356:. At the time of excavation the mound was located on the William Freel farm 2 miles southeast of Scarboro, Tennessee. The site was located 1200 feet from the western side of the Clinch River in a wide valley with ridges to the east and west in a prominently wooded knoll. During the excavation the mound resided on land that had been owned by the Freel family for over 135 years. The field surrounding the mound had been traditionally farmed; however the mound itself had never been disturbed. Webb described the mound as covered with undergrowth and having eight large trees growing from it. The largest tree was a white oak that measured 23 inches in diameter. The roots from the trees had extensively penetrated the mound. A part of the mound on the western side had been removed to create a dirt road.
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The stone pile was stacked to form a circular shape that measured 16 feet and 4 inches in diameter and rose above the original ground surface approximately 1 foot. "Burial No. 17" and the stone circle made up the original increment of the construction site. The earth on top of the stones was added as
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Funkhouser, W. (1938). A Study of the
Physical Anthropology and Pathology of the Osteological Material From the Norris Basin. In W. S. Webb, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 118: An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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The excavation revealed no evidence of midden material. Also no potsherds were found in the mound. There was no evidence on the site of any structures and very little information that would give any information as to who built the mound. The burials and the stacked stone circle were the outstanding
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The mound was circular shaped with a diameter of 40 feet and a height of eight feet above the original ground surface at its midpoint. It was created from hard-packed yellow clay with small specs of charcoal inside. The mound had one indication of a grave excavation below the original forest ground
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Burial No. 17: The best preserved and the original skeleton that was placed in the mound. This skeleton was the only one in good enough condition to be studied and measured by W.D. Funkhouser, a physical anthropologist from the
University of Kentucky. Funkhouser took the measurements Burial No. 17
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The mound was staked into 5-foot squares, along the cardinal directions. The northeastern stake was designated as the zero stake. The squares were designated southward by integers and westward by decimals. Stratification was not discernable and there was no evidence of intrusion. Care was taken to
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was being constructed the
Tennessee Valley Authority sponsored an archaeological survey of the Norris basin. The survey had three key goals; the discovery of all prehistoric sites within the basin, the excavation of all sites found, the recovery and preservation of all information and material of
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The mound is associated with the Late
Woodland period and was likely created between 500 and 1000 CE. The basis of this assessment is related to the burial practices of the individuals within the mound. The differences in the mortuary treatment of individuals at Freel Farm mound indicate a
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archaeological value. The survey found 23 sites of prehistoric significance. Freel Farm mound was the 22nd site. The location of the mound was actually downstream of Norris Dam and would not have been affected by the collecting waters, but was excavated due to its proximity to the basin.
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DuVall, G. D. (1994). An
Archaeological Reconnaissance and Evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, Anderson and Roane Counties, Tennessee. Nashville: DuVall & Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources and Environmental Services.
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features discovered in the mound. It was also determined during the excavation that the yellow clay used to cover the mound was clean and brought in to cover the bodies laid on the surface.
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Burial No. 14: Poorly preserved and partially disturbed adult found 15 inches above the ground floor. Some of the remains are not in anatomical order. A rock was placed over the leg bones.
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Administration, U. D. (2006). Findings of No
Significant Impact and Final Environmental Assessment for the Y-12 Potable Water System Upgrade. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy.
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Webb, W. S. (1938). Bureau of
American Ethnology Bulletin 118: An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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Fielder, G. F. (1974). Archaeological Survey with
Emphasis on Prehistoric Sites of the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge Tennessee. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
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under the supervision of T.M.N. Lewis. Important finds of the excavation include 17 burials and a few artifacts. The artifacts and records from the fieldwork are held by the
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hired T.M.N. Lewis to oversee the archaeological survey. Lewis served as a district supervisor on the excavation of the site and A.P. Taylor served as the field supervisor.
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Burial No. 6 and Burial No. 7: Portions of three bodies, two adults and one child. Poor preservation of the bones was due to the action of the roots of the trees.
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An
Archaeological Reconnaissance and Evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, Anderson and Roane Counties, Tennessee.
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An
Archaeological Reconnaissance and Evaluation of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, Anderson and Roane Counties, Tennessee
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Burial No. 1: Fully flexed adult. The preservation of material is poor. A piece of drilled conch shell was found near the neck of the skeleton.
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to the south of Oak Ridge, Tennessee caused the water levels along the Clinch River to rise permanently submerging the Freel Farm mound.
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Burial No. 8: Poorly preserved portion of a skull and the lower limbs of a fully flexed adult found 22 inches above the ground floor.
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The Freel Farm Mound is located on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation. The site is currently inundated by
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Burial No. 9: Found just below the mound surface was a nearly disintegrated adult. A flint spear point was also found.
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Freel Farm mound was excavated in 1934 due to its location in the Norris reservoir basin project area. In the 1930s as
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level near the center of the mound. In this grave was "Burial No. 17", the body had been covered by large stones.
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Findings of No Significant Impact and Final Environmental Assessment for the Y-12 Potable Water System Upgrade.
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Findings of No Significant Impact and Final Environmental Assessment for the Y-12 Potable Water System Upgrade
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maintain vertical profiles every five feet and to keep a clean floor in the trench going down to the hardpan.
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Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 118: An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee
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Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 118: An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee
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Archaeological Survey with Emphasis on Prehistoric Sites of the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge Tennessee.
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Archaeological Survey with Emphasis on Prehistoric Sites of the Oak Ridge Reservation Oak Ridge Tennessee
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Burial No. 11: Poorly preserved skull, clavicle, and rib of an adult found 20 inches above ground floor.
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17 burials were found within the mound. Webb numbered the burials in the order in which they were found.
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Burial No. 10: A crushed skull found 10 inches above the ground floor beneath the base of a tree.
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Burial No. 4: Eleven inches below the mound surface a poorly preserved partially flexed skeleton.
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and compared them with measurements from other individuals found during the Norris Basin Survey.
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http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/nepapub/nepa_documents/RedDont/EA-1548-FEA-2006.pdf
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Burial No. 16: Crushed skull on the ground floor. Found near a perforated shell bead.
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Burial No. 12: Poorly preserved adult found 18 inches above the ground floor.
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Administration, U.S. Department of Energy: National Nuclear Security (2006).
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http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/10121935-HPyu6I/native/10121935.pdf
312:(40AN22) (formerly 7AN22) is an archaeological site and burial mound of the
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Burial No. 3: Poorly preserved partially flexed adult on the ground floor.
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Burial No. 5: Greatly decayed bones on the ground surface.
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Burial No. 2: Partially flexed adult on the ground floor.
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Burial No. 15: A bundle burial not in anatomical order.
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Burial No. 13: A bundle burial not in anatomical order.
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http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1974/3445603172117.pdf
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784:. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
715:. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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324:. The site was excavated in 1934 as part of the
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48:introducing citations to additional sources
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613:. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy.
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1322:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
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38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1890:Geography of Anderson County, Tennessee
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549:Selected Books, Monographs, and Papers
391:In the 1960s the construction of the
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368:non-egalitarian society had formed.
1793:Norse colonization of North America
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1885:Archaeological sites in Tennessee
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31:relies largely or entirely on a
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1813:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
148:Location within Tennessee today
737:Fielder, George F Jr. (1974).
501:Freel farm mound stone circle.
477:Freel farm mound site drawing.
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1900:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
543:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
538:Federal Relief Administration
386:Federal Relief Administration
301:Federal Relief Administration
1778:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
1728:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1162:Bandelier National Monument
1036:List of Mississippian sites
823:Pre-Columbian North America
780:; Webb, William S. (1938).
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1915:Civil Works Administration
1910:Tennessee Valley Authority
1582:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
1187:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
896:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
533:Civil Works Administration
518:Tennessee Valley Authority
372:Recent History of the Site
334:Civil Works Administration
330:Tennessee Valley Authority
297:Civil Works Administration
293:Tennessee Valley Authority
187:Anderson County, Tennessee
165:Anderson County, Tennessee
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1823:Three Sisters agriculture
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711:Webb, William S. (1938).
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1362:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
921:Buttermilk Creek complex
1562:Town Creek Indian Mound
1532:Sierra de San Francisco
1387:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
757:DuVall, DuVall (1994).
489:Freel farm mound floor.
59:"Freel Farm Mound Site"
1217:Coso Rock Art District
1104:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1007:List of Hopewell sites
112:Freel Farm Mound Site
1625:Arlington Springs Man
1467:Portsmouth Earthworks
332:using labor from the
318:Oak Ridge Reservation
310:Freel Farm Mound Site
250:Excavation dates
239:Late Woodland Culture
214:35.97333°N 84.21833°W
1905:Late Woodland period
1833:Transoceanic contact
1723:Container Revolution
1297:Gila Cliff Dwellings
1262:Etowah Indian Mounds
342:Knoxville, Tennessee
322:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
314:Late Woodland period
281:Architectural styles
161:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
44:improve this article
1895:Mounds in Tennessee
1753:Green Corn Ceremony
1567:Turkey River Mounds
1357:Lake Jackson Mounds
1177:Blue Spring Shelter
326:Norris Basin Survey
219:35.97333; -84.21833
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1512:Rosenstock Village
1382:Marmes Rockshelter
1367:L'Anse aux Meadows
513:Freels Farm Mounds
291:Responsible body:
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1665:Spirit Cave mummy
1462:Plum Bayou Mounds
1372:Lynch Quarry Site
891:Ancient Beringian
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1572:Upward Sun River
1547:Stallings Island
1537:Shell ring sites
1487:Recapture Canyon
1402:Moorehead Circle
1247:El Fin del Mundo
1232:Cueva de la Olla
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348:Site Description
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1527:Serpent Mound
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1257:Effigy Mounds
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1069:Paleo-Indians
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100:December 2012
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64:
61: –
60:
56:
55:Find sources:
49:
45:
41:
35:
34:
33:single source
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1843:Water glyphs
1798:Oasisamerica
1788:N.A.G.P.R.A.
1748:Folsom point
1738:Effigy mound
1718:Clovis point
1686:Aridoamerica
1587:Wickiup Hill
1542:Spiro Mounds
1522:Salmon Ruins
1517:Russell Cave
1312:Helen Blazes
1307:Grimes Point
1287:Fort Juelson
1277:Fort Ancient
1252:El Vallecito
1212:Chaco Canyon
1152:Angel Mounds
1114:Steed-Kisker
1064:Paleo-Arctic
986:Glacial Kame
971:Fort Ancient
863:Post-Classic
834:
781:
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739:
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366:
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309:
307:
285:burial mound
276:Architecture
266:T.M.N. Lewis
97:
87:
80:
73:
66:
54:
30:
1828:Thunderbird
1696:Black drink
1660:Peñon woman
1597:Winterville
1577:Velda Mound
1557:Taos Pueblo
1452:Parkin Park
1437:Orwell site
1422:Nodena site
1317:Holly Bluff
1292:Four Mounds
1282:Fort Center
1207:Casa Grande
1157:Anzick site
1049:Monongahela
976:Fort Walton
951:Coles Creek
916:Belle Glade
901:Anishinaabe
270:A.P. Taylor
217: /
193:Coordinates
1879:Categories
1773:Metallurgy
1733:Eden point
1630:Buhl Woman
1502:Rock Eagle
1492:River Styx
1417:Mummy Cave
1412:Moundville
1392:Mesa Verde
1377:Marksville
1124:Tchefuncte
1084:Plaquemine
1020:Las Palmas
936:Calf Creek
931:Cades Pond
596:References
528:Norris Dam
399:Excavation
378:Norris Dam
245:Site notes
205:84°13′06″W
202:35°58′24″N
114:(40 AN 22)
70:newspapers
1818:Stickball
1507:Rock Hawk
1337:Key Marco
1129:Troyville
1109:St. Johns
1094:Red Ocher
853:Formative
40:talk page
1706:Chanunpa
1691:Ballgame
1670:Vero man
1620:Anzick-1
1592:Windover
1552:SunWatch
1482:Rassawek
1302:Glenwood
1192:Brewster
1044:Mogollon
1015:La Jolla
1001:Hopewell
961:Deptford
874:cultures
507:See also
235:Cultures
157:Location
1855:Related
1713:Chunkey
1613:remains
1602:Wupatki
1442:Paquime
1332:Huápoca
1197:Cahokia
1167:Bastian
1074:Patayan
996:Hohokam
981:Fremont
956:Comondú
911:Baytown
906:Avonlea
886:Alachua
858:Classic
848:Archaic
836:Periods
412:Burials
328:by the
230:History
167:,
163:,
84:scholar
1272:Folsom
1237:Cutler
1172:Benson
1059:Oneota
991:Glades
966:Folsom
946:Clovis
843:Lithic
183:Region
174:
86:
79:
72:
65:
57:
1803:Piasa
1611:Human
1242:Eaker
1145:sites
1079:Plano
881:Adena
764:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
91:JSTOR
77:books
1763:Kiva
308:The
253:1934
63:news
1267:Eva
340:in
320:in
177:USA
46:by
1881::
721:^
619:^
344:.
299:,
295:,
268:,
264:,
815:e
808:t
801:v
102:)
98:(
88:·
81:·
74:·
67:·
50:.
36:.
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