44:
1784:
countries, that declared that all wombs bore free children. All children are born free, even if the mother is enslaved. This principle did not go into effect unless a country adopted it and included it in its constitution or other legislation. It overturned a tradition, under which babies born to
1542:
1899:. As a compromise, Parliament enacted a law freeing children born to enslaved women. The "Law of Free Birth" meant that no children were born enslaved. Slaves eventually were then granted freedom through
1663:
2198:
Caulfield, Sueann, et al. "Interpreting
Machado De Assis: Paternalism, Slavery, and the Free Womb Law." Honor, Status, and Law in Modern Latin America, Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 99.
1820:. The law stated that those born to slave mothers after January 31, 1813 would be granted freedom when contracting matrimony, or on their 16th birthday for women and 20th for men. Upon
1527:
1058:
1412:
784:
521:
1148:
789:
481:
2048:
836:
1382:
1532:
2117:
1839:
in 1814, but it was not until 1824 that the country accepted it. After years of laws that only purported a partial advancement towards abolition, President
863:
2180:
2159:
1609:
361:
811:
1843:, because of the growing popular unrest, pushed Congress to pass total abolition on May 21, 1851. Former owners were compensated by the government.
1582:
1402:
575:
2028:
2096:
1740:
2235:
846:
264:
1424:
1101:
873:
2075:
1616:
1577:
1220:
2210:
1658:
1295:
955:
806:
602:
511:
1678:
1372:
1126:
2240:
1500:
1377:
801:
570:
437:
1917:, and passed it in 1870, to take effect in 1872. On the Iberian mainland, Spain had abolished slavery in 1837. It is also known as
1347:
43:
2255:
2245:
2138:
2007:
1631:
841:
826:
772:
457:
447:
442:
271:
127:
1626:
1397:
203:
1785:
enslaved women became the property of the women's owners. Intended as a step towards ending slavery, it was unevenly adopted.
1537:
1825:
1096:
1084:
664:
476:
122:
1668:
1451:
312:
2250:
1673:
1517:
1387:
1048:
816:
796:
356:
324:
1892:
1733:
1683:
1407:
1325:
452:
233:
53:
1935:
1592:
1444:
1429:
1320:
516:
186:
2114:
1688:
1587:
1118:
1106:
696:
669:
174:
1934:
in total later. Similar gradual abolition laws had been passed in some of the northern United States after the
1468:
1337:
890:
679:
164:
65:
2177:
2156:
1854:
1840:
1817:
344:
1966:
1653:
1392:
1342:
1270:
1043:
821:
765:
748:
179:
941:
1726:
1695:
1200:
853:
701:
425:
391:
386:
2025:
1562:
1417:
1330:
1315:
997:
985:
731:
716:
501:
276:
198:
2093:
1824:, they were to be given land and tools to work it. In 1853, Argentina fully abolished slavery with the
1858:
1836:
1700:
1604:
1567:
1495:
1439:
1308:
1265:
1079:
1009:
684:
464:
366:
250:
157:
1801:
spread by these countries' independence movements. One of the first steps toward abolition was the
1765:
1188:
1168:
1053:
1038:
907:
878:
868:
758:
706:
674:
471:
329:
297:
292:
245:
102:
2072:
1947:
1434:
1280:
1255:
1245:
1210:
1205:
1173:
1138:
1131:
1072:
1065:
922:
741:
736:
726:
496:
349:
307:
302:
255:
223:
213:
150:
1930:
The countries that first denied the enslavement of babies born to enslaved mothers proceeded to
371:
317:
1990:
2207:
2049:"La manumisión de esclavos en Colombia, 1809- 1851, Aspectos sociales, económicos y políticos"
1896:
1851:
1522:
1240:
1235:
1178:
1163:
1143:
965:
960:
895:
858:
691:
657:
486:
339:
228:
107:
1939:
1757:
1712:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1250:
1215:
1183:
1153:
1026:
1014:
992:
970:
917:
753:
721:
23:
2214:
2184:
2163:
2142:
2121:
2100:
2079:
2032:
2011:
1621:
1512:
1507:
1260:
1230:
1225:
948:
912:
711:
629:
334:
80:
1971:
1888:
1781:
1705:
1599:
491:
169:
132:
90:
2135:
2004:
2229:
1643:
1572:
1019:
1002:
777:
607:
597:
381:
31:
1931:
1794:
1648:
1485:
1461:
1367:
1360:
1091:
619:
592:
555:
533:
420:
137:
117:
95:
85:
75:
70:
60:
16:
Latin
American doctrine that children of slaves could not automatically be enslaved
900:
1914:
1900:
1821:
1490:
1478:
831:
634:
624:
582:
396:
1943:
1798:
1638:
935:
639:
506:
1924:
1919:
1813:
883:
548:
410:
565:
1873:
1832:
1473:
1031:
975:
927:
587:
432:
287:
193:
2026:"http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/etnias/1604/article-82844.html"
1869:
1865:
1456:
538:
218:
35:
1884:
1877:
1797:
grew in the
American colonies in the 19th century, influenced by the
1158:
980:
560:
543:
405:
240:
208:
1909:
passed a similar law in 1869 to apply to its plantation colonies of
1954:
1906:
1806:
415:
401:
376:
1910:
1847:
282:
112:
1946:
in 1804. All the slaves were freed in both states before the
1891:, also referred to as "Law of Free Birth", was passed by the
1903:
and later on, emancipation laws that targeted older slaves.
1857:
established "the freedom of wombs" for those born after the
1895:
on 1871. By the 1870s social tensions were rising due to
1835:, the Law of Wombs was first passed by the government of
1816:, the Law of Wombs was passed on February 2, 1813 by the
2208:"La Ley de Vientres Libres y los intereses esclavistas"
1864:
Venezuela endorsed a similar law in 1821, as well as
1413:
Supplementary
Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
2005:"Pasado y presente de los Negros en Buenos Aires"
1780:, was a 19th century judicial concept in several
1528:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
2115:"REFORMAS ECONÓMICAS DE MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XIX"
1953:Many of these laws can be found transcribed at
2136:"Instrumentos Nacionales de Derechos Humanos"
1734:
8:
1533:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
1805:an 1811 law written by Manuel de Salas of
1741:
1727:
18:
1538:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1403:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1383:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
2073:"La sociedad a inicios de la República"
1983:
30:
2157:"De la Independencia a nuestros días"
2047:Tovar Pinzón, Hermes (November 1994).
1425:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1102:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
1617:Slave marriages in the United States
1221:Human trafficking in the Middle East
2094:"Ley de Abolición de la Esclavitud"
956:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
1610:last survivors of American slavery
14:
571:Field slaves in the United States
438:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
448:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
443:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
272:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
42:
1398:Committee of Experts on Slavery
949:East, Southeast, and South Asia
1097:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
2236:Abolitionism in South America
1803:Ley de Libertad de Vientres,
1388:Temporary Slavery Commission
1049:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
1859:declaration of independence
1408:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
453:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
2272:
1936:American Revolutionary War
1593:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1430:Anti-Slavery International
1195:North Africa and West Asia
1689:Emancipation Proclamation
1361:Opposition and resistance
1119:Sex trafficking in Europe
1107:Blackbirding in Polynesia
670:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2241:History of South America
1469:Compensated emancipation
680:Indian Ocean slave trade
2256:19th century in slavery
2246:History of human rights
1967:Partus sequitur ventrem
1772:), also referred to as
1393:1926 Slavery Convention
1149:Germany in World War II
766:North and South America
288:Contract of manumission
1769:
1761:
874:British Virgin Islands
426:Circassian slave trade
392:Safavid imperial harem
387:Ottoman Imperial Harem
2178:"LEI DO VENTRE LIVRE"
1955:The Free Womb Project
1818:Assembly of Year XIII
1113:Europe and North Asia
1073:Australia and Oceania
773:Pre-Columbian America
345:Slave raid of Suðuroy
277:Slavery in al-Andalus
199:Black Sea slave trade
128:21st-century jihadism
1893:Brazilian Parliament
1826:Constitution of 1853
1762:Libertad de vientres
1568:Indentured servitude
1496:Underground Railroad
1296:United Arab Emirates
685:Zanzibar slave trade
652:By country or region
465:Atlantic slave trade
367:Ma malakat aymanukum
251:Venetian slave trade
2251:Slavery legislation
1770:Lei do Ventre Livre
1654:Slave Route Project
785:Americas indigenous
675:Red Sea slave trade
665:Contemporary Africa
528:Topics and practice
298:Crimean slave trade
293:Bukhara slave trade
246:Genoese slave trade
123:Contemporary Africa
103:Forced prostitution
2213:2011-09-28 at the
2183:2016-08-28 at the
2162:2007-01-28 at the
2141:2006-09-23 at the
2120:2008-03-19 at the
2099:2007-02-23 at the
2078:2006-09-06 at the
2053:Revista Credencial
2031:2007-09-27 at the
2010:2006-11-27 at the
1948:American Civil War
1855:José de San Martín
1841:José Hilario López
1435:Blockade of Africa
742:Somali slave trade
658:Sub-Saharan Africa
350:Turkish Abductions
308:Khivan slave trade
303:Khazar slave trade
256:Balkan slave trade
214:Prague slave trade
1991:"Manuel de Salas"
1751:
1750:
1701:Freedmen's Bureau
1523:Third Servile War
1518:International law
1085:Human trafficking
847:Human trafficking
522:Thirteen colonies
340:Sack of Baltimore
108:Human trafficking
2263:
2220:
2219:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1713:Emancipation Day
1546:
1513:Slave Trade Acts
204:Byzantine Empire
46:
19:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:Wayback Machine
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2188:(in Portuguese)
2187:
2185:Wayback Machine
2176:
2172:
2166:
2164:Wayback Machine
2155:
2151:
2145:
2143:Wayback Machine
2134:
2130:
2124:
2122:Wayback Machine
2113:
2109:
2103:
2101:Wayback Machine
2092:
2088:
2082:
2080:Wayback Machine
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2033:Wayback Machine
2024:
2020:
2014:
2012:Wayback Machine
2003:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1963:
1932:abolish slavery
1793:A movement for
1791:
1747:
1718:
1717:
1622:Slave narrative
1578:Fugitive slaves
1558:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1508:Slave rebellion
1363:
1353:
1352:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1123:United Kingdom
1059:Yankee princess
653:
645:
644:
372:Avret Pazarları
318:Avret Pazarları
187:Medieval Europe
153:
143:
142:
81:Forced marriage
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2200:
2191:
2170:
2149:
2128:
2107:
2086:
2065:
2039:
2018:
1997:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1972:Rio Branco Law
1969:
1962:
1959:
1889:Rio Branco Law
1799:liberal ideals
1790:
1787:
1782:Latin American
1754:Free womb laws
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1600:List of slaves
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Dutch Republic
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
990:
989:
988:
983:
978:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
945:
944:
939:
932:
931:
930:
925:
915:
910:
905:
904:
903:
893:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
861:
856:
851:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
794:
793:
792:
782:
781:
780:
769:
768:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
745:
744:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
677:
672:
667:
661:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
616:
615:
611:
610:
605:
603:Child soldiers
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
579:
578:
568:
563:
558:
553:
552:
551:
546:
541:
530:
529:
525:
524:
519:
514:
512:Spanish Empire
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:Middle Passage
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
467:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
354:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
322:
321:
320:
313:Ottoman Empire
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
274:
268:
267:
261:
260:
259:
258:
248:
243:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
190:
189:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
160:
154:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
135:
133:Sexual slavery
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
99:
98:
93:
91:Child marriage
88:
78:
73:
68:
66:Child soldiers
63:
57:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2268:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1876:in 1842, and
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Slave catcher
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Forced labour
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:Abolitionists
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
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32:Forced labour
29:
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2218:(in Spanish)
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2167:(in Spanish)
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2146:(in Spanish)
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2110:
2104:(in Spanish)
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2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2036:(in Spanish)
2021:
2015:(in Spanish)
2000:
1994:(in Spanish)
1986:
1952:
1942:in 1799 and
1929:
1918:
1905:
1882:
1863:
1845:
1830:
1811:
1802:
1792:
1778:law of wombs
1777:
1773:
1753:
1752:
1649:Slave patrol
1486:Freedom suit
1462:Sierra Leone
1452:Colonization
1368:Abolitionism
1348:Baháʼí Faith
1321:Christianity
1271:Saudi Arabia
1127:Penal Labour
1092:Blackbirding
998:Debt bondage
986:penal system
812:Contemporary
802:Field slaves
790:U.S. Natives
749:South Africa
620:Galley slave
593:Slave market
583:House slaves
556:Blackbirding
534:Conscription
458:21st century
421:Umm al-walad
265:Muslim world
234:Emancipation
138:Wage slavery
118:Penal labour
96:Wife selling
86:Bride buying
71:Conscription
61:Child Labour
54:Contemporary
1915:Puerto Rico
1901:manumission
1822:manumission
1664:court cases
1541: [
1491:Slave Power
1479:Manumission
1326:Catholicism
1201:Afghanistan
942:Puerto Rico
854:The Bahamas
832:Slave codes
635:Shanghaiing
625:Impressment
517:Slave Coast
397:Qajar harem
357:Concubinage
330:slave trade
2230:Categories
1978:References
1944:New Jersey
1938:, namely,
1789:By country
1774:free birth
1766:Portuguese
1679:J.Q. Adams
1669:Washington
1639:Slave name
1588:convention
1563:Common law
936:Encomienda
732:Seychelles
717:Mauritania
640:Slave ship
507:Panyarring
502:New France
151:Historical
2058:April 20,
1925:Moret Law
1920:Ley Moret
1880:in 1871.
1872:in 1825,
1861:in 1821.
1852:president
1837:Antioquia
1814:Argentina
1795:abolition
1674:Jefferson
1331:Mormonism
1266:Palestine
1080:Australia
1010:Indonesia
901:Lei Áurea
884:Code Noir
864:Caribbean
837:Treatment
576:Treatment
549:Devshirme
411:Odalisque
229:In Russia
170:Babylonia
158:Antiquity
2211:Archived
2181:Archived
2160:Archived
2139:Archived
2118:Archived
2097:Archived
2076:Archived
2029:Archived
2008:Archived
1961:See also
1940:New York
1874:Paraguay
1833:Colombia
1706:Iron bit
1696:40 acres
1659:breeding
1474:Freedman
1309:Religion
1169:Portugal
1054:Thailand
1044:Maldives
1039:Malaysia
1032:Kwalliso
976:Booi Aha
928:Restavek
908:Colombia
879:Trinidad
869:Barbados
759:Zanzibar
707:Ethiopia
588:Saqaliba
482:Database
433:Saqaliba
194:Ancillae
24:a series
22:Part of
1897:slavery
1870:Uruguay
1866:Ecuador
1776:or the
1758:Spanish
1684:Lincoln
1557:Related
1457:Liberia
1343:Judaism
1281:Tunisia
1256:Morocco
1246:Lebanon
1211:Bahrain
1206:Algeria
1174:Romania
1139:Denmark
1132:Slavery
1066:Vietnam
737:Somalia
727:Nigeria
702:Comoros
630:Pirates
539:Ghilman
472:Bristol
362:history
335:pirates
224:History
113:Peonage
36:slavery
1887:, the
1885:Brazil
1878:Brazil
1850:, the
1605:owners
1241:Kuwait
1236:Jordan
1189:Sweden
1179:Russia
1164:Poland
1159:Norway
981:Laogai
966:Brunei
961:Bhutan
923:revolt
896:Brazil
859:Canada
822:partus
807:female
692:Angola
561:Coolie
544:Mamluk
497:Nantes
477:Brazil
406:Cariye
241:Thrall
209:Kholop
175:Greece
1907:Spain
1807:Chile
1632:songs
1627:films
1545:]
1501:songs
1338:Islam
1316:Bible
1291:Yemen
1286:Qatar
1276:Syria
1251:Libya
1216:Egypt
1184:Spain
1154:Malta
1027:Korea
1015:Japan
993:India
971:China
918:Haiti
778:Aztec
754:Sudan
722:Niger
614:Naval
487:Dutch
416:Qiyan
402:Jarya
377:Harem
219:Serfs
165:Egypt
2060:2020
1913:and
1911:Cuba
1848:Peru
1583:laws
1445:U.S.
1440:U.K.
1378:U.S.
1373:U.K.
1261:Oman
1231:Iraq
1226:Iran
913:Cuba
817:maps
712:Mali
697:Chad
283:Baqt
180:Rome
76:Debt
34:and
1927:).
1883:In
1846:In
1831:In
1812:In
2232::
2051:.
1957:.
1950:.
1868:,
1828:.
1809:.
1768::
1764:,
1760::
1543:fa
26:on
2062:.
1923:(
1756:(
1742:e
1735:t
1728:v
938:)
934:(
404:/
279:
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