: 4402: 4341: 4327: 2523: 510: 571:

continued to struggle in school and stubbornly resisted being disciplined there. After one incident, he resolved never to continue his education but was convinced otherwise by his father. Banting's grandfather, John Banting, had urged his own children to be educated; the philosophy had influenced William, who offered to provide a fund to his sons when they turned twenty-one. In contrast to his brothers, who spent the inheritance towards their own farms, Frederick would use it towards matriculation.

607: 1467:

offered $ 1 million to the Ontario Historical Society (OHS). The town intended to turn the property over to the Sir Frederick Banting Legacy Foundation for preservation of the property and buildings, and the Legacy Foundation planned to erect a Camp for Diabetic Youths. The day after the November 22, 2006, deadline for the OHS to sign the agreement, the OHS announced that it had sold the property for housing development to Solmar Development for more than $ 2 million.

422: 563:

brothers could not be bothered with me for the most part." When he began schooling at the age of seven in Alliston, Banting was a shy, asocial boy who tired of the attendance and was bullied frequently. Early difficulties with spelling ensured poor marks in exams: "I simply could not spell. Every word seemed to have about three ways of spelling. It was a guess and I invariably guessed wrong." He later attributed these experiences as being the product of an

804:, Banting's life was saved by a patient, an amputee sergeant, who shot the soldier at the post's door. Later, Banting was struck by shrapnel from an exploding shell, ultimately ending his frontline duty. He wished to remain in battle to continue treating the wounded but his superior, Major L.C. Palmer, insisted otherwise. For his valour, Palmer would recommend Banting to be decorated. Banting was awarded the 76: 1658: 1341: 983: 2883: 1412:

The "Canadian Forces Major Sir Frederick Banting Term Chair in Military Trauma Research" at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre was established in 2012. The first Chair holder is Colonel Homer Tien, medical director of Sunnybrook's Tory Regional Trauma Centre and Senior Specialist and Trauma Adviser to

1122:

He noted that "infant mortality was high because of the undernourishment of the mother before birth"; that "white man’s food leads to decay of native teeth"; that "tuberculosis has commenced. Saw several cases at Godhavn, Etah, Port Burwell, Arctic Bay"; that "an epidemic resembling influenza killed

570:

During his childhood, Banting devoted himself to farmwork, grew close with his mother, and sympathised with animals in the absence of other company. Marion Walwyn, a cousin who first met Banting in 1901, recalled that "we sat together in the swing in our yard. In an hour he didn’t say one word." He

995:

Banting was appointed Senior Demonstrator in Medicine at the University of Toronto in 1922. Next year he was elected to the new Banting and Best Chair of Medical Research, endowed by the Legislature of the province of Ontario. He also served as Honorary Consulting Physician to the Toronto General,

1093:

The article noted that Banting had given the journalist C. R. Greenaway repeated instances of how the fox fur trade always favoured the company: "For over $ 100,000 of fox skins, he estimated that the Eskimos had not received $ 5,000 worth of goods." He traced this treatment to health, consistent

1466:

which had been left to the Ontario Historical Society by Banting's late nephew, Edward, in 1998. The dispute centred on the future use of the 40 hectares (99 acres) property and its buildings. In a year-long negotiation, assisted by a provincially appointed facilitator, the Town of New Tecumseth

2891: 928:

which breaks down insulin, but it left the islets of Langerhans intact. Banting realized that this procedure would destroy the trypsin-secreting cells but not the insulin. Once the trypsin-secreting cells had died, insulin could be extracted from the islets of Langerhans. Banting discussed this

902:

in the pancreas. Schafer had named this putative hormone "insulin". The hormone was thought to control the metabolism of sugar; its lack led to an increase of sugar in the blood which was then excreted in urine. Attempts to extract insulin from ground-up pancreas cells were unsuccessful, likely

664:. Despite hard work, Banting failed his first year, but decided to become a doctor and returned to repeat the year. He petitioned to join the medical program in February 1912 and was accepted. In September, he dropped out of Victoria College to begin medical school at the University of Toronto. 562:

With his family being located within a secure rural community, Banting was raised in prosperous circumstances. He was often called "Fred" or "Freddie." Farm life largely defined most of his boyhood. He felt excluded from his siblings, all multiple years his senior, and recalled that "my older

1470:

The Town of New Tecumseth announced it would designate the property under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would prevent its commercial development and obligate the owner to maintain it properly. OHS objected. The Ontario Conservation Review Board heard arguments for and against designation in

1114:

notes in his memoir, since neither the governor nor the general manager had been to the Arctic, the meeting ended with them asking Banting's advice on what HBC ought to do: "He gave them some good advice and later he received a card at Christmas with the Governor's best wishes."

1109:

to demand a retraction. Banting stated that the reporter had betrayed his confidence, but did not retract his statement and reaffirmed that HBC was responsible for the death of indigenous residents by supplying the wrong kind of food and introducing diseases into the Arctic. As

949:

and found the extracts to be just as potent as those extracted from the dog pancreases. By December 1921, he had also succeeded in extracting insulin from the adult pancreas. Pork and beef would remain the primary commercial sources of insulin until they were replaced by

1409:, is awarded annually by the Surgeon General to the researcher whose work presented at the annual Military and Veterans Health Research Forum is deemed to contribute most to military health. It was first awarded in 2011 in the presence of several Banting descendants. 598:. The next year, he narrowly passed Latin but failed French and, for a second time, English composition. The principal later remembered his repeated efforts: "We would not have picked him for one on whom fame should settle. He was a white boy, a right boy." 944:

As the experiments proceeded, the required quantities could no longer be obtained by performing surgery on living dogs. In November 1921, Banting hit upon the idea of obtaining insulin from the fetal pancreas. He removed the pancreases from fetal calves at a

1011:(RCAF) in research concerning the physiological problems encountered by pilots operating high-altitude combat aircraft. Banting headed the RCAF's Number 1 Clinical Investigation Unit (CIU), which was housed in a secret facility on the grounds of the former 765:, at Granville Hospital. He oversaw 125 patients and refused to levy a fee for extra services: "it gives me a certain amount of pleasure to be able to help them which repays me in a way that money never could." After some study, he gained certification in 1241: 671:

player, however, he was otherwise undistinguished. His grades—now without the burden of language courses—saw a marked improvement, averaging approximately a B, an above-average score. Summers were spent returning to work at the farm. At Toronto's

1152:

Banting developed an interest in painting beginning around 1921 while he was in London, Ontario. Some of his first pieces were done on the back of the cardboard in which his shirts were packed by the dry-cleaners. He became friends with the

1581:. He was a member of numerous medical academies and societies in Canada and abroad, including the British and American Physiological Societies, and the American Pharmacological Society. In 1934, he was knighted as a Knight Commander of the 811:

Banting returned to Canada after the war and went to Toronto to complete his surgical training. In 1918, he was awarded the license to practise medicine, surgery, and midwifery by the Royal College of Physicians of London. He studied

3232: 1094:

with reports made in previous years by RCMP officers, suggesting that "the result was a diet of 'flour, biscuits, tea and tobacco,' with the skins that once were used for clothing traded merely for 'cheap whiteman's goods.

7246: 3013: 1621:. The flame will remain lit until there is a cure for diabetes. When a cure is found, the flame will be extinguished by the researchers who discover the cure. The flame is located at Sir Frederick Banting Square in 1572:

for 1923—which he shared with Macleod—he received the Reeve Prize of the University of Toronto (1922). In 1923, the Canadian Parliament granted him a Life Annuity of $ 7,500. Following the Banting's receipt of the

1030:

while turning or diving. Another of Banting's projects during the Second World War involved using and treating mustard gas burns. Banting even tested the gas and antidotes on himself to see if they were effective.

973:

Banting and Macleod were jointly awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Banting split his half of the Prize money with Best, and Macleod split the other half of the Prize money with James Collip.

1089:

and rapidly reached a wide audience across Europe and Australia. Banting was angry at the leak, having promised the Department of the Interior not to make any statements to the press prior to clearing them.

4528: 1637:

was buried in the Sir Frederick Banting Square in 1991 to honour the 100th anniversary of Sir Frederick Banting's birth. It was buried by the International Diabetes Federation youth representatives and

4443: 493:

in the lab of Scottish physiologist John Macleod. When he and Macleod received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Banting shared the honours and award money with Best. That same year, the

703:

for the summer before his fourth year of school. The university accelerated the class by condensing the fifth year of medical school during the summer of 1916. The curriculum placed more emphasis on

644:

Banting finally passed examinations in July 1910. He stated on his application to university that he wished to be a teacher, although he also harbored aspirations of becoming a doctor. He toured the

7261: 1574: 1546: 7231: 1173:

or something else and then he would exchange it for one of his." An obituary said, "A member of the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto, he was one of Canada's most accomplished amateur painters."

7266: 7236: 1421: 1079:, a virus that had over the summer and autumn spread territory-wide, devastating the aboriginal population of the north. Returning from the trip, Banting gave an interview in Montreal with a 1474:

Banting's artwork has gained attention in the art community; A painting of his called "St. Tîte des Cap" sold for Can$ 30,000 including buyer's premium at a Canadian art auction in Toronto.

3772: 1425: 6286: 3240: 1950: 7276: 7291: 7226: 4521: 434: 3017: 7216: 7206: 6071: 4422: 667:

Banting established himself in medical school by working diligently. His roommate, Sam Graham, remembered him for studying late into the night. Besides being a successful

61: 4537: 3368: 1169:, sharing their love of the rugged Canadian landscape. Writing on Banting, Jackson recalls that "He did not want to make a business of art and would tell to go buy a 7211: 7201: 1363: 997: 1428:. The fellowship provided up to two years of funding at $ 70,000 per year to researchers in health, natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. 7241: 7191: 4514: 4427: 2746:

Tester, Frank James; McNicoll, Paule (November 2008). "A Voice of Presence: Inuit Contributions toward the Public Provision of Health Care in Canada, 1900-1930".

1140:

Banting married twice. His first marriage was to Marion Robertson in 1924; they had one child, William (1929–1998). They divorced in 1932 and Banting married

1482:

He and his insulin discovery have also been depicted in various media formats, including comic books, the biography by Michael Bliss, and on television. The

7271: 4386: 3567: 754:

who enlisted in 1916, had been impressed by Banting's work as an undergraduate and requested that he join him at the Granville Canadian Special Hospital in

6279: 3202: 1444: 501:

to continue his work. To this day, Frederick Banting, who received the Nobel Prize at age 32, remains the youngest Nobel laureate for Physiology/Medicine.

1198:, Baylot Island; Eskimo tents at Etach; others were untitled. A collection of Banting's paintings was acquired by and donated to the Owens Art Gallery at 6029: 6018: 6003: 5984: 712: 3382: 7256: 1471:

September 2007 and recommended designation of the entire property in October. The Town officially passed the designation by-law on November 12, 2007.

743: 673: 454: 146: 65: 4452: 3707: 3102: 817: 2486: 2451: 4484: 3780: 450: 3467: 7176: 7171: 6272: 6064: 3128: 1797: 1417: 1387: 7221: 7181: 6168: 4541: 4297: 4052: 4011: 3981: 3926: 1569: 1522: 786: 475: 446: 365: 242: 57: 962:. In spring of 1922, Banting established a private practice in Toronto and began to treat diabetic patients. His first American patient was 933:, professor of physiology at the University of Toronto. Macleod provided experimental facilities and the assistance of one of his students, 2628: 731: 691:, and then again in October, but was refused twice due to poor vision. In his third year of medical school Banting successfully joined the 4432: 1340: 3338: 1958: 7281: 4477: 2997: 1730: 773:, and was transferred to serve in France, arriving in June 1918. Banting's first encounter with medical service came on August 8 at the 4412: 3637: 1085:

reporter under the agreement that his statements on HBC would remain off the record. The conversation was nonetheless published in the

781:. In the lull between battles, Banting developed his knowledge of anatomy. Eager to see more active combat, he hoped to be deployed to 7286: 7251: 2977: 2608: 7186: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6057: 3416: 1831: 1443:

in 1997. The house contains a museum of the history of insulin, as well has Banting's artwork. The Banting Interpretation Centre in

1440: 1317: 692: 347: 3820: 1712: 1447:

is a museum named after him which focuses on the circumstances surrounding the 1941 plane crash which claimed his life. The crater

3510: 3129:"The Canadian Forces, Sunnybrook Hospital, and the University of Toronto Appoint the Major Banting Military Trauma Research Chair" 1044: 7196: 6380: 5901: 3936:

Banting, F. G.; Best, C. H. (2009). "The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine: Vol. VII St. Louis, February, 1922 No. 5".

1614: 1293: 1166: 934: 859: 486: 318: 131: 5094: 3039: 1277:, survived the initial impact. According to Mackey, the sole survivor, Banting died from his injuries the next day. Banting was 5917: 5182: 2669: 2304: 1598: 1245:

Graves of Frederick and Henrietta Banting at Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Decorations from visitors include rocks, candles, and an

1105:

called Banting's remarks "false and slanderous", and a month later, the governor and general manager of HBC met Banting at the

824:, to set up a medical practice. From July 1920 to May 1921, he continued his general practice, while teaching orthopedics and 6113: 4609: 1777: 1508: 735: 254: 7135: 5820: 5633: 1665: 924:; this further influenced Banting's thinking. The procedure caused deterioration of the cells of the pancreas that secrete 7122: 6296: 5992: 5844: 1823: 1758: 1692: 1483: 1309: 891: 875: 829: 304: 5541: 3069: 1787: 1406: 1379: 750:

to Britain on March 26, 1917. Shortly before departing he became engaged to Edith Roach, whom he met in 1911. Starr, an

738:. By 1915, he had definitively resolved to practice surgery, performing his first operation—the drainage of a soldier's 684: 6830: 6182: 4744: 3973: 3918: 3408: 1916: 1594: 1582: 1562: 1530: 1352: 1254: 955: 930: 479: 442: 266: 53: 45: 954:

in the late 20th century. On January 11, 1922, the first ever injection of insulin was given to 14-year-old Canadian

1273:, both of the plane's engines failed. The navigator and co-pilot died instantly, but Banting and the pilot, Captain 5521: 5302: 1911: 1639: 1345: 1106: 4352: 6865: 6109: 5262: 5078: 4830: 4806: 4601: 4206:

MacLeod, J. B. A. (2006). "Frederick G. Banting: Giving Prospects for Life from the Past to the New Millennium".

4062:

Raju, T. N. (1998). "The Nobel Chronicles. 1923: Frederick G Banting (1891–1941), John J R Macleod (1876–1935)".

2007: 1835: 1807: 661: 587: 551: 4382: 3575: 3210: 910:

of the pancreas. The challenge was to find a way to extract insulin from the pancreas prior to its destruction.

6975: 6928: 6910: 6777: 6772: 6090: 5385: 3154: 1610: 1266: 1199: 1154: 1008: 963: 959: 797: 727: 388: 1190:. The sketches, done both in oils on birch panels and in pen and ink, were named after the places he visited: 832:

in London because his medical practice had not been particularly successful. From 1921 to 1922 he lectured in

3667: 3390: 7043: 6473: 6435: 6197: 6157: 5497: 5230: 5058: 4886: 3262: 1556: 1132: 1102: 1064: 774: 708: 622: 383: 1394:, ON; Sir Frederick Banting Alternative Program Site in Ottawa, ON; Frederick Banting Elementary School in 855: 7076: 6995: 6890: 6516: 6395: 6149: 5381: 5242: 5023: 4995: 4947: 4364: 4099:

Hudson, R. P. (1979). "New light on the insulin controversy (Frederick G. Banting and J. J. R. Macleod)".

3850: 3622:

Gini-Newman, Garfield; Aitken, Bob; Eaton, Diane; Holland, Dick; Montgomery, John; Riddock, Sonia (2000).

1718: 1230: 1215: 1191: 946: 6990: 5158: 4669: 4506: 4449: 3718: 3106: 878:

on November 1, 1920, and he was therefore reading reports that other scientists had written. Research by

6420: 6355: 5425: 5401: 5102: 5015: 4971: 4935: 4822: 4786: 3493: 3475: 3449: 3430: 3362: 2713: 2493: 2459: 2309: 2036: 1702: 1488: 1459: 1367: 1313: 1207: 1184:. Later that year, they travelled to RCMP outposts in the Arctic on the Canadian government supply ship 793: 688: 657: 490: 308: 142: 6703: 5214: 5007: 3802: 1186: 746:(M.B.) and reported for military duty the next day. After being promoted to lieutenant, he sailed from 6511: 6365: 836:

at the University of Toronto. He received his M.D. degree in 1922, and was also awarded a gold medal.

7166: 7161: 7033: 6650: 6531: 6458: 6448: 5525: 5509: 5453: 5314: 5074: 5070: 5062: 3859: 3743: 3103:"The First Recipient of the Major Sir Frederick Banting MC, RCAMC Award for Military Health Research" 2037:"Canada rewards Banting's service. Young physician will receive $ 7,500 yearly from federal treasury" 1617:

in 1989 as a tribute to Dr. Frederick Grant Banting and all the people that have lost their lives to

1494: 1270: 967: 899: 778: 747: 518: 494: 3132: 509: 6936: 6698: 6678: 6488: 6350: 6340: 6264: 5893: 5828: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5609: 5549: 5513: 5473: 5362: 5226: 4979: 4732: 4629: 4617: 4573: 1371: 921: 887: 777:. Severals days were spent tending to and dressing the wounded on the front lines, in effect, as a 564: 4340: 4326: 1850:. 2021 marks the centenary of Dr. Banting's co-discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto. 1405:

The "Major Sir Frederick Banting, MC, RCAMC Award for Military Health Research", sponsored by the

7096: 7038: 6900: 6728: 6713: 6693: 6683: 6668: 6592: 6370: 5977: 5973: 5716: 5605: 5485: 5445: 5429: 5346: 5330: 5258: 5019: 5003: 4874: 4842: 4802: 4498: 4260: 4087: 3896: 3867: 2816: 2787: 2763: 1839: 1540: 1177: 1019: 813: 704: 683:, Banting, along with most Canadian men, sought to enlist in the army. He attempted to enter the 150: 6468: 6022: 3176: 2624: 1355:, was created in 1925 and provides funding to support health and biomedical research in Canada. 606: 7028: 6688: 6645: 6559: 6536: 6410: 6330: 6133: 6033: 6011: 5860: 5856: 5812: 5736: 5637: 5593: 5573: 5557: 5545: 5501: 5469: 5417: 5342: 5210: 5198: 5146: 4955: 4894: 4858: 4645: 4293: 4281: 4252: 4223: 4194: 4159: 4116: 4079: 4048: 4007: 3977: 3953: 3922: 3412: 3346: 3319: 2973: 2808: 2604: 2579: 2571: 1736: 1706: 1141: 1012: 575: 534: 421: 203: 2993: 7101: 7053: 7013: 6855: 6815: 6805: 6741: 6655: 6587: 6430: 6405: 6390: 5969: 5957: 5949: 5933: 5921: 5832: 5681: 5645: 5617: 5561: 5437: 5254: 5126: 5098: 4987: 4814: 4778: 4752: 4557: 4408: 4377: 4244: 4215: 4184: 4149: 4141: 4108: 4071: 3945: 3888: 3645: 3597: 3405:

In the National Interest: A Chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989

3309: 3301: 2926: 2918: 2862: 2800: 2755: 2561: 1989: 1754: 1536: 1448: 1395: 1359: 1262: 1219: 1203: 248: 119: 2625:

Canada's Aerospace Medicine Pioneers – World War II Jump-Starts Aviation Medicine in Canada

1766:, highly prestigious award for the best researchers in Canada, valued at $ 70,000 per year. 1370:; Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre located on Sir Frederick Banting Driveway in the 1225:

At the time of his death in 1941, Banting was one of Canada's best-known amateur painters.

7048: 7018: 6985: 6954: 6825: 6782: 6746: 6635: 6607: 6577: 6567: 6506: 6360: 5996: 5988: 5945: 5941: 5905: 5877: 5836: 5804: 5752: 5629: 5533: 5493: 5393: 5358: 5354: 5322: 5174: 5138: 4943: 4794: 4637: 4456: 4416: 4390: 3001: 2632: 1801: 1724: 1622: 1503: 1391: 1274: 1258: 1076: 1018:

During the Second World War he investigated the problems of aviators, such as "blackout" (

987: 917: 883: 879: 821: 716: 591: 556: 546: 538: 6967: 5270: 2677: 2054: 4401: 3863: 2946: 2522: 2452:"Certificate granting F.G. Banting license to practice medicine, surgery, and midwifery" 1007:

In 1938, Banting's interest in aviation medicine resulted in his participation with the

820:. Banting was unable to gain a place on the hospital staff and so he decided to move to 7058: 6949: 6918: 6905: 6885: 6875: 6810: 6792: 6736: 6630: 6625: 6597: 6572: 6541: 6453: 6440: 6415: 6385: 6375: 5889: 5816: 5796: 5772: 5748: 5732: 5693: 5689: 5621: 5597: 5461: 5457: 5413: 5397: 5310: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5050: 4902: 4850: 4728: 4661: 4248: 4154: 4129: 4001: 3949: 3601: 3314: 3289: 3131:(Press release). National Defence and the Canadian Forces. July 3, 2021. Archived from 2931: 2906: 2867: 2850: 1696: 1552: 1329: 805: 755: 720: 696: 668: 542: 459: 438: 403: 260: 49: 17: 4272:

Todhunter, E. N. (1953). "Frederick G. Banting, November 14, 1891–February 22, 1941".

4075: 2487:"Certificate from the University of Toronto granting F. G. Banting the degree of M.D." 1118:

Banting also maintained this position in his report to the Department of the Interior:

982: 7155: 7127: 7117: 7109: 7091: 7086: 7071: 7008: 6941: 6895: 6880: 6860: 6840: 6820: 6787: 6718: 6673: 6660: 6617: 6612: 6546: 6526: 6425: 6400: 6322: 6037: 5885: 5852: 5764: 5669: 5569: 5338: 5326: 5290: 5238: 5218: 5190: 5166: 5150: 5118: 5086: 4963: 4653: 4597: 3965: 3908: 3900: 3539: 3047: 2767: 2598: 1993: 1847: 1827: 1763: 1642: 1499: 1463: 1436: 1321: 1286: 1170: 1162: 1158: 1111: 1060: 1048: 700: 645: 526: 514: 467: 99: 4292:

Les caprices du Nobel by William Rostène, ed. L'Harmattan (Paris), 2013 (in French)

4264: 4091: 2298: 6980: 6923: 6800: 6767: 6759: 6754: 6582: 6554: 6521: 6483: 6317: 6312: 6007: 5961: 5909: 5800: 5776: 5760: 5740: 5585: 5441: 5409: 5286: 5202: 5186: 5170: 5134: 5122: 5110: 4866: 4854: 4834: 4713: 4705: 4621: 4446: – NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre 3845: 1830:

for those with long-term contribution to diabetes research and treatment. In 1991,

1634: 1462:" in late 2003, controversy rose over the future use of the Banting family farm in 1246: 1211: 1081: 938: 913: 833: 825: 574:

In his late teenage years, Banting grew into a tall man with engagements in school

294: 2566: 2549: 75: 3912: 707:

and trauma; a lecture dedicated to the treatment of diabetes derived itself from

7140: 7063: 6959: 6870: 6850: 6845: 6835: 6723: 6493: 6463: 6345: 6122: 6098: 6081: 5873: 5788: 5784: 5697: 5673: 5581: 5246: 5042: 4959: 4589: 4581: 4565: 1851: 1590: 1226: 1072: 904: 800:

in 1918. He witnessed much of the battle's brutality. When a German entered his

770: 751: 680: 533:. He was the youngest of five children of William Thompson Banting, a farmer in 463: 378: 4219: 4112: 2804: 1253:

In February 1941, Banting died of wounds and exposure following the crash of a

7081: 7023: 7000: 6708: 6501: 5724: 4983: 4931: 4878: 3821:"Commemorative stamp marks 100th anniversary of U of T's discovery of insulin" 3090: 1195: 766: 6049: 4041: 3468:"Winners named for Reeve prize: F.G. Banting and C.H. Best are Granted Award" 3450:"Citation to F. G. Banting and J. J. R. Macleod accompanying the Nobel Prize" 2812: 2575: 1344:

Oil painting of Banting in 1925 by Tibor Polya, now in the possession of the

582:

teams. Both his mother and father hoped that he would find a vocation in the

549:, popularised a weight-loss diet in 1864, and the word "Banting" entered the 6640: 6602: 6478: 5925: 5477: 2796: 1811: 1578: 1399: 1325: 1001: 583: 4285: 4256: 4227: 4198: 4163: 3892: 3879:

Best, C. H. (November 1, 1942). "Frederick Grant Banting 1891–1941".

3323: 2583: 1688:

Sir Frederick Banting received honorary degrees from several universities:

808:

owing to his "exceptional bravery while attending the wounded under fire."

4462:

The Discovery and Early Development of Insulin Digital Collection, Toronto

4396: 4083: 3957: 2517: 874:. Banting had to give a talk on the pancreas to one of his classes at the 5720: 4405:

including the Nobel Lecture on September 15, 1925, "Diabetes and Insulin"

4120: 1791: 1618: 1586: 1383: 996:

the Hospital for Sick Children, and the Toronto Western Hospital. At the

916:

published an article in 1920 which described experimental closure of the

871: 867: 801: 762: 649: 579: 530: 4145: 3305: 2922: 2820: 2782: 2759: 1781: 1526: 1297: 1027: 951: 925: 895: 894:, and others suggested that diabetes resulted from a lack of a protein 850: 782: 739: 653: 498: 471: 163: 4461: 4323:

University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services

541:

manager. The Bantings were a financially stable family of British and

4189: 4172: 3871: 2714:"Men and books: Memories of a fellow artist, Frederick Grant Banting" 1843: 1589:

and became an active vice-president of the Diabetic Association (now

1375: 1282: 1181: 1023: 907: 4130:"Sir Frederick Banting homestead sold to developer, family outraged" 3290:"Sir Frederick Banting homestead sold to developer, family outraged" 1625:, Canada beside the Banting House National Historic Site of Canada. 1320:. When the final votes were counted, Banting finished fourth behind 730:. Under the guidance of Clarence L. Starr, the chief surgeon at the 525:

Banting was born on November 14, 1891, in his family's farmhouse in

4438: 1416:

The Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship Program is administered by the

758:. On May 2, 1917, Banting assumed a position as Starr's assistant. 2947:"ASN Aircraft accident 20-FEB-1941 Lockheed Hudson Mark III T9449" 1339: 1240: 1233:, views Banting's works as very much "part of the Jackson story". 1131: 1043: 981: 854: 595: 508: 4423:

CBC Digital Archives – Chasing a Cure for Diabetes

3773:"Graeme Bell Wins Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award" 3105:. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. Archived from 1452: 761:

For thirteen months, Banting assisted Starr, a pioneer of nerve

555:

as its description. His mother's relatives, the Grants, were of

545:

origin. Banting's distant relative, the London-based undertaker

6268: 6053: 4510: 4428:

Simcoe County Archives – "Sir Frederick Banting"

1980:"Frederick Grant Banting (1891–1941) Codiscoverer of Insulin". 1202:

in 1928. Jackson and Banting also made painting expeditions to

3848:(May 1941). "Frederick Grant Banting, Discoverer of Insulin". 1652: 742:—next winter. On December 9, 1916, Banting graduated with his 36: 7247:

Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

4173:"Frederick Banting – Nobel Laureate for Discovery of Insulin" 2670:"1925-1949, Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories" 1575:

Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh

1547:

Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh

1439:, his former home located in London, Ontario, was declared a 1362:, given by an expert in diabetes, and by the creation of the 1026:

to stop pilots from blacking out when they were subjected to

1071:

were responsible for spreading the influenza virus down the

590:

in 1909, but repeated English and was required to undertake

458:(November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian 3207:

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

1455:

is also named after him for his contributions to medicine.

1422:

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

3494:"Certificate granting F. G. Banting the title of K. B. E." 2992:

National Defence Canada, Canadian Forces Health Services.

1498:

depicted the search for insulin by Banting and Best, with

1022:). He also helped Wilbur Franks with the invention of the 4450:

Frederick Banting Papers, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

4409:

Ontario Plaques – The Discovery of Insulin

4032:

Banting's miracle; the story of the discoverer of insulin

2890:. Vol. 1. National Gallery of Canada. Archived from 1426:

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

1229:, the former director of Collections and Research at the 628:

Banting (left), aged 9 or 10, and his brother, Thompson,

2724:: 1077–1084 – via University of Toronto Libraries. 1063:, Banting realized that crew or passengers on board the 726:

Banting's fourth year was committed to clinical work at

586:

ministry. He passed physics and chemistry during junior

2668:

Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Yellowknife.

2450:

Royal College of Physicians of London (July 25, 1918).

1669: 1506:

boarding his fatal flight in the 2006 historical drama

474:

and its therapeutic potential, Banting was awarded the

3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 2299:"Biography of Sir Frederick Grant Banting (1891-1941)" 2146: 2144: 2107: 2105: 2092: 2090: 2088: 1645:. It will be exhumed if a cure for diabetes is found. 1176:

In 1927, he made a sketching trip with Jackson to the

937:. Banting and Best, with the assistance of biochemist 4439:

World Diabetes Day on Banting's Birthday, November 14

699:, then promoted to sergeant. He trained at a camp at 7262:

Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Canada

3157:(Press release). Sunnybrook Foundation. July 4, 2012 3072:. Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. January 1994 2994:

History and Heritage. Chapter IV: Heroes and Honours

816:

medicine and, in 1919–1920, was Resident Surgeon at

7232:

Academic staff of the University of Western Ontario

6167: 6148: 6132: 6108: 6089: 5707: 5372: 5033: 4769: 4548: 4347: 4334: 4319: 414: 399: 371: 361: 353: 341: 314: 300: 290: 225: 169: 158: 137: 127: 107: 85: 34: 7267:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1941 7237:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 4235:Elliot, J. C. (2004). "Banting – a Nobel artist". 4040: 3511:"List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 – 2007" 1894: 1892: 1890: 1577:in 1927, Banting gave the 1928 Cameron Lecture in 1502:starring as Banting. Banting is also portrayed by 1312:. In 2004, he was nominated as one of the top 10 " 4433:Famous Canadian Physicians: Sir Frederick Banting 2303:The Discovery and Early Development of Insulin – 1136:Banting and Marion Robertson on their wedding day 941:, began the production of insulin by this means. 903:because of the destruction of the insulin by the 521:, with a commemorative plaque from the government 27:Canadian medical scientist and doctor (1891–1941) 3881:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 3263:"Banting House National Historic Site of Canada" 3233:"Banting House National Historic Site of Canada" 2674:Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories 715:, who recommended that diabetics be placed on a 3448:Royal Karolinska Institute (October 25, 1923). 2907:"The determined painter: Sir Frederick Banting" 1364:Banting and Best Department of Medical Research 1281:to England to conduct operational tests on the 3744:"McGill University Honorary Degree Recipients" 3431:"Nobel Prize medal inscribed to F. G. Banting" 3239:. Parks Canada. March 15, 2012. Archived from 734:, Banting gained training as an undergraduate 660:, where he entered the General Arts course at 6280: 6065: 4522: 1358:Banting's name is immortalized in the yearly 8: 4274:Journal of the American Dietetic Association 3492:Order of the British Empire (June 4, 1934). 3367:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3337:Banting, Peter M., Dr. (November 23, 2007). 796:, where Banting served, were engaged at the 7292:Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 7227:Academic staff of the University of Toronto 3626:(2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Ryerson School. 1982:Journal of the American Medical Association 1445:Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador 687:on August 16, 1914, the day after Canada's 6287: 6273: 6265: 6072: 6058: 6050: 4529: 4515: 4507: 4466: 4400: 4339: 4325: 4316: 4307: 3237:Directory of Federal Heritage Designations 3203:"Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships Program" 3070:"Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre" 2851:"Frederick Banting and the Group of Seven" 2521: 1912:"Sir Frederick Grant Banting | RCP Museum" 1004:, cancer, and the mechanisms of drowning. 74: 31: 7217:Canadian recipients of the Military Cross 7207:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine 4188: 4153: 3339:"The Banting Homestead is now protected!" 3313: 2970:The Maw: Searching for the Hudson Bombers 2949:. Aviation-safety.net. September 19, 2013 2930: 2866: 2712:Jackson, Alexander Young (May 15, 1965). 2565: 1757:, annual lecture series organized by the 1597:. In 2004, Banting was inducted into the 7277:Governor General's Horse Guards officers 3803:"Sir Frederick Banting's 125th Birthday" 3668:"Honorary Degrees Awarded, 1881–present" 2603:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 537:, and Margaret Grant, the daughter of a 4444:1928 A.Y. Jackson and Frederick Banting 4310: 3708:"Banting, Frederick Grant, Sir, Papers" 2884:"Banting, F. G. (Frederick Grant), Sir" 1862: 1308:In 1994, Banting was inducted into the 237: 7212:Members of the United Church of Canada 7202:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada 3562: 3560: 3360: 2485:University of Toronto (June 9, 1922). 1869: 1798:Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School 1418:Canadian Institutes of Health Research 1398:QC and École Banting Middle School in 1388:Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School 966:, daughter of U.S. Secretary of State 7242:Canadian fellows of the Royal Society 7192:Canadian Expeditionary Force officers 4542:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 3487: 3485: 3345:. GlobalGenealogy.com. Archived from 2844: 2842: 2833: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2655: 2643: 2548:Rosenfeld, Louis (December 1, 2002). 2535: 2472: 2437: 2413: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2293: 2291: 2282: 2270: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2222: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2162: 2150: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2096: 2079: 1937: 1881: 1846:celebrated his 125th birthday with a 1570:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1523:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 787:Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force 476:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 243:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 7: 4383:Banting House National Historic Site 4134:Canadian Medical Association Journal 3294:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2911:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2855:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2718:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2550:"Insulin: Discovery and Controversy" 2425: 2035:Toronto Daily Star (June 28, 1923). 2030: 2028: 1898: 4374:Works by or about Frederick Banting 4171:Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R. A. (2005). 3544:Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online 3429:Royal Karolinska Institute (1923). 3389:. November 20, 2006. Archived from 2849:Wilton, Peter (November 16, 1999). 1957:. February 24, 2015. Archived from 1731:University of the State of New York 1346:National Portrait Gallery of Canada 1292:Banting and his wife are buried at 1101:The fur trade commissioner for the 4249:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06494.x 3950:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1987.tb07442.x 3177:"Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships" 1040:Statements on Hudson's Bay Company 676:, Banting specialised in surgery. 25: 3568:"Sir Frederick G. Banting Square" 3269:. Parks Canada. November 23, 1997 3155:"Military research chair awarded" 3014:"Mount Pleasant Cemetery Website" 1832:International Diabetes Federation 1318:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1059:During his 1927 Arctic trip with 693:Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps 348:Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps 7257:20th-century Canadian scientists 4237:The Medical Journal of Australia 2905:Fraser, Lynn (October 5, 2010). 2888:A Dictionary of Canadian Artists 1994:10.1001/jama.1966.03110190142041 1656: 1615:Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother 1593:). In May 1935 he was elected a 1441:National Historic Site of Canada 1261:in which he was a passenger, in 1167:Arts and Letters Club of Toronto 621: 605: 420: 192: 7272:Governor General's Horse Guards 3497:University of Toronto Libraries 3472:University of Toronto Libraries 3454:University of Toronto Libraries 3435:University of Toronto Libraries 3209:. June 28, 2016. Archived from 2968:Stevens, James (July 6, 2006). 2781:Root-Bernstein, Robert (2006). 2748:Social History/Histoire Sociale 2490:University of Toronto Libraries 2456:University of Toronto Libraries 2305:University of Toronto Libraries 2041:University of Toronto Libraries 1599:National Inventors Hall of Fame 1563:Fellowship of the Royal Society 1486:produced a short film in 1958, 952:genetically engineered bacteria 851:Insulin § History of study 695:in 1915 and was commissioned a 212: 188: 4435:at Library and Archives Canada 3540:"Banting, Sir Frederick Grant" 3474:. October 1922. Archived from 1854:issued a commemorative stamp. 1778:Banting and Best Public School 818:The Hospital for Sick Children 255:Cameron Prize for Therapeutics 1: 7177:Scientists from Simcoe County 7172:Physicians from Simcoe County 6297:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame 4076:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61319-0 4006:. Fitzhenry & Whiteside. 4000:Shaw, Margaret Mason (1976). 3675:University of Western Ontario 3642:Canadian Diabetes Association 3572:Canadian Diabetes Association 3288:Fletcher, K. (June 5, 2007). 2996:. Retrieved January 3, 2012. 2627:. Retrieved January 3, 2012. 1824:American Diabetes Association 1759:American Diabetes Association 1693:University of Western Ontario 1492:. The 1988 television movie 1484:National Film Board of Canada 1310:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame 1000:, he focused his research on 947:William Davies slaughterhouse 876:University of Western Ontario 870:piqued Banting's interest in 866:An article he read about the 830:University of Western Ontario 648:for the summer, traveling to 629: 613: 305:University of Western Ontario 7222:University of Toronto alumni 7182:Canadian medical researchers 4365:How to use archival material 3771:Wood, Matt (June 19, 2013). 3092:Retrieved November 29, 2012. 2972:. Trafford. pp. 41–43. 2783:"Frederick Banting, Painter" 1838:(WHO) made his birthday the 1788:Banting Memorial High School 1407:True Patriot Love Foundation 1380:Banting Memorial High School 685:Canadian Expeditionary Force 7136:Marie-Marguerite d'Youville 5634:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 4101:Annals of Internal Medicine 3974:University of Toronto Press 3919:University of Toronto Press 3409:University of Toronto Press 3044:Banting Research Foundation 2567:10.1093/clinchem/48.12.2270 1955:Library and Archives Canada 1917:Royal College of Physicians 1808:École Banting Middle School 1595:Fellow of the Royal Society 1583:Order of the British Empire 1353:Banting Research Foundation 1285:developed by his colleague 1255:Lockheed L-14 Super Electra 1039: 497:granted Banting a lifetime 431:Sir Frederick Grant Banting 267:Fellow of the Royal Society 7308: 7282:Writers from Simcoe County 4415:December 22, 2015, at the 4220:10.1001/archsurg.141.7.705 4113:10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-311 3624:Canada: A Nation Unfolding 2805:10.1162/leon.2006.39.2.154 1640:Governor General of Canada 1568:Prior to the award of the 998:Banting and Best Institute 848: 732:Hospital for Sick Children 656:, before enrolling at the 588:matriculation examinations 489:, isolated insulin at the 470:. For his co-discovery of 122:, Dominion of Newfoundland 7287:People from New Tecumseth 7252:Canadian military doctors 6866:Jonathan Campbell Meakins 6303: 6192: 4831:Charles Scott Sherrington 4807:Frederick Gowland Hopkins 4495: 4482: 4474: 4469: 4389:January 17, 2021, at the 4021:Stevenson, Lloyd (1946). 2631:October 13, 2014, at the 2008:"Frederick Grant Banting" 1951:"Frederick Grant Banting" 1836:World Health Organization 1613:" was lit by Her Majesty 640:College and service years 552:Oxford English Dictionary 517:, is preserved under the 485:Banting and his student, 419: 410: 336: 332: 328: 324: 283: 279: 73: 7187:Canadian Nobel laureates 6976:Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg 6911:William Thornton Mustard 6778:Charles Philippe Leblond 5821:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 4470:Awards and achievements 4353:Frederick Banting papers 3970:The Discovery of Insulin 2600:The Discovery of Insulin 2526:, accessed 30 April 2020 2055:"Nobel Laureates by Age" 1842:. On November 14, 2016, 1351:Banting's namesake, the 1200:Mount Allison University 1165:, fellow members of the 1067:(HBC) paddle wheeler SS 1009:Royal Canadian Air Force 964:Elizabeth Hughes Gossett 960:Toronto General Hospital 728:Toronto General Hospital 529:, two miles from nearby 7197:Canadian diabetologists 6474:William Arthur Cochrane 6158:Robert Andrews Millikan 4455:March 14, 2012, at the 4177:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 3991:Jackson, A. Y. (1943). 3823:. University of Toronto 2623:Canadian Space Agency. 2597:Bliss, Michael (1982). 1557:Royal Society of Canada 1458:During the voting for " 1294:Mount Pleasant Cemetery 1269:. After departing from 709:Frederick Madison Allen 132:Mount Pleasant Cemetery 18:Frederick Grant Banting 7077:Lucille Teasdale-Corti 6891:Frederick Montizambert 6396:Wilfred Gordon Bigelow 6198:Nobel Prize recipients 6169:Physiology or Medicine 4602:Santiago Ramón y Cajal 4039:Walters, Eric (2005). 4030:Harris, Seale (1946). 3893:10.1098/rsbm.1942.0003 3851:The Scientific Monthly 1719:University of Michigan 1348: 1250: 1231:Art Gallery of Ontario 1137: 1125: 1056: 1051:and Banting on the SS 992: 991:cover, August 27, 1923 863: 612:The Banting children, 522: 515:Essa Township, Ontario 6125:(Republic of Ireland) 5103:Dickinson W. Richards 4787:Julius Wagner-Jauregg 4128:Fletcher, K. (2007). 4023:Sir Frederick Banting 3638:"History of Diabetes" 3393:on November 28, 2007. 3000:May 23, 2013, at the 2310:University of Toronto 1703:University of Toronto 1525:for the discovery of 1413:the Surgeon General. 1368:University of Toronto 1343: 1244: 1208:Northwest Territories 1135: 1120: 1047: 985: 858: 794:4th Canadian Division 713:Rockefeller Institute 658:University of Toronto 512: 491:University of Toronto 354:Years of service 309:University of Toronto 143:University of Toronto 7034:F. Estelle R. Simons 6532:Charles George Drake 6459:Harvey Max Chochinov 5526:Rita Levi-Montalcini 4887:Albert Szent-Györgyi 3993:Banting as an Artist 3917:. Toronto, Ontario: 3914:Banting: A Biography 3809:. November 14, 2016. 3349:on December 25, 2011 3243:on September 4, 2015 3213:on November 14, 2016 3181:Government of Canada 3020:on November 12, 2018 2882:MacDonald, Colin S. 1670:adding missing items 1495:Glory Enough for All 1316:" by viewers of the 1271:Gander, Newfoundland 1194:, Ellesmere Island; 1103:Hudson's Bay Company 1065:Hudson's Bay Company 968:Charles Evans Hughes 900:islets of Langerhans 862:and Banting, c. 1924 845:Isolation of insulin 792:The 44th Battalion, 779:general practitioner 744:Bachelor of Medicine 519:Ontario Heritage Act 513:The Banting farm in 495:government of Canada 191: 1924; 6991:Jean-Lucien Rouleau 6679:Emmett Matthew Hall 6489:Douglas Harold Copp 6351:Charles Thomas Beer 6341:Henry J. M. Barnett 6295:Inductees into the 5918:William C. Campbell 5829:Elizabeth Blackburn 5666:Robert F. Furchgott 5658:Stanley B. Prusiner 5650:Rolf M. Zinkernagel 5550:George H. Hitchings 5514:Joseph L. Goldstein 5474:Bengt I. Samuelsson 5303:Earl Sutherland Jr. 4338:MS COLL 00076 4208:Archives of Surgery 4146:10.1503/cmaj.070613 3864:1941SciMo..52..472C 3715:Library.utoronto.ca 3598:"Frederick Banting" 3578:on January 17, 2021 3306:10.1503/cmaj.070613 3183:. February 22, 2013 3050:on October 10, 2016 2923:10.1503/cmaj.101232 2680:on December 5, 2018 1988:(6): 660–61. 1966. 674:Faculty of Medicine 565:inferiority complex 7097:Sir Charles Tupper 7039:Duncan G. Sinclair 6901:Thomas John Murray 6729:Charles B. Huggins 6714:Charles Hollenberg 6694:Donald Olding Hebb 6684:Judith Goslin Hall 6669:Vladimir Hachinski 6593:John G. FitzGerald 6371:Michel G. Bergeron 5978:William Kaelin Jr. 5974:Peter J. Ratcliffe 5717:Leland H. Hartwell 5606:Richard J. Roberts 5486:Barbara McClintock 5430:Godfrey Hounsfield 5331:Nikolaas Tinbergen 5263:Marshall Nirenberg 5231:Charles B. Huggins 5020:Tadeusz Reichstein 5008:António Egas Moniz 4803:Christiaan Eijkman 4499:David Lloyd George 4478:Earl of Birkenhead 4399:on Nobelprize.org 3343:The Global Gazette 2760:10.1353/his.0.0034 2554:Clinical Chemistry 2520:on Nobelprize.org 1940:, p. 214–215. 1840:World Diabetes Day 1806:British Columbia: 1713:Queen's University 1668:; you can help by 1541:Franklin Institute 1516:Awards and honours 1478:Portrayals in film 1460:Greatest Canadians 1349: 1314:Greatest Canadians 1283:Franks flying suit 1251: 1178:St. Lawrence River 1138: 1057: 1013:Eglinton Hunt Club 993: 864: 705:surgical procedure 689:declaration of war 523: 7149: 7148: 7029:Louis Siminovitch 6689:Michael R. Hayden 6646:Richard Goldbloom 6560:John Robert Evans 6537:Daniel J. Drucker 6411:Adolfo J. de Bold 6336:Frederick Banting 6331:Elizabeth Bagshaw 6262: 6261: 6177:Frederick Banting 6047: 6046: 6012:Ardem Patapoutian 5861:Ralph M. Steinman 5857:Jules A. Hoffmann 5845:Robert G. Edwards 5813:Harald zur Hausen 5737:H. Robert Horvitz 5638:Eric F. Wieschaus 5574:E. Donnall Thomas 5558:J. Michael Bishop 5546:Gertrude B. Elion 5418:Hamilton O. Smith 5343:Christian de Duve 5079:Frederick Robbins 4956:Alexander Fleming 4895:Corneille Heymans 4741:Frederick Banting 4646:Allvar Gullstrand 4505: 4504: 4496:Succeeded by 4397:Frederick Banting 4370: 4369: 4359: 4358: 4298:978-2-343-01844-7 4054:978-0-14-301641-0 4047:. Puffin Canada. 4013:978-0-88902-229-4 4003:Frederick Banting 3983:978-0-8020-8344-9 3938:Nutrition Reviews 3928:978-0-8020-7387-7 3751:McGill University 3724:on March 14, 2012 3648:on March 29, 2017 3478:on June 29, 2020. 3267:HistoricPlaces.ca 2917:(14): E702–E704. 2560:(12): 2270–2288. 2518:Frederick Banting 2496:on July 31, 2020. 2462:on July 31, 2020. 2368:, p. 29, 36. 2213:, p. 24, 26. 2165:, p. 19, 21. 1961:on April 20, 2016 1744:Honorific eponyms 1737:McGill University 1699:) on May 30, 1924 1686: 1685: 1107:King Edward Hotel 1035:Public statements 828:part-time at the 798:Battle of Cambrai 428: 427: 389:Battle of Cambrai 285:Scientific career 111:February 21, 1941 96:November 14, 1891 41:Frederick Banting 16:(Redirected from 7299: 7102:D. Lorne Tyrrell 7054:Bette Stephenson 7014:Robert B. Salter 6937:Annette O'Connor 6856:Joseph B. Martin 6816:Walter Mackenzie 6806:Ernest McCulloch 6742:David J. Jenkins 6656:Wilfred Grenfell 6588:C. Miller Fisher 6512:Thomas A. Dignan 6431:G. Malcolm Brown 6406:Stephen Blizzard 6391:John Bienenstock 6366:Philip B. Berger 6289: 6282: 6275: 6266: 6200: 6074: 6067: 6060: 6051: 6040: 6025: 6014: 5999: 5993:Michael Houghton 5980: 5970:Gregg L. Semenza 5964: 5958:James P. Allison 5952: 5950:Michael W. Young 5936: 5934:Yoshinori Ohsumi 5928: 5912: 5896: 5894:Thomas C. Südhof 5880: 5868: 5847: 5839: 5833:Carol W. Greider 5823: 5807: 5791: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5727: 5700: 5684: 5676: 5660: 5652: 5646:Peter C. Doherty 5640: 5624: 5618:Alfred G. Gilman 5612: 5600: 5588: 5576: 5564: 5562:Harold E. Varmus 5552: 5536: 5528: 5516: 5504: 5488: 5480: 5464: 5448: 5438:Baruj Benacerraf 5432: 5420: 5404: 5388: 5365: 5349: 5333: 5317: 5305: 5297: 5281: 5265: 5255:Robert W. Holley 5249: 5233: 5221: 5205: 5193: 5177: 5161: 5159:Georg von Békésy 5153: 5141: 5129: 5127:Joshua Lederberg 5113: 5105: 5099:Werner Forssmann 5089: 5081: 5065: 5053: 5045: 5026: 5010: 4998: 4990: 4988:Bernardo Houssay 4974: 4966: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4905: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4869: 4861: 4845: 4837: 4825: 4817: 4815:Karl Landsteiner 4809: 4797: 4789: 4781: 4779:Johannes Fibiger 4762: 4761: 4755: 4753:Willem Einthoven 4747: 4735: 4723: 4722: 4716: 4708: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4632: 4624: 4618:Élie Metchnikoff 4612: 4610:Alphonse Laveran 4604: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4508: 4493:August 27, 1923 4475:Preceded by 4467: 4404: 4378:Internet Archive 4355: 4343: 4330: 4329: 4317: 4308: 4289: 4268: 4231: 4202: 4192: 4190:10.4065/80.5.576 4167: 4157: 4124: 4095: 4058: 4046: 4035: 4026: 4025:. Ryerson Press. 4017: 3996: 3995:. Ryerson Press. 3987: 3972:(3rd ed.). 3961: 3932: 3904: 3875: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3783:on July 31, 2020 3779:. Archived from 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3748: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3723: 3717:. Archived from 3712: 3704: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3672: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3644:. Archived from 3634: 3628: 3627: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3574:. Archived from 3564: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3515: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3489: 3480: 3479: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3426: 3420: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3383:"Auction Result" 3379: 3373: 3372: 3366: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3046:. Archived from 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3016:. Archived from 3010: 3004: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2894:on May 24, 2013. 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2846: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2743: 2726: 2725: 2709: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2676:. Archived from 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2569: 2545: 2539: 2538:, p. 51–52. 2533: 2527: 2525: 2515: 2498: 2497: 2492:. Archived from 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2458:. Archived from 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2416:, p. 40–41. 2411: 2405: 2404:, p. 38–39. 2399: 2393: 2392:, p. 37–38. 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2356:, p. 35–36. 2351: 2345: 2344:, p. 34–35. 2339: 2333: 2332:, p. 33–34. 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2295: 2286: 2285:, p. 32–33. 2280: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2261:, p. 28–29. 2256: 2250: 2249:, p. 27–28. 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2225:, p. 25–26. 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2177:, p. 20–21. 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2139: 2138:, p. 19–20. 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2100: 2094: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2061:. Nobel Media AB 2051: 2045: 2044: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2012:Oxford Reference 2004: 1998: 1997: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1822:Since 1941, the 1755:Banting Lectures 1681: 1678: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1649:Honorary degrees 1537:John Scott Medal 1509:Above and Beyond 1372:Tunney's Pasture 1360:Banting Lectures 1263:Musgrave Harbour 1220:Sudbury District 1204:Great Slave Lake 1097: 956:Leonard Thompson 898:secreted by the 840:Medical research 775:Battle of Amiens 679:At the onset of 662:Victoria College 631: 625: 615: 609: 457: 424: 384:Battle of Amiens 343: 315:Notable students 249:John Scott Medal 234: 216: 214: 196: 194: 190: 178:Marion Robertson 154: 120:Musgrave Harbour 114: 95: 93: 78: 68: 32: 21: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7049:Nahum Sonenberg 7019:Charles Scriver 6986:Noralou P. Roos 6955:Wilder Penfield 6826:David MacLennan 6783:Maurice LeClair 6747:Harold E. Johns 6704:Félix d'Herelle 6636:Gustave Gingras 6608:Armand Frappier 6578:William Feindel 6568:Ray Farquharson 6507:Naranjan Dhalla 6469:Michel Chrétien 6449:Elaine A. Carty 6361:Bernard Belleau 6299: 6293: 6263: 6258: 6196: 6188: 6185:(Great Britain) 6163: 6160:(United States) 6144: 6128: 6104: 6085: 6078: 6048: 6043: 6028: 6017: 6002: 5997:Charles M. Rice 5989:Harvey J. Alter 5983: 5967: 5955: 5946:Michael Rosbash 5942:Jeffrey C. Hall 5939: 5931: 5915: 5906:May-Britt Moser 5899: 5883: 5878:Shinya Yamanaka 5871: 5850: 5842: 5837:Jack W. Szostak 5826: 5810: 5805:Oliver Smithies 5794: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5753:Peter Mansfield 5746: 5741:John E. Sulston 5730: 5714: 5703: 5687: 5679: 5663: 5655: 5643: 5630:Edward B. Lewis 5627: 5615: 5603: 5591: 5579: 5567: 5555: 5539: 5534:Susumu Tonegawa 5531: 5519: 5507: 5491: 5483: 5467: 5451: 5435: 5423: 5407: 5394:Roger Guillemin 5391: 5386:Daniel Gajdusek 5382:Baruch Blumberg 5379: 5368: 5359:Renato Dulbecco 5355:David Baltimore 5352: 5336: 5323:Karl von Frisch 5320: 5308: 5300: 5284: 5268: 5252: 5243:Haldan Hartline 5236: 5224: 5208: 5196: 5180: 5175:Maurice Wilkins 5164: 5156: 5144: 5139:Arthur Kornberg 5132: 5116: 5108: 5092: 5084: 5068: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5029: 5013: 5001: 4993: 4977: 4969: 4953: 4944:Joseph Erlanger 4941: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4872: 4864: 4848: 4840: 4828: 4820: 4812: 4800: 4795:Charles Nicolle 4792: 4784: 4776: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4711: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4643: 4638:Albrecht Kossel 4635: 4627: 4615: 4607: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4563: 4555: 4544: 4535: 4501: 4492: 4480: 4457:Wayback Machine 4417:Wayback Machine 4391:Wayback Machine 4351: 4324: 4306: 4271: 4234: 4205: 4170: 4140:(12): 1691–92. 4127: 4098: 4061: 4055: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4014: 3999: 3990: 3984: 3964: 3935: 3929: 3907: 3878: 3844: 3841: 3839:Further reading 3836: 3826: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3491: 3490: 3483: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3402: 3398: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3359: 3352: 3350: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3300:(12): 1691–92. 3287: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3135:on May 24, 2013 3127: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3109:on May 23, 2013 3101: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3002:Wayback Machine 2991: 2987: 2980: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2754:(82): 535–561. 2745: 2744: 2729: 2711: 2710: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2633:Wayback Machine 2622: 2618: 2611: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2516: 2501: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2297: 2296: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2269: 2265: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2134: 2130: 2122: 2118: 2110: 2103: 2095: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1888: 1880: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1820: 1746: 1739:(D.Sc.) in 1939 1733:(D.Sc.) in 1931 1727:(D.Sc.) in 1924 1725:Yale University 1721:(LL.D.) in 1924 1715:(LL.D.) in 1924 1682: 1676: 1673: 1657: 1651: 1631: 1623:London, Ontario 1607: 1518: 1504:Jason Priestley 1480: 1434: 1338: 1306: 1239: 1150: 1130: 1095: 1077:Mackenzie River 1042: 1037: 980: 918:pancreatic duct 892:Sharpey-Schafer 853: 847: 842: 822:London, Ontario 717:starvation diet 642: 637: 636: 635: 634: 633: 626: 618: 617: 610: 547:William Banting 507: 433: 395: 337:Military career 307: 275: 272: 236: 235: 232: 221: 218: 215: 1937) 210: 206: 198: 195: 1932) 186: 182: 179: 141: 123: 116: 112: 103: 97: 91: 89: 81: 80:Banting in 1923 69: 44: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7305: 7303: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7154: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7107: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7061: 7059:Calvin Stiller 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6952: 6950:Anthony Pawson 6947: 6939: 6934: 6926: 6921: 6919:Arnold Naimark 6916: 6908: 6906:Fraser Mustard 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6886:Julio Montaner 6883: 6878: 6876:Ronald Melzack 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6811:John McEachern 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793:Peter Lougheed 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6773:Bernard Langer 6770: 6765: 6757: 6752: 6744: 6739: 6737:Herbert Jasper 6734: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6631:Jacques Genest 6628: 6626:William Gallie 6623: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6598:Claude Fortier 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6573:Sylvia Fedoruk 6570: 6565: 6557: 6552: 6544: 6542:Jacalyn Duffin 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6454:Brock Chisholm 6451: 6446: 6441:Alan C. Burton 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6416:Roberta Bondar 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6386:Norman Bethune 6383: 6378: 6376:Alan Bernstein 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6269: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6180: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6154: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6095: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6054: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6034:Katalin Karikó 6026: 6015: 6000: 5981: 5965: 5953: 5937: 5929: 5913: 5897: 5890:Randy Schekman 5881: 5869: 5848: 5840: 5824: 5817:Luc Montagnier 5808: 5797:Mario Capecchi 5792: 5780: 5773:Barry Marshall 5768: 5756: 5749:Paul Lauterbur 5744: 5733:Sydney Brenner 5728: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5694:Paul Greengard 5690:Arvid Carlsson 5685: 5677: 5661: 5653: 5641: 5625: 5622:Martin Rodbell 5613: 5601: 5598:Edwin G. Krebs 5594:Edmond Fischer 5589: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5542:James W. Black 5537: 5529: 5517: 5505: 5502:César Milstein 5498:Georges Köhler 5489: 5481: 5470:Sune Bergström 5465: 5462:Torsten Wiesel 5458:David H. Hubel 5449: 5433: 5421: 5414:Daniel Nathans 5405: 5398:Andrew Schally 5389: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5350: 5334: 5318: 5311:Gerald Edelman 5306: 5298: 5295:Julius Axelrod 5282: 5279:Salvador Luria 5275:Alfred Hershey 5266: 5250: 5234: 5222: 5211:François Jacob 5206: 5194: 5178: 5162: 5154: 5142: 5130: 5114: 5106: 5095:André Cournand 5090: 5082: 5066: 5054: 5051:Selman Waksman 5046: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5016:Edward Kendall 5011: 4999: 4991: 4975: 4972:Hermann Muller 4967: 4951: 4948:Herbert Gasser 4939: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4903:Gerhard Domagk 4898: 4890: 4882: 4870: 4862: 4859:William Murphy 4851:George Whipple 4846: 4838: 4826: 4818: 4810: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4756: 4748: 4736: 4729:Archibald Hill 4724: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4665: 4662:Charles Richet 4657: 4649: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4613: 4605: 4593: 4585: 4577: 4569: 4561: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4494: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4447: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4406: 4394: 4380: 4368: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4321: 4313: 4312: 4305: 4304:External links 4302: 4301: 4300: 4290: 4269: 4243:(11–12): 631. 4232: 4203: 4168: 4125: 4096: 4070:(9138): 1482. 4059: 4053: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4012: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3966:Bliss, Michael 3962: 3933: 3927: 3909:Bliss, Michael 3905: 3876: 3858:(5): 472–474. 3840: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3812: 3794: 3763: 3735: 3688: 3659: 3629: 3614: 3602:Diabetes.co.uk 3589: 3556: 3531: 3502: 3481: 3459: 3440: 3421: 3396: 3374: 3329: 3280: 3254: 3224: 3194: 3168: 3146: 3120: 3094: 3083: 3061: 3031: 3005: 2985: 2979:978-1412063845 2978: 2960: 2938: 2897: 2874: 2838: 2826: 2773: 2727: 2691: 2660: 2658:, p. 256. 2648: 2646:, p. 255. 2636: 2616: 2610:978-0226058979 2609: 2589: 2540: 2528: 2499: 2477: 2465: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2406: 2394: 2382: 2370: 2358: 2346: 2334: 2322: 2287: 2275: 2263: 2251: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2140: 2128: 2116: 2101: 2084: 2072: 2059:Nobelprize.org 2046: 2024: 1999: 1972: 1942: 1930: 1903: 1886: 1874: 1872:, p. 473. 1861: 1859: 1856: 1828:Banting Medals 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1804: 1794: 1784: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1700: 1684: 1683: 1663: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1630: 1627: 1606: 1603: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1553:Flavelle Medal 1549: 1543: 1533: 1529:– shared with 1517: 1514: 1479: 1476: 1433: 1430: 1337: 1334: 1330:Pierre Trudeau 1305: 1302: 1238: 1235: 1206:, Walsh Lake ( 1155:Group of Seven 1149: 1146: 1142:Henrietta Ball 1129: 1126: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 979: 976: 929:approach with 849:Main article: 846: 843: 841: 838: 806:Military Cross 756:Ramsgate, Kent 721:metabolization 641: 638: 627: 620: 619: 611: 604: 603: 602: 601: 600: 543:Northern Irish 506: 503: 460:pharmacologist 426: 425: 417: 416: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404:Military Cross 401: 397: 396: 394: 393: 392: 391: 386: 375: 373: 369: 368: 363: 359: 358: 355: 351: 350: 345: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 312: 311: 302: 298: 297: 292: 288: 287: 281: 280: 277: 276: 274: 273: 271: 270: 264: 261:Flavelle Medal 258: 252: 246: 239: 231: 230: 229: 227: 223: 222: 220: 219: 208: 204:Henrietta Ball 202: 201: 199: 184: 180: 177: 176: 173: 171: 167: 166: 160: 159:Known for 156: 155: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 117: 115:(aged 49) 109: 105: 104: 98: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 43: 40: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7304: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128:Ronald Worton 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7118:Mark Wainberg 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110:Mladen Vranic 7108: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7092:Endel Tulving 7090: 7088: 7087:Lap-Chee Tsui 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7072:Charles Tator 7070: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7044:Michael Smith 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:David Sackett 7007: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6942:William Osler 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Balfour Mount 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6881:Brenda Milner 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861:Pierre Masson 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Ian McWhinney 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6821:Peter Macklem 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6788:Heinz Lehmann 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6719:James C. Hogg 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6699:Carol Herbert 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6674:Antoine Hakim 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661:Gordon Guyatt 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6618:Henry Friesen 6616: 6614: 6613:Clarke Fraser 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547:Jean Dussault 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6527:Tommy Douglas 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6426:Henri Breault 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401:Michael Bliss 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323:Albert Aguayo 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6290: 6285: 6283: 6278: 6276: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6075: 6070: 6068: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6039: 6038:Drew Weissman 6035: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5935: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5922:Satoshi Ōmura 5919: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5886:James Rothman 5882: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5853:Bruce Beutler 5849: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5766: 5765:Linda B. Buck 5762: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5683: 5682:Günter Blobel 5678: 5675: 5671: 5670:Louis Ignarro 5667: 5662: 5659: 5654: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5611: 5610:Phillip Sharp 5607: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5571: 5570:Joseph Murray 5566: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5522:Stanley Cohen 5518: 5515: 5511: 5510:Michael Brown 5506: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5487: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5426:Allan Cormack 5422: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5403: 5402:Rosalyn Yalow 5399: 5395: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5348: 5347:George Palade 5344: 5340: 5339:Albert Claude 5335: 5332: 5328: 5327:Konrad Lorenz 5324: 5319: 5316: 5315:Rodney Porter 5312: 5307: 5304: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5291:Ulf von Euler 5288: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5239:Ragnar Granit 5235: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5219:Jacques Monod 5216: 5212: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5192: 5191:Andrew Huxley 5188: 5184: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5167:Francis Crick 5163: 5160: 5155: 5152: 5151:Peter Medawar 5148: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119:George Beadle 5115: 5112: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5088: 5087:Hugo Theorell 5083: 5080: 5076: 5075:Thomas Weller 5072: 5067: 5064: 5063:Fritz Lipmann 5060: 5055: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4997: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4973: 4968: 4965: 4964:Howard Florey 4961: 4957: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4868: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4844: 4843:Thomas Morgan 4839: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4824: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4796: 4791: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4757: 4754: 4749: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4734: 4733:Otto Meyerhof 4730: 4725: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4671: 4670:Róbert Bárány 4666: 4663: 4658: 4655: 4654:Alexis Carrel 4650: 4647: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4598:Camillo Golgi 4594: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4578: 4575: 4570: 4567: 4562: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4527: 4525: 4520: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214:(7): 705–07. 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4034:. Lippincott. 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3887:(11): 20–26. 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3846:Collip, James 3843: 3842: 3838: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3764: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3676: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3615: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3519: 3518:Royal Society 3512: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3417:9780802068330 3414: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2961: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2836:, p. 51. 2835: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2475:, p. 48. 2474: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2440:, p. 44. 2439: 2434: 2431: 2428:, p. 21. 2427: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2380:, p. 37. 2379: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2273:, p. 30. 2272: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2237:, p. 26. 2236: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2204: 2201:, p. 23. 2200: 2195: 2192: 2189:, p. 22. 2188: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2153:, p. 20. 2152: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2126:, p. 19. 2125: 2120: 2117: 2114:, p. 18. 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2099:, p. 16. 2098: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2082:, p. 15. 2081: 2076: 2073: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1931: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1884:, p. 39. 1883: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1848:Google Doodle 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1764:Banting Award 1762: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1667: 1664:This list is 1662: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1643:Ray Hnatyshyn 1641: 1636: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611:Flame of Hope 1605:Flame of Hope 1604: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587:King George V 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1500:R. H. Thomson 1497: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1464:New Tecumseth 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:Banting House 1431: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1396:Montréal-Nord 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322:Tommy Douglas 1319: 1315: 1311: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1287:Wilbur Franks 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:Joseph Mackey 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Craig Harbour 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:Lawren Harris 1160: 1159:A. Y. Jackson 1156: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1134: 1128:Personal life 1127: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1112:A. Y. Jackson 1108: 1104: 1099: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061:A. Y. Jackson 1054: 1050: 1049:A. Y. Jackson 1046: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 990: 989: 984: 978:After insulin 977: 975: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 942: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 909: 906: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 861: 857: 852: 844: 839: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736:house surgeon 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701:Niagara Falls 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 677: 675: 670: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 646:Canadian West 639: 624: 608: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 568: 566: 560: 558: 554: 553: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 527:Essa, Ontario 520: 516: 511: 504: 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468:field surgeon 465: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 423: 418: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 380: 377: 376: 374: 370: 367: 364: 360: 356: 352: 349: 346: 340: 335: 331: 327: 323: 320: 317: 313: 310: 306: 303: 299: 296: 293: 289: 286: 282: 278: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 240: 238: 228: 224: 205: 200: 175: 174: 172: 168: 165: 162:Discovery of 161: 157: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 121: 110: 106: 101: 100:Essa, Ontario 88: 84: 77: 72: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 38: 33: 30: 19: 7130: 7123:Samuel Weiss 7112: 7104: 7066: 7003: 6981:Allan Ronald 6970: 6968:Rémi Quirion 6962: 6944: 6931: 6929:Robert Noble 6924:David Naylor 6913: 6831:John Macleod 6801:Jeanne Mance 6795: 6768:Marc Lalonde 6762: 6760:Leonora King 6755:Wilbert Keon 6749: 6731: 6663: 6620: 6583:Brett Finlay 6562: 6555:Connie Eaves 6549: 6522:James Dosman 6496: 6484:James Collip 6443: 6421:John Bradley 6381:Charles Best 6335: 6325: 6318:Oswald Avery 6313:Maude Abbott 6307: 6228: 6183:John Macleod 6176: 6023:Svante Pääbo 6008:David Julius 5962:Tasuku Honjo 5910:Edvard Moser 5902:John O'Keefe 5865:posthumously 5864: 5801:Martin Evans 5777:Robin Warren 5761:Richard Axel 5708:2001–present 5586:Bert Sakmann 5454:Roger Sperry 5446:George Snell 5442:Jean Dausset 5410:Werner Arber 5363:Howard Temin 5287:Bernard Katz 5271:Max Delbrück 5227:Francis Rous 5203:Feodor Lynen 5199:Konrad Bloch 5187:Alan Hodgkin 5171:James Watson 5147:Frank Burnet 5135:Severo Ochoa 5123:Edward Tatum 5111:Daniel Bovet 5024:Philip Hench 4936:Edward Doisy 4867:Hans Spemann 4855:George Minot 4835:Edgar Adrian 4823:Otto Warburg 4745:John Macleod 4740: 4714:August Krogh 4706:Jules Bordet 4622:Paul Ehrlich 4574:Niels Finsen 4558:Emil Behring 4486: 4483: 4280:(11): 1093. 4277: 4273: 4240: 4236: 4211: 4207: 4180: 4176: 4137: 4133: 4104: 4100: 4067: 4063: 4042: 4031: 4022: 4002: 3992: 3969: 3944:(4): 55–57. 3941: 3937: 3913: 3884: 3880: 3855: 3849: 3825:. Retrieved 3815: 3806: 3797: 3785:. Retrieved 3781:the original 3777:Science Life 3776: 3766: 3754:. Retrieved 3750: 3738: 3726:. Retrieved 3719:the original 3714: 3679:. Retrieved 3677:. p. 30 3674: 3662: 3650:. Retrieved 3646:the original 3641: 3632: 3623: 3617: 3607:September 7, 3605:. Retrieved 3592: 3580:. Retrieved 3576:the original 3571: 3549:November 13, 3547:. Retrieved 3543: 3534: 3522:. Retrieved 3517: 3505: 3496: 3476:the original 3471: 3462: 3453: 3443: 3434: 3424: 3404: 3403:Gary Evans, 3399: 3391:the original 3386: 3377: 3363:cite journal 3353:December 31, 3351:. Retrieved 3347:the original 3342: 3332: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3271:. Retrieved 3266: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3241:the original 3236: 3227: 3217:November 14, 3215:. Retrieved 3211:the original 3206: 3197: 3187:November 14, 3185:. Retrieved 3180: 3171: 3161:November 29, 3159:. Retrieved 3149: 3139:November 29, 3137:. Retrieved 3133:the original 3123: 3113:November 29, 3111:. Retrieved 3107:the original 3097: 3086: 3076:November 14, 3074:. Retrieved 3064: 3054:November 14, 3052:. Retrieved 3048:the original 3043: 3034: 3024:November 11, 3022:. Retrieved 3018:the original 3008: 2988: 2969: 2963: 2953:November 14, 2951:. Retrieved 2941: 2914: 2910: 2900: 2892:the original 2887: 2877: 2861:(10): 1232. 2858: 2854: 2829: 2792: 2786: 2776: 2751: 2747: 2721: 2717: 2682:. Retrieved 2678:the original 2673: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2619: 2599: 2592: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2531: 2494:the original 2489: 2480: 2468: 2460:the original 2455: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2409: 2397: 2385: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2337: 2325: 2315:February 24, 2313:. Retrieved 2302: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2218: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2170: 2158: 2131: 2119: 2075: 2063:. Retrieved 2058: 2049: 2040: 2017:February 24, 2015:. Retrieved 2011: 2002: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1963:. Retrieved 1959:the original 1954: 1945: 1933: 1923:February 25, 1921:. Retrieved 1915: 1906: 1877: 1865: 1821: 1687: 1674: 1635:time capsule 1632: 1629:Time capsule 1608: 1567: 1531:John Macleod 1507: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1457: 1435: 1415: 1411: 1404: 1357: 1350: 1307: 1291: 1278: 1267:Newfoundland 1252: 1247:injector pen 1224: 1216:French River 1212:Georgian Bay 1185: 1175: 1151: 1139: 1121: 1117: 1100: 1092: 1087:Toronto Star 1086: 1082:Toronto Star 1080: 1068: 1058: 1052: 1017: 1015:in Toronto. 1006: 994: 986: 972: 943: 939:James Collip 935:Charles Best 931:John Macleod 914:Moses Barron 912: 865: 860:Charles Best 834:pharmacology 826:anthropology 810: 791: 760: 725: 719:for minimum 678: 666: 643: 573: 569: 561: 550: 524: 487:Charles Best 484: 480:John Macleod 430: 429: 372:Battles/wars 319:Charles Best 301:Institutions 295:Pharmacology 284: 128:Burial place 113:(1941-02-21) 29: 7167:1941 deaths 7162:1891 births 7141:Salim Yusuf 7064:Emily Stowe 6960:Vera Peters 6871:Maud Menten 6851:Marco Marra 6846:Tak Wah Mak 6836:John McCrae 6724:David Hubel 6494:Max Cynader 6464:Bruce Chown 6436:John Browne 6346:Murray Barr 6123:W. B. Yeats 6099:Fritz Pregl 6082:Nobel Prize 5874:John Gurdon 5789:Craig Mello 5785:Andrew Fire 5698:Eric Kandel 5674:Ferid Murad 5582:Erwin Neher 5494:Niels Jerne 5259:Har Khorana 5247:George Wald 5215:André Lwoff 5183:John Eccles 5071:John Enders 5043:Max Theiler 5004:Walter Hess 4996:Paul Müller 4960:Ernst Chain 4630:Emil Kocher 4590:Robert Koch 4582:Ivan Pavlov 4566:Ronald Ross 4335:Identifiers 4311:Archives at 3787:December 4, 3520:. July 2007 1870:Collip 1941 1852:Canada Post 1591:Diabetes UK 1227:Dennis Reid 1073:Slave River 1069:Distributor 905:proteolysis 771:gynaecology 752:orthopedist 681:World War I 464:orthopedist 379:World War I 7156:Categories 7082:James Till 7024:Hans Selye 7001:Ian Rusted 6996:Claude Roy 6709:Jack Hirsh 6517:John Dirks 6502:Paul David 6110:Literature 5725:Paul Nurse 5059:Hans Krebs 4984:Gerty Cori 4932:Henrik Dam 4879:Otto Loewi 4875:Henry Dale 4183:(5): 576. 4107:(2): 311. 2834:Bliss 1992 2656:Bliss 1992 2644:Bliss 1992 2536:Bliss 1992 2473:Bliss 1992 2438:Bliss 1992 2414:Bliss 1992 2402:Bliss 1992 2390:Bliss 1992 2378:Bliss 1992 2366:Bliss 1992 2354:Bliss 1992 2342:Bliss 1992 2330:Bliss 1992 2283:Bliss 1992 2271:Bliss 1992 2259:Bliss 1992 2247:Bliss 1992 2235:Bliss 1992 2223:Bliss 1992 2211:Bliss 1992 2199:Bliss 1992 2187:Bliss 1992 2175:Bliss 1992 2163:Bliss 1992 2151:Bliss 1992 2136:Bliss 1992 2124:Bliss 1992 2112:Bliss 1992 2097:Bliss 1992 2080:Bliss 1992 1938:Bliss 1992 1882:Bliss 1992 1858:References 1666:incomplete 1432:Properties 1424:, and the 1196:Pond Inlet 814:orthopedic 767:obstetrics 505:Early life 92:1891-11-14 6651:Jean Gray 6641:Phil Gold 6603:Terry Fox 6479:May Cohen 6101:(Austria) 6091:Chemistry 6084:laureates 5926:Tu Youyou 5478:John Vane 5373:1976–2000 5034:1951–1975 4980:Carl Cori 4770:1926–1950 4549:1901–1925 4538:Laureates 4485:Cover of 3968:(1990) . 3911:(1992) . 3901:162239410 3040:"History" 2813:0024-094X 2797:MIT Press 2768:144773818 2684:March 13, 2576:0009-9147 2426:Best 1942 1899:Best 1942 1812:Coquitlam 1796:Ontario: 1786:Ontario: 1776:Ontario: 1709:) in 1924 1677:July 2009 1585:(KBE) by 1579:Edinburgh 1489:The Quest 1400:Coquitlam 1374:complex, 1336:Namesakes 1326:Terry Fox 1144:in 1937. 1002:silicosis 884:Minkowski 785:with the 584:Methodist 559:descent. 415:Signature 357:1915–1919 138:Education 6356:John Bel 6179:(Canada) 5721:Tim Hunt 4489:magazine 4453:Archived 4413:Archived 4387:Archived 4320:Location 4286:13108539 4265:10131078 4257:15588191 4228:16847245 4199:15887423 4164:17548378 4092:54323266 3827:June 18, 3756:July 29, 3728:July 29, 3681:July 29, 3652:July 29, 3582:July 29, 3524:July 29, 3419:. p. 55. 3411:, 1991. 3387:Ritchies 3324:17548378 3273:July 29, 3247:July 29, 2998:Archived 2821:20206188 2788:Leonardo 2629:Archived 2584:12446492 2065:April 3, 1965:April 4, 1826:confers 1792:Alliston 1619:diabetes 1384:Alliston 1279:en route 1218:and the 1157:artists 1148:Painting 1028:g-forces 922:ligature 872:diabetes 868:pancreas 802:aid post 763:suturing 650:Winnipeg 580:baseball 576:football 557:Scottish 535:Tecumseh 531:Alliston 342:Service/ 102:, Canada 6150:Physics 4540:of the 4376:at the 4155:1877854 4084:9808029 3958:3550540 3860:Bibcode 3315:1877854 3296:(PDF). 2932:2950206 2868:1230768 2799:: 154. 1818:Tribute 1782:Toronto 1771:Schools 1555:of the 1539:of the 1527:insulin 1451:on the 1449:Banting 1366:of the 1298:Toronto 1187:Beothic 1053:Beothic 1020:syncope 926:trypsin 896:hormone 783:Siberia 748:Halifax 740:abscess 711:of the 697:private 654:Calgary 499:annuity 472:insulin 366:Captain 217: 209: 197: 185: 181: 170:Spouses 164:insulin 5968:2019: 5956:2018: 5940:2017: 5932:2016: 5916:2015: 5900:2014: 5884:2013: 5872:2012: 5851:2011: 5843:2010: 5827:2009: 5811:2008: 5795:2007: 5783:2006: 5771:2005: 5759:2004: 5747:2003: 5731:2002: 5715:2001: 5688:2000: 5680:1999: 5664:1998: 5656:1997: 5644:1996: 5628:1995: 5616:1994: 5604:1993: 5592:1992: 5580:1991: 5568:1990: 5556:1989: 5540:1988: 5532:1987: 5520:1986: 5508:1985: 5492:1984: 5484:1983: 5468:1982: 5452:1981: 5436:1980: 5424:1979: 5408:1978: 5392:1977: 5380:1976: 5353:1975: 5337:1974: 5321:1973: 5309:1972: 5301:1971: 5285:1970: 5269:1969: 5253:1968: 5237:1967: 5225:1966: 5209:1965: 5197:1964: 5181:1963: 5165:1962: 5157:1961: 5145:1960: 5133:1959: 5117:1958: 5109:1957: 5093:1956: 5085:1955: 5069:1954: 5057:1953: 5049:1952: 5041:1951: 5014:1950: 5002:1949: 4994:1948: 4978:1947: 4970:1946: 4954:1945: 4942:1944: 4930:1943: 4901:1939: 4893:1938: 4885:1937: 4873:1936: 4865:1935: 4849:1934: 4841:1933: 4829:1932: 4821:1931: 4813:1930: 4801:1929: 4793:1928: 4785:1927: 4777:1926: 4751:1924: 4739:1923: 4727:1922: 4712:1920: 4704:1919: 4668:1914: 4660:1913: 4652:1912: 4644:1911: 4636:1910: 4628:1909: 4616:1908: 4608:1907: 4596:1906: 4588:1905: 4580:1904: 4572:1903: 4564:1902: 4556:1901: 4348:Source 4296: 4284: 4263: 4255: 4226: 4197: 4162: 4152: 4121:380438 4119: 4090: 4082: 4064:Lancet 4051: 4043:Elixir 4010: 3980: 3956: 3925: 3899: 3870: 3807:Google 3415: 3322: 3312: 2976: 2929: 2865: 2819: 2811: 2766: 2607: 2582: 2574: 1844:Google 1802:London 1749:Events 1561:1935: 1551:1931: 1545:1927: 1535:1923: 1521:1923: 1420:, the 1402:, BC. 1392:London 1386:, ON; 1378:, ON; 1376:Ottawa 1304:Legacy 1259:Hudson 1182:Quebec 1171:Lismer 1055:, 1927 1024:G-suit 908:enzyme 880:Naunyn 592:French 466:, and 406:(1919) 400:Awards 344:branch 291:Fields 269:(1935) 263:(1931) 257:(1927) 251:(1923) 245:(1923) 233: 226:Awards 6229:1923 6134:Peace 6080:1923 4261:S2CID 4088:S2CID 3897:S2CID 3872:17312 3868:JSTOR 3747:(PDF) 3722:(PDF) 3711:(PDF) 3671:(PDF) 3514:(PDF) 2817:JSTOR 2795:(2). 2764:S2CID 1707:D.Sc. 1697:LL.D. 1237:Death 669:rugby 596:Latin 478:with 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 211:( 207: 187:( 183: 118:Near 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 6254:1928 6249:1927 6244:1926 6239:1925 6234:1924 6224:1922 6219:1921 6214:1920 6209:1919 6204:1918 6141:None 6114:1923 6030:2023 6019:2022 6004:2021 5985:2020 4924:1942 4917:1941 4910:1940 4760:1925 4721:1921 4698:1918 4691:1917 4684:1916 4677:1915 4487:Time 4294:ISBN 4282:PMID 4253:PMID 4224:PMID 4195:PMID 4160:PMID 4117:PMID 4080:PMID 4049:ISBN 4008:ISBN 3978:ISBN 3954:PMID 3923:ISBN 3829:2021 3789:2019 3758:2015 3730:2015 3683:2015 3654:2015 3609:2015 3584:2015 3551:2013 3526:2015 3413:ISBN 3369:link 3355:2011 3320:PMID 3275:2015 3249:2015 3219:2016 3189:2016 3163:2012 3141:2012 3115:2012 3078:2016 3056:2016 3026:2018 2974:ISBN 2955:2016 2809:ISSN 2686:2019 2605:ISBN 2580:PMID 2572:ISSN 2317:2024 2067:2016 2019:2024 1967:2016 1925:2024 1834:and 1453:Moon 1328:and 1161:and 1075:and 988:Time 888:Opie 769:and 652:and 632:1900 616:1893 594:and 578:and 539:mill 455:FRCP 451:FRCS 447:FRSC 362:Rank 193:div. 108:Died 86:Born 66:FRCP 62:FRCS 58:FRSC 4245:doi 4241:181 4216:doi 4212:141 4185:doi 4150:PMC 4142:doi 4138:176 4109:doi 4072:doi 4068:352 3946:doi 3889:doi 3310:PMC 3302:doi 3298:176 2927:PMC 2919:doi 2915:182 2863:PMC 2859:161 2801:doi 2756:doi 2562:doi 1990:doi 1986:198 1672:. 1609:A " 1390:in 1382:in 1296:in 1289:. 1210:), 1180:in 958:at 920:by 443:FRS 435:KBE 54:FRS 46:KBE 37:Sir 7158:: 6036:/ 6032:: 6021:: 6010:/ 6006:: 5995:/ 5991:/ 5987:: 5976:/ 5972:/ 5960:/ 5948:/ 5944:/ 5924:/ 5920:/ 5908:/ 5904:/ 5892:/ 5888:/ 5876:/ 5859:/ 5855:/ 5835:/ 5831:/ 5819:/ 5815:/ 5803:/ 5799:/ 5787:/ 5775:/ 5763:/ 5751:/ 5739:/ 5735:/ 5723:/ 5719:/ 5696:/ 5692:/ 5672:/ 5668:/ 5648:/ 5636:/ 5632:/ 5620:/ 5608:/ 5596:/ 5584:/ 5572:/ 5560:/ 5548:/ 5544:/ 5524:/ 5512:/ 5500:/ 5496:/ 5476:/ 5472:/ 5460:/ 5456:/ 5444:/ 5440:/ 5428:/ 5416:/ 5412:/ 5400:/ 5396:/ 5384:/ 5361:/ 5357:/ 5345:/ 5341:/ 5329:/ 5325:/ 5313:/ 5293:/ 5289:/ 5277:/ 5273:/ 5261:/ 5257:/ 5245:/ 5241:/ 5229:/ 5217:/ 5213:/ 5201:/ 5189:/ 5185:/ 5173:/ 5169:/ 5149:/ 5137:/ 5125:/ 5121:/ 5101:/ 5097:/ 5077:/ 5073:/ 5061:/ 5022:/ 5018:/ 5006:/ 4986:/ 4982:/ 4962:/ 4958:/ 4946:/ 4934:/ 4877:/ 4857:/ 4853:/ 4833:/ 4805:/ 4743:/ 4731:/ 4620:/ 4600:/ 4278:29 4276:. 4259:. 4251:. 4239:. 4222:. 4210:. 4193:. 4181:80 4179:. 4175:. 4158:. 4148:. 4136:. 4132:. 4115:. 4105:91 4103:. 4086:. 4078:. 4066:. 3976:. 3952:. 3942:45 3940:. 3921:. 3895:. 3883:. 3866:. 3856:52 3854:. 3805:. 3775:. 3749:. 3713:. 3691:^ 3673:. 3640:. 3600:. 3570:. 3559:^ 3542:. 3516:. 3484:^ 3470:. 3452:. 3433:. 3407:. 3385:. 3365:}} 3361:{{ 3341:. 3318:. 3308:. 3292:. 3265:. 3235:. 3205:. 3179:. 3042:. 2925:. 2913:. 2909:. 2886:. 2857:. 2853:. 2841:^ 2815:. 2807:. 2793:39 2791:. 2785:. 2762:. 2752:41 2750:. 2730:^ 2722:92 2720:. 2716:. 2694:^ 2672:. 2578:. 2570:. 2558:48 2556:. 2552:. 2502:^ 2454:. 2308:. 2301:. 2290:^ 2143:^ 2104:^ 2087:^ 2057:. 2039:. 2027:^ 2010:. 1984:. 1953:. 1914:. 1889:^ 1810:, 1800:, 1790:, 1780:, 1633:A 1601:. 1512:. 1332:. 1324:, 1300:. 1265:, 1222:. 1214:, 1098:" 970:. 890:, 886:, 882:, 789:. 723:. 630:c. 614:c. 567:. 482:. 462:, 439:MC 213:m. 189:m. 151:MD 149:, 147:MB 50:MC 7131:Y 7113:W 7105:V 7067:T 7004:S 6971:R 6963:Q 6945:P 6932:O 6914:N 6796:M 6763:L 6750:K 6732:J 6664:H 6621:G 6563:F 6550:E 6497:D 6444:C 6326:B 6308:A 6288:e 6281:t 6274:v 6116:) 6112:( 6073:e 6066:t 6059:v 5867:) 5863:( 4530:e 4523:t 4516:v 4419:) 4411:( 4393:) 4385:( 4288:. 4267:. 4247:: 4230:. 4218:: 4201:. 4187:: 4166:. 4144:: 4123:. 4111:: 4094:. 4074:: 4057:. 4016:. 3986:. 3960:. 3948:: 3931:. 3903:. 3891:: 3885:4 3874:. 3862:: 3831:. 3791:. 3760:. 3732:. 3685:. 3656:. 3611:. 3586:. 3553:. 3528:. 3499:. 3456:. 3437:. 3371:) 3357:. 3326:. 3304:: 3277:. 3251:. 3221:. 3191:. 3165:. 3143:. 3117:. 3080:. 3058:. 3028:. 2982:. 2957:. 2935:. 2921:: 2871:. 2823:. 2803:: 2770:. 2758:: 2688:. 2613:. 2586:. 2564:: 2319:. 2069:. 2043:. 2021:. 1996:. 1992:: 1969:. 1927:. 1901:. 1705:( 1695:( 1679:) 1675:( 1257:/ 1249:. 1096:' 153:) 145:( 94:) 90:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index