1358:
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576:
2235:
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1559:
809:
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943:
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677:
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1627:
36:
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666:
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621:
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131:
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2165:
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2285:
2175:
742:
246:
932:
438:
2195:
2155:
1075:
1042:
1009:
965:
798:
688:
2215:
1123:
1020:
921:
731:
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877:
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910:
832:
588:
888:
711:
632:
610:
564:
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998:
765:
456:
independence from surrounding territorial lords for a considerable time, even though no formal right to independence existed. These cities were typically located in small territories where the ruler was weak. They were the exception among the multitude of territorial towns and cities. Cities of both latter categories normally had representation in territorial
350:, that were initially subjected to a prince-bishop and, likewise, progressively gained independence from that lord. In a few cases, such as in Cologne, the former ecclesiastical lord continued to claim the right to exercise some residual feudal privileges over the Free City, a claim that gave rise to constant litigation almost until the end of the Empire.
1112:
1589:
417:
There were approximately four thousand towns and cities in the Empire, although around the year 1600 over nine-tenths of them had fewer than one thousand inhabitants. During the Late Middle Ages, fewer than two hundred of these places ever enjoyed the status of Free
Imperial Cities, and some of those
1202:
The territory of most Free
Imperial Cities was generally quite small but there were exceptions. The largest territories formed in what is now Switzerland with cities like Bern, Zürich and Luzern, but also cities like Ulm, Nuremberg and Hamburg in what is now Germany possessed substantial hinterlands
1145:
Despite this somewhat unequal status of the cities in the functioning of the
Imperial Diet, their full admittance to that federal institution was crucial in clarifying their hitherto uncertain status and in legitimizing their permanent existence as full-fledged Imperial Estates. Constitutionally, if
1265:
The number of
Imperial Cities shrank over time until the Peace of Westphalia. There were more in areas that were very fragmented politically, such as Swabia and Franconia in the southwest, than in the North and the East where the larger and more powerful territories, such as Brandenburg and Saxony,
1162:
Having probably learned from experience that there was not much to gain from active, and costly, participation in the
Imperial Diet's proceedings due to the lack of empathy of the princes, the cities made little use of their representation in that body. By about 1700, almost all the cities with the
1142:) was confirmed, although they failed to secure parity of representation with the two other colleges. To avoid the possibility that they would have the casting vote in case of a tie between the Electors and the Princes, it was decided that these should decide first and consult the cities afterward.
451:
Unlike the Free
Imperial Cities, the second category of towns and cities, now called "territorial cities" were subject to an ecclesiastical or lay lord, and while many of them enjoyed self-government to varying degrees, this was a precarious privilege which might be curtailed or abolished according
353:
Over time, the difference between
Imperial Cities and Free Cities became increasingly blurred, so that they became collectively known as "Free Imperial Cities", or "Free and Imperial Cities", and by the late 15th century, many cities included both "Free" and "Imperial" in their name. Like the other
505:
of 1521, the imperial civil and military tax-schedule used for more than a century to assess the contributions of all the
Imperial Estates in case of a war formally declared by the Imperial Diet. The military and monetary contribution of each city is indicated in parentheses. For instance Cologne
377:
In the course of the Middle Ages, cities gained, and sometimes – if rarely – lost, their freedom through the vicissitudes of power politics. Some favored cities gained charters by gift. Others purchased one from a prince in need of funds. Some won it by force of arms
455:
Reflecting the complex constitutional set-up of the Holy Roman Empire, a third category, composed of semi-autonomous cities that belonged to neither of those two types, is distinguished by some historians. These were cities whose size and economic strength was sufficient to sustain a substantial
1261:
Urban conflicts in Free
Imperial Cities, which sometimes amounted to class warfare, were not uncommon in the Early Modern Age, particularly in the 17th century (Lübeck, 1598–1669; Schwäbisch Hall, 1601–1604; Frankfurt, 1612–1614; Wezlar, 1612–1615; Erfurt, 1648–1664; Cologne, 1680–1685; Hamburg
1226:, where the patriciate ruled alone. To the common town dweller – whether he lived in a prestigious Free Imperial City like Frankfurt, Augsburg or Nuremberg, or in a small market town such as there were hundreds throughout Germany – attaining burgher status (
1262:
1678–1693, 1702–1708). Sometimes, as in the case of
Hamburg in 1708, the situation was considered sufficiently serious to warrant the dispatch of an Imperial commissioner with troops to restore order and negotiate a compromise and a new city constitution between the warring parties.
1203:
or fiefs that comprised dozens of villages and thousands of subject peasants who did not enjoy the same rights as the urban population. At the opposite end, the authority of Cologne, Aachen, Worms, Goslar, Wetzlar, Augsburg and Regensburg barely extended beyond the city walls.
264:
The evolution of some German cities into self-ruling constitutional entities of the Empire was slower than that of the secular and ecclesiastical princes. In the course of the 13th and 14th centuries, some cities were promoted by the emperor to the status of Imperial Cities
1237:
The burgher status was usually an inherited privilege renewed pro-forma in each generation of the family concerned but it could also be purchased. At times, the sale of burgher status could be a significant item of town income as fiscal records show. The
1221:
Below them, with a say in the government of the city, were the citizens or burghers, the smaller, privileged section of the city's permanent population whose number varied according to the rule of citizenship of each city. There were exceptions, such as
1888:
contained errors. Some of the 85 cities listed were not free imperial cities (for instance Lemgo) while some cities were omitted (Bremen). Among cities on the list, Metz, Toul, Verdun, Besançon, Cambrai, Strasburg, and the 10 cities of the Alsatian
1376:
in Europe, this trend accelerated enormously. After 1795, the areas west of the Rhine were annexed to France by the revolutionary armies, suppressing the independence of Imperial Cities as diverse as Cologne, Aachen, Speyer and Worms. Then, the
517:, in which case each member's contribution was doubled or tripled. At the time, the free imperial cities were considered wealthy and the monetary contribution of Nuremberg, Ulm and Cologne for instance were as high as that of the Electors (
1249:
The burghers were usually the lowest social group to have political power and privilege within the Holy Roman Empire. Below them was the disenfranchised urban population, maybe half of the total in many cities, the so-called "residents"
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
1258:) or "guests": smaller artisans, craftsmen, street venders, day laborers, servants and the poor, and those whose residence in the city was temporary, such as wintering noblemen, foreign merchants, princely officials, and so on.
378:
during the troubled 13th and 14th centuries and others lost their privileges during the same period by the same way. Some cities became free through the void created by the extinction of dominant families, like the Swabian
401:, were stripped by the Emperor of their status as a Free City – for genuine or trumped-up reasons. This rarely happened after the Reformation, and of the sixty Free Imperial Cities that remained at the
1508:, a most peculiar city: an officially Lutheran city that was the seat of the Catholic prince-bishopric of Regensburg, its prince-bishop and cathedral chapter. The Imperial City also housed three Imperial abbeys:
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354:
Imperial Estates, they could wage war, make peace, and control their own trade, and they permitted little interference from outside. In the later Middle Ages, a number of Free Cities formed City Leagues (
281:), essentially for fiscal reasons. Those cities, which had been founded by the German kings and emperors in the 10th through 13th centuries and had initially been administered by royal/imperial stewards (
1570:
1408:
Under pressure from Napoleon, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. By 1811, all of the Imperial Cities had lost their independence – Augsburg and Nuremberg had been annexed by
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was located, were represented by various Regensburg lawyers and officials who often represented several cities simultaneously. Instead, many cities found it more profitable to maintain agents at the
2918:
5491:
1451:
in 1815, Hamburg, Lübeck, Bremen, and Frankfurt were once again made Free Cities, this time enjoying total sovereignty as all the members of the loose Confederation. Frankfurt was annexed by
1357:
3715:
552:
The following list contains the 50 free imperial cities that took part in the Imperial Diet of 1792. They are listed according to their voting order on the Rhenish and Swabian benches.
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1611:
5471:
1605:
in Wetzlar, 1750. The Imperial city was saved from oblivion in 1689 when it was decided to move the Imperial Chamber Court to Wetzlar from Speyer, too exposed to French aggression.
2078:
447:
of 1521. It indicates the number of horsemen (left hand column) and infantry (right hand column) which each Imperial Estate had to contribute to the defence of the Empire.
3045:
2258:
3708:
2940:
2330:
4129:
3408:
5486:
1817:
3738:
1498:, which had never been a Free City in its history, received the status of a state after the war due to its special position in divided post-war Germany.
5522:
4860:
3701:
79:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
87:
1313:
gained its formal independence from the Empire in 1648, it had been de facto independent since 1499, the independence of the Imperial Cities of
4766:
5517:
2100:
3649:
4980:
4018:
430:) of 1521 listed eighty-five such cities, and this figure had fallen to sixty-five by the time of the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. From the
291:), gradually gained independence as their city magistrates assumed the duties of administration and justice; some prominent examples are
4985:
4413:
3917:
2907:
4912:
4079:
2933:
2323:
1626:
170:), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the
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4655:
3228:
1701:, which, while still formally independent from 1648 to 1679, had been placed under the heavy-handed "protection" of the French king.
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in 1871 and consequently were no longer fully sovereign as they lost control over defence, foreign affairs and a few other fields.
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171:
3203:
2687:
1558:
4935:
4875:
4835:
4741:
4719:
4503:
4158:
4153:
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2014:
1206:
The constitution of Free and Imperial Cities was republican in form, but in all but the smallest cities, the city government was
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5000:
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3925:
3139:
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2527:
1223:
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in nature with a governing town council composed of an elite, hereditary patrician class, the so-called town council families (
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4995:
4244:
4175:
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3015:
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it became purely notional. Due to Hitler's distaste for Lübeck and its liberal tradition, the need was devised to compensate
1269:
In the 16th and 17th century, a number of Imperial Cities were separated from the Empire due to external territorial change.
20:
1710:"Territorial city" is a term used by modern historians to denote any German city or town that was not a Free Imperial City.
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4369:
3618:
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2926:
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2316:
100:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1194:
Württemberg more than doubled its size when it absorbed some 15 Free Cities (in orange) and other territories during the
405:, all but the ten Alsatian cities which were annexed by France during the late 17th century continued to exist until the
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4709:
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4146:
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1515:
946:
580:
386:. Some voluntarily placed themselves under the protection of a territorial ruler and therefore lost their independence.
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4600:
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3178:
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2044:
1487:
24:
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3193:
3025:
3010:
2058:
1523:
1218:). They were the most economically significant burgher families who had asserted themselves politically over time.
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538:
5170:
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95:
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1919:, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix III.
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116:
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1906:, Routledge & Kegan Paul and University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1974, Appendix II.
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By the time of the Peace of Westphalia, the cities constituted a formal third "college" and their full vote (
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circles) belonged to the Swabian bench, while all the others belonged to Rhenish bench, even cities such as
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542:
109:
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in Vienna, where the risk of an adverse judgment posed a greater risk to city treasuries and independence.
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5135:
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4134:
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1420:, and the three Hanseatic cities had been directly annexed by France as part of its effort to enforce the
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624:
591:
48:
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2567:
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were to be absorbed by France, while Basel, Schaffhausen and St. Gallen would join the Swiss Confederacy.
1546:
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5395:
4631:
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4249:
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808:
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864:
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534:
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250:
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402:
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and princes. The cities divided themselves into two groups, or benches, in the Imperial Diet, the
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182:
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2134:
2120:
2111:
1885:
1757:
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1373:
1147:
1085:
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898:
775:
546:
506:(30-322-600) means that Cologne had to provide 30 horsemen, 322 footsoldiers and 600 gulden.
501:
443:
419:
139:
91:
3435:
5289:
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4193:
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which was established after the war, Bremen and Hamburg, but not Lübeck, became constituent
1435:
1368:. After more than 600 years as a Free City, Frankfurt am Main was annexed to Prussia in 1866
1274:
703:
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363:
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1424:
against Britain. Hamburg and Lübeck with surrounding territories formed the département of
1405: – lost their independence and were absorbed into neighboring territories.
130:
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19:"Imperial city" and "Reichsstadt" redirect here. For other uses and similar terms, see
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2011:
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16:
Cities of the Holy Roman Empire with self-rule and representation in the Imperial Diet
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381:
202:
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2194:
2154:
1728:
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Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
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1806:
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3990:
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308:
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until 1489, and even then their votes were usually considered only advisory (
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3166:
3134:
2852:
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2502:
2482:
2462:
2392:
2188:
1402:
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1126:
1023:
887:
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710:
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489:
304:
5352:
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1394:
1338:
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of 1866. The three other Free Cities became constituent states of the new
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2747:
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2422:
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1398:
835:
745:
692:
339:
300:
296:
220:
1821:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 342.
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5407:
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4907:
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1632:
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1409:
1386:
1322:
1067:
714:
658:
568:
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These same cities were among the 85 free imperial cities listed on the
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98:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1266:
were located, which were more prone to absorb smaller, weaker states.
1111:
5437:
5427:
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5311:
5227:
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1495:
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213:
5182:
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5279:
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5147:
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4771:
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3238:
2827:
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2757:
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2377:
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1736:
1720:
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1343:
1314:
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1181:
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1115:
441:
A partial list of the Free Imperial Cities of Swabia based on the
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335:
244:
224:
1532:
fully independent of each other existing in the same small city.
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Free imperial cities were not officially admitted as individual
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73:
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2361:
2312:
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1163:
exception of Nuremberg, Ulm and Regensburg, where by then the
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29:
2038:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1866:, Oxford University Press, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 250, 510, 532.
1178:
Territorial growth of Bern, the largest free imperial city
434:
of 1648 to 1803, their number oscillated at around fifty.
1385:), where all of the free cities but six –
413:
Distinction between free imperial cities and other cities
513:. If need be, the Diet could vote a second and a third
249:
Swabian Rottweil maintained its independence up to the
1146:
in no other way, the diminutive Free Imperial City of
1381:
led to the reorganization of the Empire in 1803 (see
1486:, and Lübeck was annexed to Prussia in 1937. In the
69:
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4702:
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3391:
3225:
3212:
3053:
2967:
2266:
2146:
1752:All the cities of Southern Germany (located in the
1693:This figure does not include the ten cities of the
1293:seized many cities based on claims produced by his
2668:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792
1494:, a status which they retain to the present day.
1246:was local and not transferable to another city.
197: – be it an ecclesiastical lord (
1583: – Free Imperial City of Lübeck
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
3709:
2934:
2324:
2094:
8:
2022:
1986:
1979:
1694:
1597:
1521:
1513:
1433:
1425:
1348:
1302:
1273:seized the Imperial Cities connected to the
1252:
1240:
1228:
1212:
424:
397:, which in 1607 was annexed to the Catholic
390:
379:
367:
356:
320:
283:
267:
229:
211:
187:
185:, as opposed to a territorial city or town (
156:
134:The free imperial cities in the 18th century
5487:List of administrative divisions by country
1844:, Longman, London and New York, 1991, p. 4.
1617:The territory of the free imperial city of
1577:
1136:
478:
328:
275:
5047:
5036:
4699:
4688:
3761:
3750:
3746:
3733:
3716:
3702:
3694:
3469:
3222:
2941:
2927:
2919:
2659:
2358:
2331:
2317:
2309:
2101:
2087:
2079:
1917:Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750
1904:Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750
1455:in consequence of the part it took in the
1412:, Frankfurt had become the center of the
374:, to promote and defend their interests.
193:) which was subordinate to a territorial
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
129:
106:{{Translated|de|Freie und Reichsstädte}}
2053:. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
1842:Germany under the Old Regime, 1600–1790
1784:
1772:that were quite far from the Rhineland.
1686:
1542:
2067:
2056:
1234:) could be his greatest aim in life.
7:
509:These numbers are equivalent to one
177:An imperial city held the status of
418:did so only for a few decades. The
181:, and was subordinate only to the
14:
1941:, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, p. 66
1864:Germany and the Holy Roman Empire
1482:for territorial losses under the
1466:They retained that status in the
484:) compared to the benches of the
5523:Types of administrative division
4504:Organized incorporated territory
3044:
2950:
2645:
2344:
2283:
2273:
2257:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2110:
1939:The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806
1808:"Imperial Cities or Towns"
1805:Holland, Arthur William (1911).
1625:
1610:
1588:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1121:
1110:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
886:
875:
863:
852:
841:
830:
818:
807:
796:
785:
774:
763:
751:
740:
729:
709:
698:
686:
675:
664:
652:
641:
630:
619:
608:
597:
586:
574:
562:
460:, but not in the Imperial Diet.
34:
5492:Slavic administrative divisions
1993:, Paris, 2008, vol. II, p. 319.
1981:Les comtes Schönborn, 1642–1756
5041:Non-English terms or loanwords
4245:Direct-controlled municipality
1186:Weissenburg-im-Nordgau in 1725
420:Imperial military tax register
104:You may also add the template
21:Imperial City (disambiguation)
1:
4370:Special administrative region
1719:Examples of such cities were
1579:Lubeca urbs imperialis libera
1362:
254:
5518:Law of the Holy Roman Empire
4270:Mountain resort municipality
4147:Intermediate school district
4130:Educational service district
3986:Regional county municipality
2652:Free Imperial Cities by 1792
1928:Whaley, vol. 1, pp. 532–533.
1665:List of Free Imperial Cities
1504:was, apart from hosting the
4601:Autonomous territorial unit
2906:Member or associate of the
1488:Federal Republic of Germany
1353:, Free City of Bremen, 1843
117:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
25:Reichstadt (disambiguation)
5539:
4482:National capital territory
4203:Indian reserve/reservation
4070:Indian government district
3724:Designations for types of
1635:with its outlying exclaves
1301:and the ten cities of the
1152:Margraviate of Brandenburg
68:Machine translation, like
18:
5472:Autonomous administration
5459:
5046:
5035:
4698:
4687:
4477:Federal capital territory
4090:Non-metropolitan district
4080:Local government district
3760:
3749:
3745:
3732:
3650:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
3600:
3042:
2890:
2673:
2658:
2643:
2368:
2357:
2297:
2255:
2127:
2002:Franck Lafage, p. 319–323
1341:was formally recognized.
452:to the will of the lord.
49:the corresponding article
4282:Specialized municipality
3959:Consolidated city-county
2050:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1414:Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
813:Rothenburg ob der Tauber
144:free and imperial cities
4644:Military exclusion zone
4622:Exclusive economic zone
4387:National capital region
3979:Non-metropolitan county
3726:administrative division
3685:Unencircled territories
1959:Whaley, vol. 2, p. 211.
1950:Whaley, vol. 2, p. 210.
1818:Encyclopædia Britannica
1447:was established by the
1309:were annexed. When the
1165:Perpetual Imperial Diet
389:A few, like Protestant
205:) or a secular prince (
115:For more guidance, see
4661:Self-administered zone
4499:Incorporated territory
4366:Administrative region
4135:Local service district
4055:Congressional district
2023:
1987:
1980:
1695:
1598:
1578:
1522:
1514:
1434:
1426:
1369:
1354:
1349:
1303:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1213:
1199:
1187:
1179:
1137:
479:
448:
425:
391:
380:
368:
357:
334:) were those, such as
329:
321:
284:
276:
268:
261:
253:of 1802–03. Rottweil,
230:
212:
188:
168:urbs imperialis libera
167:
157:
148:Freie und Reichsstädte
147:
142:, the collective term
135:
4632:Special economic zone
4316:Praetorian prefecture
4300:Autonomous prefecture
4260:Regional municipality
4250:District municipality
4085:Metropolitan district
3949:Administrative county
3931:Residential community
3777:Local government area
1831:Whaley, vol.1, p. 26.
1741:county of East Frisia
1655:Free city (antiquity)
1360:
1347:
1311:Old Swiss Confederacy
1193:
1185:
1177:
1150:was the equal of the
1057:Weißenburg im Nordgau
440:
248:
133:
88:copyright attribution
5513:Free imperial cities
5223:Njësi administrative
4255:Neutral municipality
4194:Subdivision of India
3926:Autonomous community
3815:Metropolitan borough
3755:Common English terms
2957:Upper Rhenish Circle
2608:Weißenburg in Bayern
2340:Free imperial cities
1445:German Confederation
1422:Continental Blockade
1383:German Mediatisation
1374:Revolutionary France
4866:Autonomous republic
4794:Enclave and exclave
4693:Other English terms
4489:Dependent territory
4335:Autonomous province
4265:Resort municipality
4240:County municipality
4027:Overseas department
3974:Metropolitan county
3787:Unincorporated area
3661:Circles est. 1512:
3636:Circles est. 1500:
2959:(1500–1806) of the
2873:Weißenburg in Elsaß
1968:G. Benecke, p. 162.
1840:John G. Gagliardo,
1600:Reichskammergericht
1595:An audience of the
1484:Greater Hamburg Act
1457:Austro-Prussian War
1295:Chambers of Reunion
1090:Zell am Harmersbach
1035:Leutkirch im Allgäu
914:Biberach an der Riß
780:Esslingen am Neckar
541:) and the Dukes of
480:votum consultativum
432:Peace of Westphalia
403:Peace of Westphalia
5482:Electoral district
4799:Federal dependency
4627:Free economic zone
4511:Overseas territory
4394:Development region
4277:Rural municipality
4210:Indian reservation
4102:Municipal district
4060:Electoral district
3900:Free imperial city
3682:
3678:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3608:
2666:imperial immediacy
2017:2007-12-17 at the
1875:Gagliardo, pp 6–7.
1733:county of Bentheim
1660:Imperial immediacy
1564:Rothenburg in 1572
1530:immediate entities
1449:Congress of Vienna
1370:
1355:
1271:Henry II of France
1200:
1188:
1180:
449:
262:
183:Holy Roman Emperor
179:imperial immediacy
152:free imperial city
150:), briefly worded
136:
96:interlanguage link
5500:
5499:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4597:Territorial unit
4494:Federal territory
4472:Capital territory
4377:Autonomous region
4341:Overseas province
4235:City municipality
4126:Service district
4122:Sanitary district
4112:Regional district
4097:Military district
3954:Autonomous county
3887:Incorporated city
3691:
3690:
3675:Electoral Rhenish
3631:Swiss Confederacy
3596:
3595:
3459:
3458:
3271:Büdingen-Birstein
3110:Isenburg-Birstein
2961:Holy Roman Empire
2916:
2915:
2908:Swiss Confederacy
2886:
2885:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2351:Holy Roman Empire
2306:
2305:
2135:Holy Roman Empire
2121:Holy Roman Empire
2066:Missing or empty
2059:cite encyclopedia
2024:Europe à la Carte
1937:Peter H. Wilson,
1528:. They were five
1474:, although under
1432:, and Bremen the
1428:Bouches-de-l'Elbe
1372:With the rise of
1198:of 1803 and 1806.
947:Kempten im Allgäu
318:The Free Cities (
158:Freie Reichsstadt
140:Holy Roman Empire
128:
127:
61:
57:
5530:
5088:Regierungsbezirk
5048:
5037:
4700:
4689:
4651:Free speech zone
4557:Charter township
4310:Super-prefecture
4154:Special district
4065:Federal district
4045:Capital district
4009:Overseas country
3882:Independent city
3853:Imperial capital
3792:Unorganized area
3762:
3751:
3747:
3734:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3683:
3679:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3609:
3604:Three Bishoprics
3507:Münster im Elsaß
3470:
3223:
3048:
2955:
2954:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2902:Hanseatic League
2660:
2651:
2649:
2568:Schwäbisch Gmünd
2359:
2349:
2348:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2287:
2277:
2261:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2141:region 1354-1679
2129:Alliance of ten
2115:
2114:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2027:
2026:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1862:Joachim Whaley,
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1802:
1773:
1750:
1744:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1629:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1527:
1519:
1439:
1436:Bouches-du-Weser
1431:
1367:
1364:
1352:
1308:
1275:Three Bishoprics
1256:
1244:
1232:
1216:
1140:
1125:
1114:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1022:
1011:
1000:
991:Wangen im Allgäu
989:
978:
967:
956:
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
890:
879:
870:Schwäbisch Gmünd
867:
856:
845:
834:
822:
811:
800:
789:
778:
767:
755:
754:
744:
733:
713:
702:
690:
689:
679:
668:
656:
655:
645:
634:
623:
612:
601:
590:
578:
566:
565:
482:
470:Imperial Estates
428:
399:Duchy of Bavaria
396:
385:
373:
366:or the Alsatian
364:Hanseatic League
360:
332:
324:
289:
279:
277:Urbes imperiales
271:
259:
256:
235:
217:
191:
160:
107:
101:
74:Google Translate
59:
55:
38:
37:
30:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5477:Census division
5447:
5321:
5042:
5015:
4966:Imperial Circle
4924:
4694:
4675:
4669:Free-trade zone
4607:
4581:
4572:Survey township
4543:
4520:
4516:Union territory
4458:
4453:Sovereign state
4418:
4409:Overseas region
4353:
4321:
4286:
4221:
4212:(United States)
4198:
4189:Police division
4184:Census division
4170:
4142:School district
4107:Police district
4031:
4013:
3995:
3935:
3912:
3907:Royal free city
3872:Autonomous city
3858:
3847:Federal capital
3833:
3819:
3796:
3756:
3741:
3728:
3722:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3677:
3660:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3592:
3536:
3455:
3441:Reipoltskirchen
3387:
3231:
3227:
3208:
3184:Solms-Braunfels
3049:
3040:
2963:
2949:
2947:
2917:
2912:
2882:
2669:
2654:
2650:
2637:
2573:Schwäbisch Hall
2364:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2307:
2302:
2300:Category:Alsace
2293:
2262:
2253:
2147:Founding cities
2142:
2131:Imperial cities
2123:
2109:
2107:
2065:
2055:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2019:Wayback Machine
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1977:Franck Lafage,
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1853:Gagliardo, p. 5
1852:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1804:
1803:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1751:
1747:
1725:county of Lippe
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1675:Royal free city
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1593:
1584:
1574:
1565:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1538:
1468:Weimar Republic
1416:, a Napoleonic
1379:Napoleonic Wars
1365:
1160:
1138:votum decisivum
1132:
1105:Friedrichshafen
825:Schwäbisch Hall
752:
725:
720:
687:
653:
563:
558:
466:
415:
362:), such as the
257:
243:
124:
123:
122:
105:
99:
62:
39:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5536:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4639:Exclusion zone
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:Economic zone
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4577:Urban township
4574:
4569:
4567:Paper township
4564:
4562:Civil township
4559:
4553:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4382:Capital region
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4348:Roman province
4344:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4216:Indian reserve
4213:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4166:Urban district
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4124:
4119:
4117:Rural district
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3810:County borough
3806:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3235:
3233:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2969:Ecclesiastical
2965:
2964:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2900:Member of the
2898:
2894:Member of the
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2355:
2354:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2047:, ed. (1907).
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2004:
1995:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1930:
1921:
1908:
1895:
1886:Reichsmatrikel
1877:
1868:
1855:
1846:
1833:
1824:
1813:Chisholm, Hugh
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1745:
1712:
1703:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1196:mediatisations
1159:
1156:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
1002:Isny im Allgäu
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
928:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
861:
850:
839:
828:
816:
805:
794:
783:
772:
761:
749:
738:
726:
724:
721:
719:
718:
707:
696:
684:
673:
662:
650:
639:
628:
617:
606:
595:
584:
572:
559:
557:
554:
502:Reichsmatrikel
465:
462:
444:Reichsmatrikel
426:Reichsmatrikel
414:
411:
242:
239:
126:
125:
121:
120:
113:
102:
80:
77:
66:
63:
44:
43:
42:
40:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5535:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5458:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:Kommun/Kunta
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Roman diocese
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:Neighbourhood
4829:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Alpine resort
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4686:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4593:Regional unit
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Federal state
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Subprefecture
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:Land district
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:City district
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:Imperial city
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3739:English terms
3735:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3686:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3658:(Lower) Saxon
3655:
3651:
3647:
3646:Upper Rhenish
3643:
3639:
3632:
3620:
3612:
3605:
3599:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
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5383:Maalaiskunta
5343:Heerlijkheid
5183:Län (Sweden)
4851:Protectorate
4846:Principality
4767:Constituency
4656:Neutral zone
4451:
4346:
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4227:Municipality
3905:
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3877:Charter city
3851:
3782:Special area
3772:Insular area
3645:
3602:Part of the
3522:Schlettstadt
3464:
3424:Wächtersbach
3381:Wittgenstein
3371:Wittgenstein
2823:Schlettstadt
2818:Schmalkalden
2813:Schaffhausen
2788:Pfeddersheim
2703:Diessenhofen
2339:
2267:Other cities
2068:|title=
2048:
2007:
1998:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1915:G. Benecke,
1911:
1903:
1902:G. Benecke,
1898:
1880:
1871:
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1841:
1836:
1827:
1816:
1748:
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1472:Nazi Germany
1465:
1442:
1418:puppet state
1407:
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1331:Schaffhausen
1297:. That way,
1268:
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872:) (5-45-150)
823:Hall (today
771:(29-150-600)
760:(40-250-600)
748:(25-150-500)
737:(20-112-120)
695:(20-100-180)
661:(20-120-325)
627:(20-140-500)
594:(21-177-550)
571:(30-322-600)
551:
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510:
508:
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467:
464:Organization
454:
450:
442:
423:
416:
388:
382:Hohenstaufen
376:
355:
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327:
322:Freie Städte
319:
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282:
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269:Reichsstädte
266:
263:
228:
210:
203:prince-abbot
186:
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155:
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137:
92:edit summary
83:
56:(April 2018)
54:
46:
5378:Landskommun
5270:Savivaldybė
5136:Switzerland
5131:South Tyrol
5011:Viceroyalty
4804:Governorate
4762:Condominium
4665:Trade zone
4539:Market town
4534:Census town
4432:Proto-state
4404:Microregion
3969:County town
3964:County seat
3831:Half-canton
3671:Upper Saxon
3625:until 1736.
3613:after 1737.
3512:Oberehnheim
3492:Kaisersberg
3409:Falkenstein
3399:Bretzenheim
3295:Kriechingen
3244:Lichtenberg
3204:Zweibrücken
3140:Saarbrücken
3068:Heitersheim
2793:Rheinfelden
2738:Kaysersberg
2578:Schweinfurt
2538:Pfullendorf
2418:Dinkelsbühl
2209:Kaysersberg
2179:Wissembourg
2045:Wood, James
1989:L'Harmattan
1524:Obermünster
1510:St. Emmeram
1366: 1911
1361:Frankfurt,
1350:Obernstraße
1242:Bürgerrecht
1230:Bürgerrecht
1158:Development
1107:) (0-10-60)
1013:Pfullendorf
936:Schweinfurt
903:Dinkelsbühl
883:(10-67-325)
849:(10-78-325)
838:(3-122-180)
815:(10-90-180)
804:(10-80-325)
782:(10-67-235)
638:(0-130-205)
605:(10-78-325)
583:(20-90-260)
543:Württemberg
539:Brandenburg
358:Städtebünde
258: 1435
5507:Categories
5326:Historical
5290:Shahrestān
5233:Autonomous
4981:Presidency
4929:Historical
4898:Suzerainty
4881:Autonomous
4725:Autonomous
4447:Free state
4437:City-state
4399:Mesoregion
4292:Prefecture
4019:Department
3667:Burgundian
3654:Franconian
3532:Weißenburg
3451:Wartenberg
3446:Salm-Dhaun
3431:Mensfelden
3344:Hohensolms
3327:Grehweiler
3315:Westerburg
3310:Hardenburg
3278:Königstein
3249:Münzenberg
3031:Weißenburg
2808:Sarrebourg
2803:St. Gallen
2723:Gelnhausen
2708:Donauwörth
2588:Überlingen
2558:Rothenburg
2553:Reutlingen
2548:Regensburg
2543:Ravensburg
2523:Nördlingen
2518:Nordhausen
2508:Mühlhausen
2473:Kaufbeuren
2443:Gengenbach
2033:References
1758:Franconian
1670:Lübeck law
1650:City-state
1619:Mühlhausen
1552:Regensburg
1502:Regensburg
1327:St. Gallen
1299:Strasbourg
1208:oligarchic
1079:Gengenbach
1048:(3-13-130)
1026:(0-45-150)
1004:(4-22-100)
993:(3-18-110)
982:(2-18-120)
969:Kaufbeuren
960:(4-36-180)
949:(3-36-120)
938:(5-36-120)
927:(4-67-180)
925:Ravensburg
916:(6-55-180)
905:(5-58-240)
894:(6-72-200)
860:(6-60-240)
847:Überlingen
802:Nördlingen
793:(6-55-180)
791:Reutlingen
735:Regensburg
683:(0-78-180)
681:Nordhausen
672:(0-78-180)
670:Mühlhausen
649:(unlisted)
616:(3-99-325)
531:Palatinate
393:Donauwörth
348:Strasbourg
309:Ravensburg
237:), etc.).
5367:Landskap
5363:Län/Lääni
5317:Vingtaine
5285:Seniūnija
5275:Selsoviet
5250:Poblacion
5187:Landskap
5117:Gemeinde
5108:Freguesia
5063:Apskritis
4986:Residency
4951:Exarchate
4893:Sultanate
4784:Eldership
4715:Bailiwick
4464:Territory
4414:Subregion
4159:in the US
3991:Viscounty
3918:Community
3619:Reichstag
3568:Straßburg
3553:Friedberg
3548:Frankfurt
3502:Mülhausen
3376:Berleburg
3359:Rödelheim
3300:Leiningen
3229:Imp. Diet
3135:Ottweiler
3103:Rheinfels
3083:Darmstadt
3016:Straßburg
2853:Turckheim
2843:Straßburg
2838:Solothurn
2623:Windsheim
2533:Offenburg
2528:Nuremberg
2513:Mülhausen
2503:Memmingen
2488:Leutkirch
2483:Kessenich
2463:Heilbronn
2438:Friedberg
2433:Frankfurt
2393:Bopfingen
2189:Turckheim
1891:Dekapolis
1780:Citations
1729:Gütersloh
1470:and into
1443:When the
1403:Nuremberg
1335:Solothurn
1291:Louis XIV
1254:Beisassen
1224:Nuremberg
1127:Bopfingen
1118:(2-18-70)
1070:(2-13-60)
1059:(4-18-50)
1037:(2-18-90)
1024:Offenburg
1015:(3-40-75)
971:(4-68-90)
958:Windsheim
881:Memmingen
858:Heilbronn
758:Nuremberg
717:(0-31-40)
706:(0-22-90)
704:Friedberg
625:Frankfurt
496:benches.
409:of 1803.
311:in upper
305:Memmingen
189:Landstadt
146:(German:
110:talk page
51:in German
5468:See also
5203:Maakunta
5198:Località
5143:Gemeente
5103:Frazione
5073:Barangay
4903:Townland
4841:Precinct
4826:Muftiate
4777:District
4737:Cadastre
4549:Township
4327:Province
4218:(Canada)
4176:Division
4037:District
3663:Austrian
3638:Bavarian
3633:in 1515.
3617:without
3527:Türkheim
3474:Décapole
3419:Meerholz
3414:Isenburg
3404:Dagstuhl
3366:Wetterau
3332:Grumbach
3305:Dagsburg
3288:Stolberg
3266:Büdingen
3261:Birstein
3256:Isenburg
3189:Sponheim
3150:Weilburg
3120:Lorraine
3073:Hersfeld
3001:Bruchsal
2997:Odenheim
2987:Hersfeld
2896:Décapole
2748:Konstanz
2713:Duisburg
2688:Besançon
2563:Rottweil
2428:Eßlingen
2423:Dortmund
2408:Buchhorn
2388:Biberach
2383:Augsburg
2249:Mulhouse
2239:Sélestat
2159:Haguenau
2117:Décapole
2015:Archived
1762:Bavarian
1697:Décapole
1644:See also
1399:Augsburg
1305:Décapole
1129:(1-9-50)
1101:Buchhorn
1092:(0-22-0)
1081:(0-36-0)
836:Rottweil
746:Augsburg
693:Dortmund
547:Lorraine
492:and the
486:electors
370:Décapole
340:Augsburg
301:Mulhouse
297:Haguenau
221:margrave
86:provide
5463:italics
5423:Satrapy
5408:Pargana
5333:Commote
5191:Finland
5171:Finland
5163:Kampong
5153:Hromada
5126:Germany
5121:Austria
5093:Comarca
5051:Current
5006:Tithing
4976:Monthon
4961:Hundred
4908:Village
4861:Regency
4856:Quarter
4789:Emirate
4757:Commune
4747:Circuit
4703:Current
4001:Country
3839:Capital
3802:Borough
3642:Swabian
3629:Joined
3583:Wetzlar
3517:Rosheim
3487:Hagenau
3436:Olbrück
3392:Without
3349:Laubach
3199:Waldeck
3194:Veldenz
3179:Simmern
3162:Kyrburg
3145:Usingen
3130:Idstein
3115:Lautern
3098:Marburg
3088:Homburg
3055:Secular
2868:Warburg
2798:Rosheim
2783:Obernai
2778:Munster
2763:Lucerne
2733:Herford
2728:Hagenau
2698:Cambrai
2618:Wimpfen
2613:Wetzlar
2478:Kempten
2458:Hamburg
2448:Giengen
2413:Cologne
2363:By 1792
2342:of the
2229:Munster
2219:Rosheim
2199:Obernai
2137:in the
2133:of the
2119:of the
2042::
1815:(ed.).
1770:Hamburg
1754:Swabian
1633:Hamburg
1480:Prussia
1453:Prussia
1410:Bavaria
1387:Hamburg
1323:Lucerne
1103:(today
1068:Giengen
1046:Wimpfen
715:Wetzlar
659:Hamburg
569:Cologne
545:and of
527:Cologne
515:simplum
511:simplum
494:Swabian
490:Rhenish
472:to the
344:Cologne
138:In the
108:to the
90:in the
53:.
5438:Syssel
5428:Socken
5396:Greece
5371:Sweden
5358:Korale
5353:Köping
5348:Komunë
5312:Tehsil
5228:Oblast
5176:Sweden
5098:Comune
5083:Bezirk
5078:Bashki
5068:Bakhsh
4941:Barony
4936:Agency
4913:Summer
4876:Sector
4871:Riding
4836:Parish
4809:Hamlet
4752:Colony
4742:Circle
4720:Banner
4359:Region
3941:County
3825:Canton
3611:Nomeny
3578:Verdun
3563:Speyer
3541:Others
3497:Landau
3482:Colmar
3465:Cities
3214:Counts
3125:Nassau
3093:Kassel
3026:Verdun
3011:Speyer
2878:Zürich
2863:Verdun
2858:Verden
2753:Landau
2743:Kolmar
2693:Brakel
2598:Wangen
2583:Speyer
2498:Lübeck
2493:Lindau
2453:Goslar
2403:Buchau
2398:Bremen
2373:Aachen
2279:Landau
2169:Colmar
2139:Alsace
2012:Lubeck
1766:Lübeck
1735:) and
1496:Berlin
1492:states
1476:Hitler
1401:, and
1395:Lübeck
1391:Bremen
1339:Zürich
1337:, and
1283:Verdun
892:Lindau
756:
691:
657:
647:Bremen
636:Goslar
614:Speyer
592:Lübeck
581:Aachen
579:
567:
535:Saxony
313:Swabia
293:Colmar
241:Origin
214:Herzog
195:prince
5433:Subah
5418:Rreth
5413:Plasă
5403:Pagus
5391:Egypt
5387:Nome
5307:Sýsla
5300:China
5280:Sitio
5265:Raion
5255:Purok
5245:Ostān
5240:Okrug
5218:Mukim
5213:Muban
5208:Megye
5158:Județ
5148:Gmina
5001:Tenth
4971:March
4946:Burgh
4888:Shire
4819:Royal
4814:Manor
4772:Duchy
4732:Block
4424:State
3621:seat.
3588:Worms
3339:Solms
3283:Mainz
3239:Hanau
3232:seats
3218:Lords
3174:Savoy
3078:Hesse
3036:Worms
2982:Fulda
2977:Basel
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