220:
173:
408:
391:
203:
author. Although the Flower family remained an Anglo-Portuguese family, they never transferred the photographs to
England. Whenever a member of the family returned to England, he or she deposited the collection with another family member who remained in Portugal. The calotype negatives have mainly survived in good condition, but some of the prints have not.
202:
of
Portugal. In 1928, his grandson, Harold M. Flower, commissioned new prints obtained from the calotypes and toured the north of Portugal to try to identify the places photographed by his grandfather. The family had carefully preserved the photographs, also collecting historical memories about its
140:
in 1834, where he took up a position with the Port wine exporters, Smith
Woodhouse & Company. He stayed at the home of the owner of the company, Robert Woodhouse, as was customary for young Englishmen moving to Portugal to work in the wine trade. Following the death of his father, he was joined
197:
Flower briefly returned to
England in 1874 for health reasons but he and his wife returned to Porto later, where he died on 18 July 1889. For more than a century, Flower's direct descendants ensured the conservation of his photographs before donating them to the National Photography Archive of the
215:
in 1994. The total collection consists of 216 calotypes and 101 proofs on salted paper (together with later proofs). This allowed the photographs to be appraised not just for their historical record but also for their artistic style, as noted by André Rouillé in the
Exhibition Catalogue. An
164:
river, who took up amateur photography around 1853, although information was first made available in the
Revista Literária published in Porto. Flower made most of his calotypes between 1853 and 1858. He was also the Portuguese pioneer of the use of
206:
Because his photographs were retained by the family, Flower had been relatively unknown in
Portugal, apart from through one or two magazine articles. This changed after the State acquired his photographs and an exhibition was held at the
188:
on the opposite bank of the Douro, where the port companies were based. However, he also travelled widely in northern
Portugal. His photographs provide an important record of aspects of everyday life in Portugal at that time.
216:
examination of the collection shows strong evidence of Flower's technical skills and mastery of photographic techniques as well as deliberate attempts to experiment.
446:
208:
144:
It is not known exactly when Flower took up photography or from where he obtained the necessary expertise. He was one of the first people in
Portugal to use the
476:
199:
441:
219:
33:
451:
172:
461:
184:
and was known to sometimes touch up the negatives to create an artificial cloud effect. His photographs were usually taken in Porto and in
169:. Flower is likely to have obtained his photographic supplies from British suppliers and received instructions along with those supplies.
395:
466:
329:
456:
112:(22 February 1815 – 18 July 1889) was a Scottish-Portuguese photographer. He is considered one of the pioneers of photography in
471:
245:
278:
Frederick W. Flower, Carlos Relvas, Jorge
Almeida Lima, A. Paz dos Reis, Benoliel e San Payo. Antigas fotografias
157:
298:
132:, where his father had been sent to work. At an early age his parents moved back to England, living in
436:
431:
133:
325:
185:
166:
153:
413:
371:
Mesquita, Vitório; Afonso, Simonetta; Pessoa, José; Gray, Michael; Rouillé, André (1994).
32:
84:
425:
345:
156:
in England from the late 1830s. He may have learned of the calotype process from
116:. Most of his photographs from between 1849 and 1859 have been well-preserved.
403:
145:
181:
390:
149:
129:
113:
212:
141:
in Portugal in 1836 by his mother, brother and two younger sisters.
276:
161:
137:
125:
72:
53:
373:
Frederick William Flower: Um Pioneiro da Fotografia Portuguesa
303:
British Historical Society of Portugal Annual Report
223:
View of Amarante on the Tãmega River, North Portugal
99:
91:
80:
61:
39:
23:
16:Pioneering British photographer living in Portugal
124:Frederick Flower was born on 22 February 1815 in
322:Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography
8:
193:Preservation and exhibition of photographs
31:
20:
218:
200:General-Directorate of Cultural Heritage
171:
270:
268:
266:
233:
292:
290:
288:
239:
237:
136:. It was from there that he sailed to
447:19th-century Portuguese photographers
176:View of Porto taken by Flower in 1849
7:
477:Portuguese people of British descent
299:"Frederick William Flower 1815-1889"
442:19th-century Scottish photographers
209:National Museum of Contemporary Art
14:
406:
389:
1:
452:British emigrants to Portugal
462:Photographers from Edinburgh
360:– via Newspapers.com.
320:Hannavy, John, ed. (2008).
493:
352:. 1 August 1889. p. 4
246:"Frederick William Flower"
95:Wine producer and exporter
275:Pomar, Alexandre (1994).
160:, famous for mapping the
30:
467:Portuguese photographers
396:Frederick William Flower
180:Flower prepared his own
110:Frederick William Flower
25:Frederick William Flower
457:Pioneers of photography
244:Luz Afonso, Simonetta.
152:processes developed by
224:
177:
158:Joseph James Forrester
297:Flower, Jane (1994).
222:
182:photographic emulsion
175:
398:at Wikimedia Commons
281:. Lisbon: Expresso.
103:Photography pioneer
225:
178:
472:People from Leith
394:Media related to
375:. Lisbon: Electa.
186:Vila Nova de Gaia
167:strip photography
107:
106:
484:
416:
411:
410:
409:
393:
377:
376:
368:
362:
361:
359:
357:
342:
336:
335:
324:. p. 1151.
317:
311:
310:
294:
283:
282:
272:
261:
260:
258:
256:
241:
154:Henry Fox Talbot
68:
50:22 February 1815
49:
47:
35:
21:
492:
491:
487:
486:
485:
483:
482:
481:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:Portugal portal
412:
407:
405:
386:
381:
380:
370:
369:
365:
355:
353:
350:The York Herald
344:
343:
339:
332:
319:
318:
314:
296:
295:
286:
274:
273:
264:
254:
252:
243:
242:
235:
230:
195:
122:
76:
70:
66:
57:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
490:
488:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
424:
423:
418:
417:
402:
401:
400:
399:
385:
384:External links
382:
379:
378:
363:
337:
330:
312:
284:
262:
232:
231:
229:
226:
194:
191:
121:
118:
105:
104:
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:(aged 74)
63:
59:
58:
52:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
489:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
415:
404:
397:
392:
388:
387:
383:
374:
367:
364:
351:
347:
341:
338:
333:
331:9780415972352
327:
323:
316:
313:
308:
304:
300:
293:
291:
289:
285:
280:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
251:
247:
240:
238:
234:
227:
221:
217:
214:
210:
204:
201:
192:
190:
187:
183:
174:
170:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
119:
117:
115:
111:
102:
98:
94:
92:Occupation(s)
90:
86:
83:
79:
74:
64:
60:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
372:
366:
354:. Retrieved
349:
340:
321:
315:
306:
302:
277:
253:. Retrieved
249:
205:
196:
179:
146:salted paper
143:
123:
109:
108:
67:(1889-07-18)
65:18 July 1889
18:
437:1889 deaths
432:1815 births
81:Nationality
426:Categories
228:References
75:, Portugal
56:, Scotland
46:1815-02-22
346:"Deaths"
309:: 29–36.
150:calotype
130:Scotland
114:Portugal
120:History
85:British
356:15 May
328:
255:15 May
213:Lisbon
162:Douro
138:Porto
126:Leith
73:Porto
54:Leith
358:2020
326:ISBN
257:2020
250:MNAC
148:and
134:Hull
62:Died
40:Born
211:in
428::
348:.
307:21
305:.
301:.
287:^
265:^
248:.
236:^
128:,
334:.
259:.
87:;
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
