75:. Many plantation owners and others in the landowning class made it clear they would never sell land to freed slaves, but provide only tied accommodation at the rents they chose. The aim of the estate owners was to prevent free labour choice such as movement between employers, and to keep labour costs low or negligible upon abolition of slavery. To circumvent this, the leaders of predominantly African-Caribbean Baptist chapels worked with their Baptist and Quaker contacts in England to arrange to buy land through land agents in London, in order to avoid detection. They would hold Jamaican land in order to establish Free Villages independent of estate owners.
367:. Within the last few days the tales of cruelty to which I have listened, have been numerous indeed; for the people, knowing how much advantage is taken of their ignorance, are sure to repair to their ministers for sympathy and advice. In some cases, where the wages have been withheld for months, the people are summoned for the rent of their dwellings which are upon the very property where they have been labouring. Last week from the mere caprice of the overseer, a family on one estate were ejected from their dwelling at a moment's notice, although their rent had been paid.
133:). He worked throughout his life in Radical political actions supporting pacifism, working-class rights, and the universal emancipation of slaves. He sponsored the purchase and settlement of Mt. Abyla, which was divided into village lots and sold to 100 families. One of those families was the Nugents, believed to be descendants of Gov. George Nugent and Lady Maria Nugent. Clarence Nugent married Lucetta Campbell, and they had five children, four girls and one son: Minetta, Cindella, Jean, Enid, and Oscar.
1738:
1750:
86:. Under the scheme, the land became available to the freed slaves upon emancipation, by division into lots at not-for-profit rents, or for full ownership and title, where they could live free from their former masters' control. Phillippo's success in St. Catherine emboldened him; he founded a Free Village in
342:
No Free
Villages were named after the emerging African-Caribbean local leaders, although free Jamaicans became ordained as deacons in many of the Baptist chapels. They also conducted the schools and public services in chapels where there was no fully English-trained minister available. (For example,
136:
Clarence Nugent may be one of
Governor George Nugent's grandsons. George Nugent, the 1st Baronet, became governor of Jamaica in April 1801. In 1797 he had married Maria Skinner, a daughter of Cortlandt Skinner, the Attorney-General of New Jersey, United States and a descendant of the Schuyler and
50:
in
Jamaica, who raised funds in Great Britain to buy land to be granted to freedmen after emancipation. The planters had vowed not to sell any land to freedmen after slavery was finally abolished in the Empire in 1838; they wanted to retain freedmen as agricultural workers. The Free Villages were
121:
Sturge Town was founded in 1838 as a Free
Village and still survives. It is a small rural village about 10 miles from Brown's Town, Saint Ann Parish. The village is located on the northeast coast on the island of Jamaica. It is arguably the first free village in the Western Hemisphere but was
197:, arranged through Rev. George Blyth, a minister of the Scottish Missionary Society and funded by his congregation. Unusual, in being established subject to a raft of local rules and regulations devised by Blyth, or established with his approval.
339:, a female Quaker abolitionist. Pickering and Tyrell said that naming was "a brave initiative that honoured women in an active, albeit gendered role as reformers at a time when custom frowned on their participation in the public world".
355:, and other Christian or abolitionist circles. For freedmen who continued to work on the plantation estates, conditions could sometimes be harsh. Some escaped to live as best they could in historically Maroon communities in the hills.
137:
Van
Cortlandt families of British North America. Nugent and Maria had three sons and two daughters together. Lady Nugent wrote a journal of her experiences in Jamaica, which was first published in 1907.
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Although the concept of Free
Villages proved an immediate success, and many were set up, their establishment depended partly upon success in raising money in England through the Baptists, the Quaker
261:, executed in 1832 after the Baptist War slave rebellion until he died for the cause of abolition and freedom. Today the Free Village's playing field is named 'Burchell Field' after the missionary.
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Another circumstance, my dear sir, which has occasioned much surprise, is the frequency with which the most flagrant acts of oppression are practiced by the
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An
English Baptist minister, arriving in Jamaica for the first time in 1841, described his surprise at the bleakness of the situation after emancipation:
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Although many of the Free
Villages were named after a British man of widely accepted influence or importance, perhaps to help raise funds in England, the
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Henry Lunan, formerly an enslaved headman at
Hampstead Estate, purchased the first plot in the very first Free Village or Baptist Free Village at
82:(a British Baptist pastor and abolitionist in Jamaica) were able to discreetly purchase land, unbeknown to the plantation owners, in the hills of
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For example, in 1835, using land agents and
Baptist financiers in England, the African-Caribbean congregation of the Rev.
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169:) finance being raised through the process pioneered by Rev. John Clark's Baptist chapel, with the support of
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often founded around a Baptist church, and missionaries worked to found schools as well in these settlements.
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After the enslaved Africans were emancipated in 1834, they helped established two churches in Sturge Town:
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congregations, deacons and ministers pioneered the Caribbean concept of Free Villages with the English
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This village was named after Joseph Sturge (1793-May 1859), an English Quaker and abolitionist from
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and Joseph Sturge were Moral Radicals and Nonconformists rather than in the political mainstream.
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where, to this day, some of the inhabitants still bear the family names of the original settlers.
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Henry Beckford served in this way at Staceyville before and after his visit to London in 1840).
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Contested Sites: Commemoration, Memorial and Popular Politics in Nineteenth Century Britain
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There are many similar Free Villages in the Caribbean established through the work of
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293:(the name is believed to derive from 'try and see'), an early Free Village in the
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461:, Paul A. Pickering & Alex Tyrell (editors), Ashgate Publishing: 2004,
114:. In 2007, a plaque was erected at Witter Park, Sligoville on 23 May, as a
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110:, the Jamaican Governor at the time of abolition), ten miles north of
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owners and other major estates. The concept was initiated by English
129:, who founded the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (now
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Conditions after abolition for freedmen estate workers
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event - to commemorate Jamaica's first Free Village.
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225:, (named after the birthplace of William Knibb).
102:(in Saint Catherine parish and named after the
512:For the definition of city, town, etc., see:
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8:
245:, a little seaside village on the way from
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59:Starting in the 1830s, in anticipation of
205:(named after the abolitionist Englishman
181:(named after the abolitionist Englishman
165:(named after the abolitionist Englishman
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7:
387:Jamaica: Its Past and Present State,
156:chapels. In Jamaica, these include:
269:, the first free village in Jamaica
1785:Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
93:
25:
144:and New Testament Church of God.
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1736:
389:Publisher, J. Snow, 1843, pp.68
148:Other examples of Free Villages
1:
415:by Pickering and Tyrell, 2004
403:by Pickering and Tyrell, 2004
35:settlements, particularly in
335:One village was named after
94:Jamaica's first Free Village
1780:Populated places in Jamaica
447:Further reading and sources
1806:
324:, settled by Elijah Morris
131:Anti-Slavery International
1731:
1177:Hopewell, Saint Elizabeth
509:
285:; also arranged as above.
61:emancipation from slavery
167:Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton
142:Phillippo Baptist Church
1182:Hopewell, Westmoreland
1167:Hopewell, Saint Andrew
514:Settlements in Jamaica
503:Settlements in Jamaica
90:later that same year.
84:Saint Catherine parish
55:Pioneering the concept
1529:Mountain View Gardens
453:The Baptist Magazine,
235:Moravian missionaries
31:is the term used for
1755:Geography portal
1162:Hopewell, Manchester
255:Rev. Thomas Burchell
215:Rev. William Knibb's
1409:Forest Hills Garden
1339:Bournemouth Gardens
1172:Hopewell, Saint Ann
1157:Hopewell, Clarendon
257:, whose deacon was
233:, arranged through
213:, arranged through
193:, on the border of
127:Birmingham, England
122:registered second.
1743:Jamaica portal
1703:Washington Gardens
1683:Three Oaks Gardens
1534:Nannyville Gardens
1509:Meadowbrook Estate
1369:Cooreville Gardens
195:Saint James parish
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1107:Cattawood Springs
776:Hopewell, Hanover
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330:Jamaican Baptists
108:Marquess of Sligo
16:(Redirected from
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1790:Types of village
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1474:Kingston Gardens
1359:Cockburn Gardens
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1277:Sherwood Content
1117:Claverty Cottage
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437:Baptist Magazine
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207:Granville Sharp
183:Thomas Clarkson
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80:James Phillippo
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154:Nonconformist
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71:abolitionist
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19:
1589:Patrick City
1549:Newport West
1544:New Kingston
1524:Mona Heights
1439:Harbour View
1389:Duhaney Park
1132:Haddersfield
1001:Spanish Town
986:Seaford Town
921:Port Antonio
811:Lluidas Vale
751:Green Island
736:Golden Grove
676:Croft's Hill
666:Clark's Town
631:Bull Savanna
621:Brown's Town
458:
455:London: 1841
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436:
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295:Brown's Town
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124:
120:
112:Spanish Town
97:
77:
58:
48:missionaries
29:Free Village
28:
26:
18:Free Village
1693:Trench Town
1504:Meadowbrook
1464:Jack's Hill
1454:Hope Tavern
1434:Hannah Town
1384:Denham Town
1374:Cross Roads
1319:Allman Town
1257:Port Morant
1247:Paynes Town
1217:New Holland
1127:Duckenfield
1067:Airy Castle
1031:White House
961:Runaway Bay
956:Rocky Point
936:Race Course
911:Petersfield
891:Old Harbour
846:Maroon Town
836:Manchioneal
801:Lionel Town
746:Grange Hill
741:Gordon Town
646:Cave Valley
606:Black River
601:Bethel Town
581:Annotto Bay
561:Albert Town
556:Above Rocks
535:Montego Bay
337:Anne Knight
278:Sturge Town
273:Sturgeville
251:Montego Bay
104:Howe Browne
1774:Categories
1678:Three Mile
1673:Stony Hill
1663:South Side
1614:Queensbury
1604:Port Royal
1469:Jones Town
1419:Grants Pen
1344:Camperdown
1287:White Hall
1282:Sligoville
1267:Roxborough
1222:New Market
1212:Nanny Town
1207:Montpelier
1197:Mavis Bank
1137:Hagley Gap
1122:Cotterwood
1011:Stonehenge
1006:Southfield
976:Santa Cruz
951:Riversdale
926:Port Maria
916:Point Hill
901:Oracabessa
871:Morant Bay
866:Moore Town
851:Mavis Bank
841:Mandeville
821:Lucky Hill
756:Guy's Hill
716:Frankfield
671:Coleyville
656:Christiana
611:Bluefields
566:Alexandria
373:References
314:Carmichael
266:Sligoville
259:Sam Sharpe
116:Labour Day
100:Sligoville
88:Oracabessa
41:plantation
1658:Six Miles
1624:Red Hills
1539:New Haven
1459:Hughenden
1444:Havendale
1414:Four Mile
1312:St Andrew
1292:Wood Hall
1237:Nine Mile
1232:Newcastle
1227:New Roads
1192:Long Wood
1092:Broughton
1077:Big Woods
1057:Accompong
1026:Wakefield
971:Sandy Bay
946:Rio Bueno
886:Ocho Rios
781:Islington
701:Easington
686:Darliston
661:Claremont
651:Chapelton
636:Cambridge
586:Balaclava
365:overseers
242:Sandy Bay
230:Maidstone
222:Kettering
202:Granville
33:Caribbean
1634:Rockfort
1619:Rae Town
1569:Oaklands
1559:Norbrook
1499:Maxfield
1484:Liguanea
1329:Barbican
1308:Kingston
1242:Old Pera
1097:Bull Bay
1087:Boscobel
1050:Villages
991:Seaforth
941:Richmond
861:Moneague
826:Maggotty
796:Linstead
771:Hope Bay
766:Highgate
711:Falmouth
626:Buff Bay
616:Bog Walk
540:Portmore
530:Kingston
307:Adelaide
211:Trelawny
190:Goodwill
1668:St Mary
1479:Kintyre
1324:Arcadia
1272:San San
1262:Revival
1147:Hopeton
1041:Yallahs
856:May Pen
831:Malvern
791:Lacovia
786:Kellits
706:Ewarton
696:Duncans
641:Cascade
576:Anchovy
321:Gambier
65:Baptist
45:Baptist
37:Jamaica
1579:Papine
1187:Kendal
1142:Hodges
1102:Carmel
996:Siloah
881:Negril
681:Dalvey
591:Bamboo
523:Cities
465:
290:Trysee
209:), in
162:Buxton
106:, 2nd
69:Quaker
931:Porus
816:Lucea
761:Hayes
731:Gayle
726:Frome
549:Towns
297:area.
247:Lucea
1519:Mona
876:Nain
596:Bath
463:ISBN
1310:and
1082:Bog
275:or
249:to
1776::
1636:/
516:.
495:e
488:t
481:v
173:.
27:'
20:)
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