Knowledge (XXG)

Human rights in Romania

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another area of concern: their situation becomes very problematic after the eighth grade (the last grade of middle school/gymnasium corresponding to age 14–15) because children must change schools to go to high school, and many villages do not have high schools, and therefore parents must make arrangements for their children to commute to the nearest locality or for the child to move there, which is difficult, and as a result many children abandon school (despite the fact that education is compulsory until tenth grade). In one study, a third of rural school children said they planned to drop out of school after eighth grade.
890:). The end of communism has contributed to an increase in human trafficking, with the majority of victims being women forced into prostitution. Romania is a country of origin and country of transit for persons, primarily women and children, trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The Romanian government has shown some commitment to combat trafficking but has been criticized for failing to fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. 43: 772:. Although the anti-corruption struggle has seen an upward trend in recent years, and the investigations of the National Anticorruption Directorate (NAD) have led to a former prime minister's trial in 2015 and other important public representatives, corruption still affects many aspects of life. The US Department of State's report on human rights practices highlights that bribes has remained an ordinary thing in the public sector. 678: 3246: 2490: 1206:
of Roma children in schools, which is illegal, continues unofficially in some schools, and in 2017 the NGOs ERRC and Romani CRISS urged the European Commission to launch an investigation into the segregation of Roma children in schools. The access of children who live in rural areas to education is
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Parents/legal guardians have an obligation to ensure that their children do not engage in undesirable behaviors. For example, according to Art 33 of Law No. 61/1991 penalising the violation of public order and social standards, parents/legal guardians who fail to take "adequate measures" to prevent
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In addition to these laws specifically created to deal with discrimination, articles banning discrimination can also be found in many general laws, which deal with general aspects of life, and also contain specific articles banning discrimination in that area (e.g. Law no. 188 of 8 December 1999
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The same punishment applies to the action of a public servant who, while exercising their professional responsibilities, limits the exercise of a right of a person or creates for the latter a situation of inferiority on grounds of race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, sex, sexual
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Although there have been significant improvements, corruption remains an issue, affecting many areas of life. Despite the fact that Romanian law and regulations contain provisions intended to prevent corruption, enforcement has generally been weak until recently. The image of Romania was badly
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children under 16 from engaging in vagrancy, begging, or prostitution are liable to pay a contraventional fine (Law No. 61/1991 on contraventions applies only in cases when the deed of the guilty party does not constitute a criminal offense).
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was demilitarized in 2002, and has been reorganized, in order to modernize it and rid it of former abusive practices inherited from the communist era. However problems, such as police brutality, are reported to persist. According to the US
1090:" and Article 41 states: (2) "All employees have the right to measures of social protection. These concern employees' safety and health, working conditions for women and young people " and (4) "On equal work with men, women shall get 1968:"DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA" 957: 1367: 1086:: "The family is founded on the freely consented marriage of the spouses, their full equality ." The rights of women in the workforce are also protected: Article 47 (2) reads: "Citizens have the right to pensions, paid 1057: 2409: 1459:"Lupta împotriva corupției la nivel înalt a continuat în 2016 în România, însă există în continuare probleme, iar mita a rămas un lucru obișnuit în sectorul public (raport al Departamentului de Stat al SUA)" 1038:
The US Country Reports on Human Rights Practices reports that some children, particularly from the Roma ethnicity, were not registered (although birth registration is mandatory under the law).
1053:). Law nr. 288/2007 increased girls' marriageable age, bringing it in line with that of boys; prior to this law, girls could, in special cases, get married at 15, and as a general rule at 16. 1215:
Romania at the turn of the 20th century was a very progressive country and had strong human rights roots: it was, for instance, one of only seven countries in Europe to have abolished the
831:, NGOs and the media reported that "police mistreated and abused prisoners, pretrial detainees, gypsies, and other citizens, primarily through use of excessive force including beatings". 1812: 982:, at Art. 48 (3) which states "Children born out of wedlock are equal before the law with those born in wedlock"; and also by Art. 260 of the civil code. In addition, Romania ratified 2439: 210: 589: 2417: 3282: 2154: 2050: 1581: 1556: 2233: 2638: 655: 201: 718: 1867: 2527: 488: 483: 314: 2020: 986:, and, therefore, it is bound to ensure that children born outside marriage are provided with legal rights as stipulated in the text of this Convention. 785: 781: 1027:
of children, parents/legal guardians are obligated to ensure the child gets an education; failure to do so can result in criminal prosecution (Art. 380
851:. Journalists who wrote reports critical of government policies and actions have claimed they were targets for harassment and intimidation during the 828: 2554: 189: 3410: 3199: 1389: 399: 74: 66: 745:, government corruption, poor prison conditions, and compromised judicial independence. Romania was ranked 59th out of 167 countries in the 2015 3340: 2203: 2168: 1820: 125: 2673: 1248: 3275: 2906: 2850: 445: 440: 435: 264: 1219:
during peacetime. However the image of Romania was later tarnished internationally by severe violations of human rights during successive
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is set at 18, but can be lowered to 16 under special circumstances, with authorization from the district's administrative board. (Art 272
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Romania has many laws banning discrimination. The problems in the country are not rooted in lack of legislation, as Romania has a strong
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is a serious problem in Romania. Although Romania has improved its legislative framework in the 21st century, and also ratified the
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of 24 January 2003, the Law on National Education no.1/2011, etc.). Furthermore, discrimination is also addressed in the
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Children have equal rights, regardless of whether they were born inside or outside of marriage. This is stipulated in the
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are protected by several laws; and Romania also has international obligations due to the conventions it has ratified.
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occurring in the private sphere remains an issue. Romania was convicted by the ECHR in 2017 for its failure to act.
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orientation, political membership, wealth, age, disability, chronic non-transmissible disease or HIV/AIDS infection
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Ordinance no. 137 of 31 August 2000 republished (law on preventing and sanctioning all forms of discrimination)
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Law no. 202 of 19 April 2002 republished (law on equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women)
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of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography.
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ruled that detention conditions in Romanian prisons are in breach of European Convention of Human Rights.
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were massive public protests against government plans of decriminalizing certain forms of corruption.
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are generally respected by the government. However, there have been concerns regarding allegations of
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Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
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The Constitution of Romania protects women's rights. Article 4 (2) enshrines the principle of non-
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regime which included executions of political 'enemies' in the 1950s, and later on, the infamous
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in Romania are subject to constitutional provisions and internal laws. Romania is also bound by
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According to the new criminal code which came into force on 1 February 2014, Article 197 titled
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Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
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framework, but in the lack of enforcement of the existing laws - often due to bureaucracy,
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in 2007 to remedy the shortcomings of judicial reform and the fight against corruption.
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Law on the protection and promotion of the rights of the child, republished in 2014
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is a serious systemic problem, according to the anti-corruption report of the
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is compulsory until the 10th grade (usually corresponding to age 16 or 17).
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The European Convention on the Legal Status of Children Born out of Wedlock
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Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
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and is described as a "flawed democracy", similar to other countries in
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With regard to the new civil code, relevant provisions include Art. 30
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of the European Union, and international conventions it has ratified.
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Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
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Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1480:"Cooperation and Verification Mechanism for Bulgaria and Romania" 3264: 2536: 1105:(freely given consent for marriage; equality of the spouses). 1611: 1186:
Romania has been criticized for its failure to enforce the
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The government has been accused at times of restricting
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is an important law dealing with children's rights.
3556: 3298: 3118: 3014: 2878: 2773: 2682: 2587: 1243:, with its resulting abuse of unwanted children in 1045:which came into force in October 2011, the general 1730:"Romania - Coalition Against Trafficking of Women" 1411:"Romania PM Victor Ponta to face corruption trial" 855:. Romania was ranked 46th out of 178 countries in 1763:"Noul Cod Penal actualizat 2017 - Legea 286/2009" 1501:"Romanian power struggle alarms Europe's leaders" 2440:"Video Laboratoare inexistente sau rar folosite" 1705:"V. Country Narratives -- Countries Q through Z" 1029:Preventing access to compulsory public education 871:describes the Romanian press as "partly free". 780:are the only EU members monitored through the 3276: 2548: 1757: 1755: 712: 8: 2153:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 315:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 2359:"Romania criticised over domestic violence" 2021:"Legea privind tulburarea linistii publice" 1499:Andrew Gardner, Toby Vogel (11 July 2012). 1308: 1306: 1304: 3283: 3269: 3261: 3020: 2884: 2779: 2688: 2555: 2541: 2533: 2198: 2196: 2194: 1255:. Human rights improved greatly after the 998:Ill treatments applied to underage persons 782:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification 719: 705: 28: 1518:Sam Cage, Luiza Ilie (22 November 2012). 829:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 1375:. European Commission. February 3, 2014. 939:Pressing into forced or compulsory labor 1300: 1016:member, it is also subject to the EU's 31: 2146: 879:There has been a growing awareness of 1211:Background of human rights in Romania 1008:is 15. Romania has also ratified the 951:Use of an exploited person’s services 7: 3245: 1251:, and other abuses of the communist 1198:children, notwithstanding the fact 883:as a human rights issue in Europe ( 853:2004 Romanian presidential election 835:are another problem: in 2017, the 761:Corruption and institutional abuses 307:Alliance for the Union of Romanians 299:Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party 235:High Court of Cassation and Justice 1813:"United Nations Treaty Collection" 1588:. December 7, 2004. Archived from 1099:Equality in front of the civil law 25: 1680:"A modern slave's brutal odyssey" 1394:Associated Press via The Guardian 1190:of certain social groups, namely 3244: 2488: 1148:, art Art. 297 (2) which reads:" 960:; and is also a party to the UN 676: 41: 2128:Netherlands, e-Vision.nl, The. 1433:Direcția Națională Anticorupție 1056:Romania is a party to the 1980 935:Trafficking in underage persons 18:Freedom of the press in Romania 1289:Environmental racism in Europe 1108:In 2016, Romania ratified the 1: 1555:Insider, Ro (25 April 2017). 808:expressed concerns about the 400:Permanent Electoral Authority 339:Other ethnic-minority parties 2309:"C.N.C.D. : Legislatie" 1163:Domestic violence in Romania 887:Human trafficking in Romania 788:was established at the time 656:Presidents by time in office 2472:, p.150. Macmillan (1998), 2130:"HCCH - #28 - Status table" 931:Trafficking in human beings 3623: 2839:Chief of the General Staff 1160: 375:Ecologist Party of Romania 3212: 3023: 2887: 2782: 2691: 2574: 2506:Federal Research Division 2204:"CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA" 2169:"CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA" 1843:"CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA" 1369:EU Anti-Corruption Report 1006:age of consent in Romania 956:Romania has ratified the 861:World Press Freedom Index 857:Reporters Without Borders 331:Romanian Nationhood Party 2866:Unification with Moldova 2787:Administrative divisions 2470:The Abuses of Punishment 1116:Anti-discrimination laws 923:Exploitation of a person 514:Administrative divisions 3607:Human rights in Romania 3292:Human rights in Europe 1457:V. M. (March 4, 2017). 1112:(Istanbul Convention). 947:Exploitation of beggary 822:is also a problem. The 351:People's Movement Party 283:Social Democratic Party 3341:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2972:Science and technology 1274:LGBT rights in Romania 1176:violence against women 1063: 967: 895:Romanian Criminal Code 814:2017 Romanian protests 741:, mistreatment of the 275:National Liberal Party 2756:Territorial evolution 2639:United Principalities 2524:Censorship in Romania 1734:Catwinternational.org 1417:. 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Index

Freedom of the press in Romania
Politics of Romania
Coat of arms of Romania
Constitution
1991 (adoption)
2003 (amendments)
Constitutional Court
Government
President
list
Klaus Iohannis
Prime Minister
list
Marcel Ciolacu
Cabinet
current
list
Parliament
Senate
President
Nicolae Ciucă
Standing Bureau
Chamber of Deputies
President
Daniel Suciu
Standing Bureau
Judiciary
High Court of Cassation and Justice
Constitutional Court
Ombudsman

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