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Act as last ratified in 2007. The owners can thus be forced to pay for copyright infringements of third persons just because they opened their network to the public. This legal practice led to fear and uncertainty and made many people and businesses close their
Internet and Wi-Fi access points, e.g.
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was the
Picopeering Agreement. This agreement about rationales of free networks describes how the transmission of other people's data is handled in a free network and has become a core agreement of the community. During the workshop, participants also agreed upon regular meetings in Berlin to build
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There are several different implementations of the firmware depending on the hardware and protocols local communities use. The first Wi-Fi ad hoc network was done in
Georgia, USA in 1999 as demonstrated by Toh. It was a six-node implementation running the
170:, owned by those who run it and to support local communication. The initiative is based on the Picopeering Agreement. In this agreement, participants agree upon a network that is free from discrimination, in the sense of
202:, all routers connect to each other using special routing software. When a router fails, this software automatically calculates a new route to the destination. This software, the Freifunk firmware, is based on
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connection. In Sweden (as in most other countries), there is no secondary liability. The situation regarding secondary liability was only clarified in 2016–18 as a result of several legal rulings by the
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In the following years, the initiative became quite successful all over
Germany, also because it became easier to install the Freifunk firmware on off-the-shelf wireless routers. There is a yearly
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on Linux kernel and WAVELAN WiFi. But ABR was a patented protocol. Following that experience, Freifunk worked on standard IETF protocols - the two common standard proposals are
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Wireless
Networking in the Developing World. A practical guide to planning and building low-cost telecommunications infrastructure, Chapter 8: "Mesh Networking", pp. 134
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https://www.offenenetze.de/2018/07/30/bgh-dead-island-wie-der-bgh-zwar-die-abschaffung-der-stoererhaftung-bei-wlans-bestaetigt-ihr-grunduebel-aber-weiter-beibehaelt/
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which drastically restricted the scope of secondary liability in
Germany and therefore made it legally feasible to put up public Wi-Fi hotspots in Germany again.
519:
Toh, C.-K.; Chen, Richard; Delwar, Minar; Allen, Donald (December 6, 2000). "Experimenting with an Ad Hoc
Wireless Network on Campus: Insights and Experiences".
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Wireless
Networking in the developing world. A practical guide to planning and building low-cost telecommunications infrastructure
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initiative to support free computer networks in the German region. Freifunk is part of the international movement for a
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Hackerspace every
Wednesday. At the same time, the German language site freifunk.net was started.
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293:: Secondary liability is the legal situation that makes the owners of open / non-encrypted
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In 2012, the Berlin
Freifunk community got a lot of media attention for a project called
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The development of B.A.T.M.A.N. is driven by Freifunk activists on a volunteering basis.
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Freifunk community set up a network of more than 300 nodes, using VPN tunnels to the
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over longer distances. This project is funded by the local broadcasting corporation
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174:. Similar grassroots initiatives in Austria and in Switzerland are FunkFeuer and
363:. Many new Freifunk communities emerged. In Berlin, the community is building a
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was a preconfigured access point that sent all data from the public network to
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The Freifunk-Initiative installing Wi‑Fi antennas in Berlin-Kreuzberg in 2013
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their own free wifi network. Ever since, there have been weekly meetings at
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In September 2003, Freifunk activists founded the non-profit association
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are the biggest communities, with more than 1,000 access points each.
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126:. The initiative counts about 400 local communities with over 41,000
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liable for what other users do over their internet connection (i.e.
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The main goals of Freifunk are to build a large-scale free wireless
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704:"The unique legal concept that led to Germany's weird wifi laws"
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workshop in October 2002 on free wireless community networks in
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by interconnecting multiple Wireless LANs. In a Wi-Fi
615:"Why is it impossible to find free wi-fi in Germany?"
118:(German for: "free radio") is a non-commercial open
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266:to support free communication infrastructures.
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679:"Pressemitteilung Nr. 212/16 vom 24.11.2016"
757:Video clip that explains the Freifunk idea
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783:Freifunk wiki (English-language category)
767:Version in German with English subtitles
420:"Find you community (Community Finden)"
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324:in cafés or in public locations. The
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216:Associativity-Based Routing protocol
779:in the Freifunk wiki (German only)
375:and is still on-going in Germany.
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555:"Technik der Community Netzwerke"
264:Förderverein Freie Netzwerke e.V.
373:Medienanstalt Berlin-Brandenburg
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593:Foerderverein.frer-netzwerke.de
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777:Freifunk firmware information
613:Dobush, Grace (28 May 2016).
521:SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev
39:Connections between nodes in
495:"Picopeering Agreement v1.0"
326:Freifunk Freedom Fighter Box
299:guilty until proven innocent
287:Freifunk Freedom Fighter Box
273:taking place in Berlin, at
71:; 21 years ago
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271:Wireless Community Weekend
242:One of the results of the
124:wireless community network
665:"CURIA - List of results"
339:European Court of Justice
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790:, 3rd edition, Feb. 2013
190:networks, Freifunk uses
194:technology to bring up
640:"Freifunk Statt Angst"
369:microwave transmission
301:), as outlined in the
295:wireless access points
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533:10.1145/377616.377622
289:. The project fights
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200:mobile ad hoc network
186:Like many other free
722:Hamburg.freifunk.net
291:secondary liability
69:September 2003
804:Community networks
470:"Community finden"
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449:Freifunk-karte.de
344:Bundesgerichtshof
312:law, part of the
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724:. 30 June 2013
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559:Freifunk.net
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527:(3): 21–29.
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502:. Retrieved
499:Picopeer.net
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474:Freifunk.net
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452:. Retrieved
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424:Freifunk.net
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281:Legal issues
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224:B.A.T.M.A.N.
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176:Openwireless
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361:Netherlands
317: [
306: [
92:Commercial?
66:Established
798:Categories
406:References
206:and other
182:Technology
120:grassroots
395:Guifi.net
385:Netsukuku
367:based on
148:Stuttgart
819:Wireless
728:7 August
649:7 August
624:7 August
598:7 August
564:7 August
504:7 August
479:7 August
454:7 August
429:7 August
400:NYC Mesh
379:See also
116:Freifunk
105:freifunk
56:Location
19:Freifunk
772:YouTube
762:YouTube
541:1486812
357:Hamburg
351:Outcome
332:over a
230:History
204:OpenWrt
144:Hanover
132:MĂĽnster
100:Website
76:2003-09
74: (
60:Germany
619:Qz.com
539:
330:Sweden
275:c-base
257:c-base
252:London
248:Berlin
244:BerLon
152:Uelzen
150:, and
140:Munich
136:Aachen
87:Active
41:Berlin
537:S2CID
321:]
310:]
164:Wi-Fi
730:2019
651:2019
626:2019
600:2019
566:2019
506:2019
481:2019
456:2019
431:2019
250:and
222:and
220:OLSR
192:mesh
107:.net
51:Data
48:Type
770:on
764:or
760:on
529:doi
334:VPN
158:Aim
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
