226:
371:. Though the expedition failed to find the hoped-for papers, in a speech at a dinner given in his honor by the American Geographical Society in 1880, Schwatka noted that his expedition had made "the longest sledge journey ever made both in regard to time and distance" of eleven months and four days and 2,709 miles (4,360 km) and that it was the first Arctic expedition on which the Caucasians relied entirely on the same diet as the Inuit. The search was conducted under some of the coldest conditions experienced in polar exploration.
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The party landed on Depot Island in Hudson Bay at about 16:00 on 7 August 1878. The group, assisted by other Inuit, went north from Hudson Bay "with three sledges drawn by over forty dogs, relatively few provisions, but a large quantity of arms and ammunition." They interviewed Inuit, visited known
515:
commemorating
Frederick Schwatka was begun by a group of prominent American gunsmiths. Engraved by Barry Lee Hands, the rifle depicts scenes from the arctic adventures of Schwatka (See "External Links" below). Since 1960, the cruise boat the
31:
391:, naming many geographic features along the way. At more than 1,300 miles (2,092 km), it was the longest raft journey that had ever been made. Schwatka's expedition alarmed the Canadian government, which sent an expedition under
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241:, the son of August and Catherine (Geissendorfer) Schwatke (the original German spelling with the same pronunciation), German Lutheran immigrants from
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415:. He also took three expeditions to northeastern Mexico and published descriptions of the social customs and the flora and fauna of these regions.
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to explore the Yukon in 1887. After his resignation from the army in 1885, Schwatka led two private expeditions to Alaska financed by
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or likely sites of
Franklin Expedition remains, and found a skeleton of one of the lost Franklin crewmen, identified as Lieutenant
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725:. Paul Quinn, Leslie Dalrymple Stair (Reprint 2016 ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 37.
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237:, the son of Frederick Gustavus Sr. and Amelia (Hukill) Schwatka. His father Frederick G. Sr. (1810-1888) was born in
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Resolute: The Epic Search for the
Northwest Passage and John Franklin, and the Discovery of the Queen's Ghost Ship
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UAM:EH:UA68-029-0001AB A wooden box camera used by
Schwatka on his 1886 failed attempt to climb Mount Saint Elias
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he led an expedition to the
Canadian Arctic to look for written records thought to have been left on or near
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at West Point in 1867 and graduated in 1871, serving as a second lieutenant in the Third
Cavalry in the
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in New York in the same year. In 1876, Lt. Schwatka led the initial cavalry charge at the
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has ferried passengers along the Yukon River through Miles Canyon to
Schwatka Lake.
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657:"Frederick Schwatka and the search for the Franklin expedition records, 1878–1880"
969:
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Cairn where
Schwatka's note was found in 1989 at Cape Felix, King William Island
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329:
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387:, his party built rafts and floated down the Yukon River to its mouth in the
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and was of
English and Scots descent. When he was 10 his family moved to
3567:
1206:
489:
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282:
265:. Schwatka later worked in Oregon as a printer's apprentice and attended
201:
lieutenant with degrees in medicine and law, and was a noted explorer of
57:
613:
30:
4194:
3574:
2361:
1839:
1815:
1803:
540:
511:, is named after him, as is Mount Schwatka, Alaska. In 2007, an Arctic
485:
246:
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1765:
431:
427:
206:
96:
77:
1217:
1202:
722:
Arctic
Harpooner: a Voyage on the Schooner Abbie Bradford, 1878-1879
249:, respectively. His mother Amelia Hukill (1812-1885) was born near
277:. Studying law and medicine simultaneously, he was admitted to the
1826:
349:
224:
216:
801:
Geology of the eastern part of the Alaska Range and adjacent area
399:. In 1891, he was among the first non-native people to cross the
435:
3017:
1259:
1221:
1071:. Ed. Edouard A. Stackpole. New Bedford, Mass.: Reynolds-DeWalt
472:
reported his death as the outcome of an accidental overdose of
426:. He was an honorary member of the Geographical Societies of
313:. It was supported by various New York businessmen including
1088:
The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration from Franklin to Scott
806:(Report). US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey
466:
He died in Portland, Oregon at the age of 43 in 1892. The
418:
Schwatka received the Roquette Arctic Medal from the
3995:
3726:
3313:
3053:
2426:
1957:
1802:
1300:
595:"Arctic Profiles: Frederick Schwatka. (1849- 1892)"
184:
166:
156:
141:
133:
121:
103:
83:
63:
40:
21:
356:in his search for Franklin between 1860 and 1869.
16:American soldier, explorer, and writer (1849–1892)
1023:Lone Scout: W. D. Boyce and American Boy Scouting
352:interpreter and guide who had assisted explorer
340:, his second in command; naturalist and artist
1233:
285:in 1875 and received his medical degree from
8:
970:"Biographical profile of Frederick Schwatka"
446:Schwatka's book-length publications include
197:(29 September 1849 – 2 November 1892) was a
850:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
3027:
3014:
1269:
1256:
1240:
1226:
1218:
1177:
1163:
1135:Schwatka, Frederick. "Among the Apaches",
929:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
29:
18:
4419:United States Army Medical Corps officers
992:Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
896:. Northwestern Arizona University Library
344:; experienced seaman Frank E. Melms; and
4404:Bellevue Hospital Medical College alumni
4298:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
565:"Lieutenant Schwatka's Death Accidental"
523:Frederick Schwatka was initiated to the
379:In 1883, he was sent to reconnoiter the
3873:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
974:Ezekiel Bates Lodge A.F. & A.M., MA
553:
424:Imperial Geographical Society of Russia
1116:In the Land of Cave and Cliff Dwellers
998:from the original on November 17, 2018
922:
221:Lt Schwatka charge at Slim Buttes 1876
4414:People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
4399:United States Military Academy alumni
1055:The Search for the North West Passage
1025:. Rochester, Illinois: Legacy Press.
893:The Coconino Sun, subject index, 1892
890:Ash, Susan L. (Pinky) Rogers (1975).
559:
557:
7:
1194:Works by or about Frederick Schwatka
1043:. New York: Sterling Publishing Co.
650:
648:
646:
593:Davis, Richard C. (September 1984).
3659:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1856:Norse colonization of North America
336:, Schwatka's initial team included
3188:United States Exploring Expedition
1057:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
14:
4364:American people of German descent
4262:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3630:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1125:. New York: Cassell & Company
1118:. New York: Cassell & Company
1111:. New York: Cassell & Company
1097:. New York: Cassell & Company
789:Petterchak (2003), pp. 9–10
488:listed his death as a suicide by
301:In 1878–80, at the behest of the
4359:19th-century American memoirists
4156:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3549:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1210:
1104:. St Louis, Missouri: J.W. Henry
297:Search for Franklin's expedition
145:
108:
919:. Whitehorse. pp. 118–122.
454:(1882), republished in 1965 as
407:and crossed Skolai Pass in the
383:by the US Army. Going over the
1021:Petterchak, Janice A. (2003).
527:Freemasonry at the St. John's
271:United States Military Academy
1:
4369:Drug-related deaths in Oregon
3535:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3470:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
1161:Biodiversity Heritage Library
420:Geographical Society of Paris
303:American Geographical Society
4394:Willamette University alumni
4389:People from Galena, Illinois
3892:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3708:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3514:French Antarctic Expeditions
3444:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3330:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1448:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
1121:Schwatka, Frederick (1885).
1114:Schwatka, Frederick (1893).
1107:Schwatka, Frederick (1886).
1100:Schwatka, Frederick (1894).
1093:Schwatka, Frederick (1885).
1067:Schwatka, Frederick (1965).
574:. New York. November 4, 1892
4424:United States Army officers
2977:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2656:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1521:Andrée's balloon expedition
1209:(public domain audiobooks)
1203:Works by Frederick Schwatka
1185:Works by Frederick Schwatka
1171:Works by Frederick Schwatka
1157:Works by Frederick Schwatka
844:"Schwatka, Frederick"
762:Schwatka (1965), pp.115–116
699:– via Cambridge Core.
543:, the "Schwatka Imperative"
531:No. 37, Yreka, California.
195:Frederick Gustavus Schwatka
23:Frederick Gustavus Schwatka
4440:
2178:Franklin's lost expedition
1878:Christian IV's expeditions
1095:Along Alaska's Great River
949:Yukon Alaska Tourist Tours
879:(164): 294. 26 March 1886.
867:Along Alaska's great river
780:Sandler (2006), pp. 247–48
709:Schwatka (1965), pp. 13–15
448:Along Alaska's Great River
311:Franklin's lost expedition
296:
269:. He was appointed to the
4409:People from Salem, Oregon
3030:
3026:
3013:
2532:Great Northern Expedition
2208:Rae–Richardson expedition
1408:British Arctic Expedition
1272:
1268:
1255:
719:Ferguson, Robert (2017).
681:10.1017/S0032247407007140
492:. Schwatka was buried in
245:(now eastern Poland) and
28:
3816:British Antarctic Survey
3810:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3055:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1039:Sandler, Martin (2006).
853:. New York: D. Appleton.
287:Bellevue Medical College
4384:Explorers of the Arctic
4292:Pole of inaccessibility
3955:Antarctic Treaty System
2296:2nd Grinnell expedition
1139:, Vol. XXXIV (May 1887)
915:Scott, John D. (1981).
799:Fred H. Moffit (1954).
771:Schwatka (1965), p. 116
655:Savitt, Ronald (2008).
452:The Search for Franklin
422:, and a medal from the
171:Great Sioux War of 1876
1086:Coleman, E.C. (2006).
1069:The Long Arctic Search
869:by Frederick Schwatka"
824:Sandler (2006), p. 248
753:Savours (1999), p. 301
640:Schwatka (1965), p. 14
456:The Long Arctic Search
230:
222:
35:From an 1880 engraving
3962:Transglobe Expedition
3861:Operation Deep Freeze
3270:Challenger expedition
2136:Coppermine expedition
1657:Drifting ice stations
1053:Savours, Ann (1999).
342:Heinrich W. Klutschak
291:Battle of Slim Buttes
267:Willamette University
233:Schwatka was born in
228:
220:
213:Early life and career
177:Battle of Slim Buttes
134:Years of service
1109:Children of the Cold
988:"Frederick Schwatka"
480:of Coconino county (
393:George Mercer Dawson
354:Charles Francis Hall
338:William Henry Gilder
323:Charles Patrick Daly
319:James Gordon Bennett
161:3rd Cavalry Regiment
4379:Explorers of Canada
4374:Explorers of Alaska
4132:South magnetic pole
2798:Brusilov expedition
1907:Danish colonization
1345:North magnetic pole
1123:Nimrod in the North
1090:. Tempus Publishing
917:A Life in the Yukon
673:2008PoRec..44..193S
614:10.14430/arctic2209
307:King William Island
239:Baltimore, Maryland
3823:Operation Windmill
3804:Operation Highjump
2779:Rusanov expedition
2684:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2428:North East Passage
2232:McClure expedition
1102:A Summer in Alaska
541:Ketosis Adaptation
413:Copper River Basin
409:Wrangell Mountains
231:
223:
199:United States Army
188:Arctic exploration
128:United States Army
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
3790:Operation Tabarin
3652:Far Eastern Party
3498:Nimrod Expedition
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2568:M. Pronchishcheva
2490:Siberian Cossacks
1959:Northwest Passage
1292:Research stations
1249:Polar exploration
1189:Project Gutenberg
1049:978-1-4027-4085-5
732:978-1-5128-1583-2
509:Whitehorse, Yukon
403:by following the
257:, in present-day
192:
191:
151:Second Lieutenant
51:29 September 1849
4431:
3837:Ronne Expedition
3322:
3316:
3180:Dumont d'Urville
3028:
3015:
2563:V. Pronchishchev
1270:
1257:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1198:Internet Archive
1181:
1167:
1137:Century Magazine
1036:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
984:
978:
977:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
941:
935:
934:
928:
920:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
887:
881:
880:
861:
855:
854:
846:
831:
825:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
805:
796:
790:
787:
781:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
751:
745:
744:
716:
710:
707:
701:
700:
652:
641:
638:
632:
631:
629:
628:
622:
616:. Archived from
599:
590:
584:
583:
581:
579:
569:
561:
397:William D. Boyce
332:on the schooner
275:Dakota Territory
235:Galena, Illinois
149:
123:
114:
112:
111:
89:Pioneer Cemetery
70:
50:
48:
33:
19:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4324:
3999:
3991:
3867:McMurdo Station
3736:Modern research
3734:
3722:
3457:O. Nordenskjöld
3320:
3314:
3309:
3225:Ross expedition
3049:
3022:
3001:
2430:
2422:
1963:Northern Canada
1961:
1953:
1806:
1798:
1304:
1296:
1264:
1251:
1246:
1211:
1146:
1132:
1083:
1078:
1076:Further reading
1033:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1001:
999:
986:
985:
981:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
943:
942:
938:
921:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
889:
888:
884:
863:
862:
858:
841:, eds. (1900).
833:
832:
828:
823:
819:
809:
807:
803:
798:
797:
793:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
757:
752:
748:
733:
718:
717:
713:
708:
704:
654:
653:
644:
639:
635:
626:
624:
620:
597:
592:
591:
587:
577:
575:
567:
563:
562:
555:
550:
537:
502:
464:
444:
377:
299:
279:Bar association
215:
203:northern Canada
185:Other work
173:
137:1871–1885
109:
107:
99:
72:
68:
67:2 November 1892
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4437:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4284:Vostok Station
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4235:Cherry-Garrard
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4075:Southern Cross
4071:
4070:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4005:
4003:
3997:Farthest South
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3869:
3864:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3758:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3694:Ross Sea party
3690:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3388:Southern Cross
3381:Southern Cross
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3325:
3323:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3246:
3240:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3127:Bellingshausen
3117:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2974:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2434:
2432:Russian Arctic
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1874:
1869:
1867:Snæbjörn galti
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1769:
1762:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:Farthest North
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1144:External links
1142:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1051:
1037:
1031:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
979:
961:
936:
907:
882:
856:
826:
817:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
731:
711:
702:
667:(3): 193–210.
642:
633:
585:
572:New York Times
552:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
536:
533:
501:
498:
469:New York Times
463:
460:
443:
440:
376:
373:
315:Henry Grinnell
309:by members of
298:
295:
214:
211:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
180:
179:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
105:
101:
100:
87:
85:
81:
80:
71:(aged 43)
65:
61:
60:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4436:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:Discovery Hut
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:A. Sibiryakov
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:Glavsevmorput
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2244:
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1063:0-312-22372-2
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1032:0-9653198-7-3
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945:"MV Schwatka"
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835:Wilson, J. G.
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623:on 2023-05-29
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525:Scottish Rite
521:
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505:Schwatka Lake
499:
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494:Salem, Oregon
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385:Chilkoot Pass
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346:Joe Ebierbing
343:
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328:Traveling to
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260:
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32:
27:
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4278:Pole of Cold
4276:
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4081:Borchgrevink
4073:
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3521:Pourquoi-Pas
3520:
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3504:
3496:
3491:Orcadas Base
3489:
3481:
3468:
3462:C. A. Larsen
3450:
3442:
3428:
3421:
3408:
3400:
3394:Borchgrevink
3387:
3379:
3336:
3328:
3303:C. A. Larsen
3296:
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2381:
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2332:
2317:
2303:
2294:
2281:
2252:
2240:Investigator
2239:
2230:
2206:
2193:
2185:
2176:
2163:
2134:
2111:
2096:
2081:
2051:
2036:
2006:
1925:
1905:
1876:
1872:Erik the Red
1854:
1832:
1825:
1782:submersibles
1779:
1773:Arktika 2007
1771:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1738:
1729:
1726:
1707:
1705:
1698:
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1606:
1572:
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1527:S. A. Andrée
1519:
1506:
1481:
1473:
1470:
1446:
1428:
1415:
1406:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1343:
1175:Open Library
1136:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1068:
1054:
1040:
1022:
1002:November 17,
1000:. Retrieved
991:
982:
973:
964:
952:. Retrieved
948:
939:
916:
910:
900:September 1,
898:. Retrieved
892:
885:
876:
872:
866:
859:
848:
829:
820:
808:. Retrieved
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
721:
714:
705:
664:
661:Polar Record
660:
636:
625:. Retrieved
618:the original
605:
601:
588:
576:. Retrieved
571:
522:
517:
513:Sharps rifle
503:
478:Coconino Sun
477:
467:
465:
455:
451:
447:
445:
417:
401:Alaska Range
378:
375:Later career
367:
358:
333:
327:
300:
243:East Prussia
232:
194:
193:
167:Battles/wars
69:(1892-11-02)
4354:1892 deaths
4349:1849 births
3981:Lake Vostok
3931:Tryoshnikov
3853:Schlossbach
3744:Christensen
3686:James Caird
3607:E. R. Evans
3373:Dobrowolski
3343:de Gerlache
3045:Expeditions
2931:Aviaarktika
2885:Samoylovich
2756:Kolomeitsev
2650:Middendorff
2610:Gedenshtrom
2030:I. Fyodorov
1792:Chilingarov
1680:E. Fyodorov
1287:Expeditions
1015:Works cited
865:"Review of
518:MV Schwatka
450:(1885) and
405:White River
381:Yukon River
362:John Irving
4343:Categories
4204:Terra Nova
4109:Shackleton
4052:J. C. Ross
4011:Resolution
4001:South Pole
3776:New Swabia
3700:Mackintosh
3672:Shackleton
3591:Terra Nova
3584:Terra Nova
3318:Heroic Age
3278:Challenger
3238:J. C. Ross
3148:Bransfield
3080:Resolution
2995:icebreaker
2959:Chelyuskin
2700:expedition
2678:Expedition
2620:Matyushkin
2578:Kh. Laptev
2573:Chelyuskin
2467:Heemskerck
2457:Chancellor
2452:Willoughby
2447:Koch boats
2390:Stefansson
2324:McClintock
2288:Inglefield
2130:J. C. Ross
2037:Resolution
1889:Cunningham
1787:Sagalevich
1476:expedition
1435:Stephenson
1395:C. F. Hall
1382:expedition
1356:J. C. Ross
1319:Heemskerck
1306:North Pole
627:2009-07-11
608:(3): 302.
548:References
389:Bering Sea
330:Hudson Bay
104:Allegiance
47:1849-09-29
4303:Tolstikov
4089:Discovery
4059:HMS
4044:HMS
4026:Adventure
4024:HMS
4009:HMS
3945:Tolstikov
3666:Endurance
3451:Antarctic
3436:Drygalski
3409:Discovery
3402:Discovery
3363:Arctowski
3276:HMS
3249:HMS
3243:Abernethy
3231:HMS
3209:USS
3196:Vincennes
3194:USS
3174:Astrolabe
3114:San Telmo
3095:Adventure
3093:HMS
3078:HMS
3073:Kerguelen
3035:Continent
3020:Antarctic
2897:Urvantsev
2855:Vilkitsky
2708:Jeannette
2706:USS
2698:Jeannette
2662:Weyprecht
2640:Pakhtusov
2590:Chichagov
2583:D. Laptev
2526:Permyakov
2501:Stadukhin
2496:Perfilyev
2473:Mangazeya
2411:H. Larsen
2376:Rasmussen
2331:HMS
2302:USS
2251:HMS
2238:HMS
2202:Collinson
2192:HMS
2184:HMS
2162:HMS
2110:HMS
2095:HMS
2080:HMS
2065:Mackenzie
2052:Discovery
2050:HMS
2035:HMS
2007:Discovery
1986:Frobisher
1949:Rasmussen
1862:Gunnbjörn
1808:Greenland
1737:USS
1728:USS
1600:Ellsworth
1542:Roosevelt
1472:Nansen's
1429:Discovery
1427:HMS
1414:HMS
1361:Abernethy
1329:Marmaduke
954:March 18,
925:cite book
839:Fiske, J.
810:21 August
741:979781461
697:145350570
689:1475-3057
482:Flagstaff
411:into the
366:HMS
4315:A. Fuchs
4272:V. Fuchs
4252:McKinley
4215:E. Evans
4174:Bjaaland
4169:Amundsen
4119:Marshall
4032:Furneaux
3884:V. Fuchs
3848:E. Ronne
3843:F. Ronne
3782:Ritscher
3636:SY
3624:Filchner
3568:Framheim
3562:Amundsen
3368:Racoviță
3353:Amundsen
3348:Lecointe
3217:Ringgold
3211:Porpoise
3101:Furneaux
2937:Shevelev
2892:Begichev
2871:Amundsen
2833:Nagórski
2811:Brusilov
2805:Sv. Anna
2719:Melville
2689:Palander
2645:Tsivolko
2605:Sannikov
2600:Billings
2543:Chirikov
2462:Barentsz
2404:St. Roch
2395:Bartlett
2369:Amundsen
2353:Sverdrup
2253:Resolute
2142:Franklin
2070:Kotzebue
1937:Sverdrup
1920:Scoresby
1894:Lindenov
1745:Plaisted
1730:Nautilus
1675:Shirshov
1649:Belyakov
1644:Baydukov
1618:Nautilus
1580:Amundsen
1540:SS
1499:Sverdrup
1494:Johansen
1464:Brainard
1459:Lockwood
1314:Barentsz
1207:LibriVox
1130:Articles
996:Archived
578:March 5,
535:See also
490:laudanum
476:but the
474:morphine
283:Nebraska
122:Service/
74:Portland
58:Illinois
4320:Messner
4267:Hillary
4247:Balchen
4195:Polheim
4189:Wisting
4067:Crozier
4039:Weddell
4017:J. Cook
3987:Kapitsa
3968:Fiennes
3910:Klenova
3879:Hillary
3829:Ketchum
3755:BANZARE
3730:·
3575:Polheim
3541:Shirase
3527:Charcot
3337:Belgica
3256:Crozier
3168:Morrell
3163:Weddell
3141:Lazarev
3086:J. Cook
3040:History
2990:Arktika
2966:Krassin
2951:Voronin
2923:Schmidt
2909:Ushakov
2848:Vaygach
2816:Albanov
2785:Rusanov
2766:Kolchak
2761:Matisen
2735:Makarov
2714:De Long
2615:Wrangel
2595:Lyakhov
2548:Malygin
2506:Dezhnev
2333:Pandora
2304:Advance
2271:Kennedy
2266:Belcher
2259:Kellett
2246:McClure
2170:Beechey
2164:Blossom
2157:Simpson
2125:Crozier
2118:Hoppner
2075:J. Ross
2043:J. Cook
1991:Gilbert
1884:J. Hall
1850:Ingólfr
1840:Naddodd
1834:Vikings
1821:Brendan
1816:Pytheas
1804:Iceland
1758:Arktika
1750:Herbert
1715:Badygin
1685:Krenkel
1670:Papanin
1639:Chkalov
1625:Wilkins
1590:Wisting
1534:F. Cook
1440:Markham
1400:Bessels
1389:Polaris
1380:Polaris
1351:J. Ross
1334:Carolus
1282:History
1196:at the
873:Science
669:Bibcode
486:Arizona
251:Bethany
247:Bavaria
4230:Bowers
4225:Wilson
4184:Hassel
4179:Helmer
4148:Mackay
4138:Mawson
4103:Nimrod
4061:Terror
4046:Erebus
3973:Burton
3768:Rymill
3644:Mawson
3638:Aurora
3617:Lashly
3602:Wilson
3505:Nimrod
3482:Scotia
3289:Murray
3264:Cooper
3251:Terror
3233:Erebus
3202:Wilkes
3153:Palmer
3121:Vostok
3068:Bouvet
2992:-class
2972:Gakkel
2840:Taymyr
2821:Konrad
2790:Kuchin
2728:Yermak
2635:Lavrov
2553:Ovtsyn
2538:Bering
2516:Ivanov
2479:Hudson
2441:Pomors
2418:Cowper
2383:Karluk
2282:Isabel
2276:Bellot
2226:Austin
2194:Terror
2186:Erebus
2082:Griper
2058:Clerke
2018:Baffin
2001:Hudson
1932:Nansen
1845:Garðar
1766:Barneo
1633:ANT-25
1609:Italia
1585:Nobile
1554:Henson
1513:Amedeo
1489:Nansen
1454:Greely
1324:Hudson
1262:Arctic
1061:
1047:
1029:
739:
729:
695:
687:
602:Arctic
500:Legacy
434:, and
432:Geneva
428:Bremen
368:Terror
334:Eothen
321:, and
207:Alaska
124:branch
113:
97:Oregon
84:Buried
78:Oregon
54:Galena
4310:Crary
4257:Dufek
4220:Oates
4210:Scott
4143:David
4124:Adams
4095:Barne
3916:Mirny
3905:Somov
3715:Quest
3612:Crean
3597:Scott
3476:Bruce
3430:Gauss
3423:Gauss
3297:Jason
3284:Nares
3158:Davis
3135:Mirny
3108:Smith
3063:Roché
2983:Lenin
2903:Sadko
2828:Wiese
2773:Sedov
2744:Zarya
2667:Payer
2630:Litke
2625:Anjou
2558:Minin
2521:Vagin
2511:Popov
2484:Poole
2339:Young
2152:Dease
2097:Hecla
2088:Parry
2013:Bylot
1996:Davis
1971:Cabot
1944:Peary
1926:Jason
1913:Egede
1827:Papar
1739:Skate
1720:Wiese
1700:NP-37
1693:NP-36
1573:Norge
1561:Sedov
1549:Peary
1507:Jason
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