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about the black experience from the view of black and the black press and Du Bois wrote "The Over-Look" about any issue in the black experience he felt necessary. Murray's "the In-Look" often criticized less radical positions of Booker T. Washington and his followers. The paper was not always in perfect harmony, and
Hershaw and Murray frequently fought over material to be included in the "Horizon". In 1908, Du Bois, Hershaw,
185:. After primary school, Murray attended Mount Pleasant Academy to train to be a teacher, one of three black students. He graduated from the academy in 1875. Murray was a bibliophile and learned French and Latin while continuing to work with his mother's father, Daniel Bentley in his whitewashing and painting business. Daniel Bentley was a major inspiration for Murray, having run a station on the
160:. Alongside his other work, Murray was an important intellectual leader and wrote an influential book of art criticism. In this, Murray was one of the first historians of African American art. His work expressed a desire that art take seriously the representation of African Americans and that slavery not be overlooked in favor of representation of heroes and glory in public art.
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276:, as well as writing for many other newspapers and journals. Murray started the Journal, the Home News, which was co-edited by Edward Hill, in 1901. Murray's position at the Guardian begane in January 1909. In the 1910s, Murray was an officer for the American Negro Academy. He also founded another paper, the Washington Tribune.
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of Laura. They had one daughter, Florence Rogers. Murray had at least two other daughters, Kathleen (Luckett) and
Florence, and two sons, F. Morris and William M. Freeman H. M. Murray was struck by a car driven by prominent Alexandria doctor William Allen Fuller, and died two days later on February 20, 1950, in Washington, DC.
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228:, where he started a real estate business. He purchased a large manor house which he considered a "post Civil War Underground Railroad System", as a safe house for African Americans at risk of persecution and lynching. With his brother, John, he created the Murray Brothers Printers and Publishing Company.
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in the black press. Washington sent his assistant, New York
Customs Agent Charles W. Anderson to suggest action against the radicals to Roosevelt. Anderson opposed the idea of Niagara movement members holding federal jobs and succeeded at convincing President Roosevelt that Murray should be demoted.
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and
William Monroe Trotter were noted as other key players in the movement and involved in the magazine. Hershaw's most frequent contribution to Horizon was a column called "The Out-Look", a view of the black experience from the perspective of the white world, while Murray contributed "The In-Look"
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In 1883, Murray married Laura
Hamilton. They had five children. One daughter, Kathleen Paige Murray, worked for the Niagara Movement. In 1898 his daughter, Mary Vivian, and his wife died of tuberculosis. On September 1, 1898, Murray married his live-in nanny and mistress, Delilah - who was a cousin
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In April 1890, W. B. Dulaney, Rev. R. H. Porter, William Gray, and Murray formed the New Era
Building Association to aid blacks to purchase homes and invest savings. In December 1891, Murray, Rev. H. H. Warring and Rev. Porter were elected by a group of Alexandria blacks to oppose segregated coach
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in 1916 where he discussed the role of
African Americans in sculpture. Murray advocated advances in African American culture and art. Murray's book was concerned with the tendency of sculptures celebrating emancipation focusing on its heroes and great battles, and that they would tend to overlook
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Murray was a founding member of the
Niagara Movement, founded by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1906. He was a prominent member of the movement, giving the opening address at the second national meeting of the group in August 1906 at Harpers Ferry. The Niagara Movement was a forerunner of the
320:
In order to publicize the views of the
Niagara Movement, Du Bois, Hershaw, and F. H. M. Murray began publication of the magazine, "The Horizon". The journal was published from 1907 to 1910; Murray was printer and Du Bois and Hershaw were co-editors
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Women at the 1906 Niagara
Movement Conference at Harpers Ferry: Mrs. Gertrude Wright Morgan (seated) and (left to right) Mrs. O.M. Waller, Mrs. F.H.M. Murray, Mrs. Mollie Lewis Kelan, Mrs. Ida D. Bailey, Miss Sadie Shorter, and Mrs. Charlotte
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Later in his life he organized and directed the Alexandria Dramatic Club. He also was a religious leader and educator in Alexandria. He was the head of the primary Sunday School of Roberts Chapel Methodist Church, where he also taught.
358:'s Panel "Emancipation" of his Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Murray notes with appreciation the power behind the emancipated man's central position, grasp of a musket, and arm upraised to take the soldiers oath
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Freeman Henry Morris Murray was born September 22, 1859, in Cleveland, Ohio. His father was John M. Murray and was of Scottish descent and was disowned by his family for marrying a black woman. John was a member of the
181:. His mother was Martha Bently, whose father was Irish and mother was Native American and African American. The couple owned a tailoring business in Cleveland. After his father died, his mother moved the family to
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slavery, thereby lessening its role in the national consciousness. This concern with the politics of representation and memory of slavery and black history has influenced many 20th and 21st century scholars.
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Old Dominion Politics. The after Sundown Vote the Secret to Democratic Success in Virginia. Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia). Saturday, October 26, 1901. Volume: IX Issue: 30 Page:
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In 1884, Murray passed the civil service exam in Ohio and moved to the Washington, DC area where he was appointed to a position in the Pension Division of the
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Jones, Angela. African American Civil Rights: Early Activism and the Niagara Movement: Early Activism and the Niagara Movement. ABC-CLIO, Aug 15, 2011 p226-228
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Jacqueline M. Moore, Leading the Race: The Transformation of the Black Elite in the Nation's Capital, 1880-1920 University of Virginia Press, 1999, p. 154
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where he gained editing and publishing experience. Later in life he studied at Howard University in Washington, DC and eventually learned five languages.
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Freeman Henry Morris Murray, Emancipation and the Freed in American Sculpture: A Study in Interpretation (Washington, D.C.: Murray Brothers, 1916).
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Alexandria Doctor Fined $ 5 in Traffic Death of Man, 90. Evening Star (Washington (DC), District of Columbia). Saturday, March 11, 1950. Page: 21
247:, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Murray was particularly active working with Wells to fight lynching. After Douglass died, Murray became caretaker of the
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Tom Pendergast. Creating the Modern Man: American Magazines and Consumer Culture, 1900-1950. University of Missouri Press, 2000, page 93
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Opposed to Separate Cars. Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, Virginia), December 17, 1891, page 3 accessed August 12, 2016 at
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during the time of slavery and continuing to work for African American progress after the civil war. Soon, Murray moved to
136:(September 22, 1859 - February 20, 1950) was an intellectual, civil rights activist, and journalist in Washington D.C. and
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and lynching, and supporting positive representation of African Americans in public art. He was a founding member of the
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428:"Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of Civil War Veterans, ca. 1861 - ca. 1910"
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broke with Trotter; and Trotter left the journal and the movement. Seeking greater radicalism, Trotter created the
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Hackley-Lambert, Anita. F.H.M. Murray: First Biography of a Forgotten Pioneer for Civil Justice. HLE Pub., 2006
335:
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Ater, Renée, Slavery and Its Memory in Public Monuments. American Art Vol. 24, No. 1 (Spring 2010), pp. 20-23
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More Charters, Alexandria Gazette (Alexandria, Virginia), April 7, 1890, page 3 accessed August 12, 2016 at
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600:"Short Flights". Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana). Saturday, February 1, 1908. Volume: XXI Issue: 5 Page: 4
244:
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Niagara Movement. Evening Star (Washington (DC), District of Columbia). Friday, August 17, 1906. Page: 2
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Give Us Justice, Colored Men Cry. Boston Herald (Boston, Massachusetts). Sunday, July 16, 1905, Page: 10
255:, questioning Washington's strategies for failing to recognize the radical nature of the change needed.
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Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana). Saturday, June 29, 1907 Volume: XX Issue: 25 Page: 3
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City News in Brief, The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.) December 29, 1915, page 9
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The Week in Society, The Washington Bee (Washington, D.C.), January 23, 1909, page 5
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Murray was very active in African-American politics and activism. He worked with
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482:(Washington (DC), District of Columbia) Thursday, February 23, 1950. Page: 22
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https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6209683/opposed_to_separate_cars_alexandria/
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https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6209646/more_charters_alexandria_gazette/
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and died at Bull Run Bridge on August 27, 1862, in the preamble to the
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Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics
140:. He was active in promoting black home-ownership, opposing
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Rites Set Tomorrow for Freeman Murray, Author and Newsman,
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
16:
Civil rights activist, and journalist in Washington D.C
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In 1907 Murray and others were rallying opposition to
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251:. Murray frequently wrote and spoke in opposition to
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1079:American newspaper publishers (people)
148:and was an editor of its journal, the
1064:Journalists from Alexandria, Virginia
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439:partnered with The National Archives
249:Frederick Douglass Memorial Cemetery
673:Presidents and CEOs (1996–present)
266:Murray ran a newspaper called the
19:For the British Army officer, see
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669:Executive Secretaries (1910–1964)
50:(who organized the 2nd meeting),
671:Executive Directors (1964–1996)
340:Negro American Political League
362:He wrote an influential book,
119:Journalist, Real Estate, Clerk
46:(seated), and (left to right)
1:
1069:People from Washington, D.C.
30:Freeman Henry Morris Murray
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1084:African-American educators
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179:Second Battle of Bull Run
54:, and F. H. M. Murray at
42:Niagara Movement leaders
35:
1074:Howard University alumni
1026:National Negro Committee
288:W. E. B. Du Bois c. 1911
216:Move to Washington, D.C.
108:Mount Pleasant Academy,
928:Stephen Gill Spottswood
892:Oswald Garrison Villard
239:, Lafayette M Hershaw,
127:Laura Hamilton, Delilah
1059:Writers from Cleveland
916:Channing Heggie Tobias
810:Presidents (1909–1996)
794:Cornell William Brooks
776:Dennis Courtland Hayes
764:Dennis Courtland Hayes
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245:William Monroe Trotter
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1099:Journalists from Ohio
952:Myrlie Evers-Williams
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287:
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991:NAACP Theatre Awards
934:Margaret Bush Wilson
790:(2013–2014, interim)
778:(2007–2008, interim)
766:(2004–2005, interim)
722:James Weldon Johnson
710:James Weldon Johnson
301:Booker T. Washington
280:The Niagara Movement
261:Virginia Legislature
253:Booker T. Washington
226:Alexandria, Virginia
187:Underground Railroad
158:Lafayette M. Hershaw
138:Alexandria, Virginia
134:Freeman H. M. Murray
97:Alexandria, Virginia
52:Lafayette M. Hershaw
1109:Educators from Ohio
1104:Activists from Ohio
1006:NAACP Youth Council
940:Kelly Alexander Sr.
904:Mary White Ovington
898:Joel Elias Spingarn
823:Joel Elias Spingarn
698:Mary White Ovington
686:Mary White Ovington
196:Cincinnati Enquirer
191:Covington, Kentucky
996:NAACP Image Awards
829:Arthur B. Spingarn
704:Royal Freeman Nash
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309:Theodore Roosevelt
305:Tuskegee Institute
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233:Frederick Douglass
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171:12th Ohio Infantry
74:September 22, 1859
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865:Rupert Richardson
692:May Childs Nerney
328:Clement G. Morgan
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89:February 20, 1950
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1114:Niagara Movement
1021:Niagara Movement
922:Robert C. Weaver
817:Moorfield Storey
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886:English Walling
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867:(1992–1996)
861:(1990–1992)
859:Hazel Dukes
855:(1984–1990)
843:(1976–1982)
837:(1966–1975)
831:(1940–1965)
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819:(1909–1929)
796:(2014–2017)
784:(2008–2013)
782:Ben Jealous
772:(2005–2007)
760:(1996–2004)
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748:(1993–1994)
742:(1977–1992)
736:(1955–1977)
734:Roy Wilkins
730:(1929–1955)
724:(1920–1929)
718:(1918–1920)
712:(1917–1918)
706:(1916–1917)
694:(1912–1916)
688:(1911–1912)
682:(1910–1911)
346:Art history
316:The Horizon
1048:Categories
1032:The Crisis
847:James Kemp
380:References
295:N.A.A.C.P.
70:1859-09-22
443:12 August
268:Home News
124:Spouse(s)
984:See also
207:Hershaw.
662:Leaders
173:in the
150:Horizon
849:(1983)
700:(1916)
334:, and
99:, U.S.
80:, U.S.
433:Fold3
445:2016
307:and
156:and
86:Died
64:Born
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