375:. Chalmers (along with four other Australians, two of whom were missionaries) chose to remain feeling it was their duty to look after the islanders; despite being told they would be evacuated later, they were not due to the rapid pace of the Japanese advance during the South-East Asian campaigns of 1941–42.
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mandate. It had over 3,500 inhabitants, and was of strategic importance to the
Commonwealth owing to its very large deposits of phosphate (which was used in fertilizer, making it critical to Australia and New Zealand's agriculture-based economies). His affable manner made him a popular figure on
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mining facilities, fuel storage tanks, and cantilevered loading jetties, causing tremendous damage. An infuriated
Chalmers reportedly stomped along the waterfront hurling insults at the enemy ship. A year later, the decision was made to evacuate the island with the outbreak of the
394:, ordered the execution of all five Australians. Chalmers and his companions were beheaded, bayoneted, or shot (later testimony varied) and buried on the beach. After the war Nakayama was found guilty of murder by an Australian war crimes tribunal at
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he served in Egypt, Gallipoli, Belgium, and France. He was promoted to captain in August 1915. After officers' training at the military school of
Aldershot in England late in 1916 he was promoted to major. He was given command of the
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296:, obtaining the rank of Lieutenant in 1901. After demobilization he returned to Tasmania, where he lived until 1907. He then joined the railway company of the State of Victoria, and worked as a salesman at
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371:. All Westerners including civilians and military garrison were taken off in February 1942 along with half the foreign workers, however, 191 Chinese were left behind along with the native
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Chalmers' wife Lenna died while he was in captivity. They had four daughters. He also had a son Roy and two daughters, Molly and Emily Noreen, with his first wife Mary.
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In 1938, Chalmers was selected from among 70 candidates to succeed R.C. Garsia as head of the administration of Nauru, a
Pacific island supervised by Australia under
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Japanese
Atrocities on Nauru during the Pacific War: The murder of Australians, the massacre of lepers and the ethnocide of Nauruans, Yuki Tanaka, www.japanfocus.org
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Returning to
Tasmania with his new wife, Lenna Annette French, whom he had married in London in 1917, he worked for several years in agriculture in
269:(4 January 1881 – 25 March 1943) was an Australian farmer, soldier, businessman, and government administrator. His murder by Japanese soldiers on
300:. Married to Mary Cecilia Bennett in 1910, he became a widower in 1914, and in April of the same year he re-enlisted in the Army. Joining the
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forces invaded the islands in August 1942, Chalmers and the other
Australians were interned in a house near the island's native hospital.
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On 25 March 1943, after an
American bombing raid on Nauru's Japanese-built airfield, the garrison's second-in-command, Lieutenant
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and in mining on the west coast of
Tasmania. He headed an association of veterans and was involved in the Boy Scouts.
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to the island to improve the local livestock, and also gambusia fish to combat the proliferation of mosquitoes.
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Official Year Book of the
Commonwealth of Australia No. 35, p255, Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics
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The Chinese Communities in the Smaller Countries of the South Pacific: Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, Cook Islands
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Frederick Chalmers, son of Robert Hamilton Chalmers and Emily Louisa (Walter) Chalmers, was born in
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A monument to Chalmers, as well as the other victims of the war, was erected on Nauru in 1951.
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in October 1917, became a lieutenant colonel in January 1918, was awarded the
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as an enlisted man, he was promoted to lieutenant a month later. During the
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555:. MacMillan Brown Library, University of Canterbury. 2007. Archived from
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At age 18 he enlisted in the army and served in South Africa during the
527:"Enemy Attack on Shipping at Nauru – December-1940, Captain J.M. Stott"
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Affaire de certaines terres à phosphates à Nauru (Nauru c. Australie)
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Case of Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v.. Australia)
453:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
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in 1943 was the focus of a war crimes trial following the
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World War II prisoner of war massacres by Imperial Japan
473:"Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Royden Chalmers, CMG, DSO"
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Australian people who died in Japanese internment camps
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Australian military personnel of the Second Boer War
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Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
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604:"4 From the Second World War Until Independence"
348:On 27 December 1940, after the outbreak of the
707:People executed by Japanese occupation forces
677:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
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672:Australian military personnel of World War I
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585:History of Nauru during Second World war
447:"Chalmers, Frederick Royden (1881–1943)"
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76:October 1938 – 26 August 1942
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16:Australian Army officer (1881–1943)
451:Australian Dictionary of Biography
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692:Australian people murdered abroad
687:Military personnel from Tasmania
398:. He was hanged in August 1946.
281:Early life and military service
352:, an auxiliary cruiser of the
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506:. 30 May 1919. p. 6793.
424:Japanese occupation of Nauru
317:in November, and was named
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51:Frederick Royden Chalmers
302:Australian Imperial Force
254:Frederick Royden Chalmers
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25:Frederick Royden Chalmers
697:People murdered in Nauru
702:Administrators of Nauru
590:8 February 2012 at the
477:Australian War Memorial
419:German attacks on Nauru
241:Mentioned in Despatches
332:Administrator of Nauru
65:Administrator of Nauru
364:shelling the island's
341:Nauru. He introduced
184:Years of service
662:Australian colonels
445:Keneally, Kerry F.
385:Japanese occupation
110:Japanese occupation
97:Rupert Clare Garsia
503:The London Gazette
287:Brighton, Tasmania
198:Lieutenant Colonel
139:Brighton, Tasmania
727:Massacres in 1943
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215:Battles/wars
150:(1943-03-25)
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104:Succeeded by
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657:1943 deaths
652:1881 births
498:"No. 31370"
369:Pacific War
92:Preceded by
646:Categories
166:Allegiance
132:1881-01-04
321:in 1919.
210:(1917–19)
189:1914–1919
187:1899–1902
169:Australia
85:George VI
72:In office
588:Archived
566:12 March
413:See also
373:Nauruans
294:Boer War
204:Commands
81:Monarch
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532:2 June
482:2 June
457:2 June
405:Legacy
396:Rabaul
356:, the
326:Bagdad
229:Awards
612:[
560:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
430:Notes
383:When
379:Death
359:Komet
271:Nauru
264:
262:,
155:Nauru
35:
33:,
618:ISBN
568:2018
534:2016
484:2016
459:2016
194:Rank
145:Died
126:Born
55:1922
298:Moe
266:DSO
259:CMG
243:(2)
37:DSO
30:CMG
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437:^
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53:c.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
