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985:. Despite the work done in the 1860s, the palace was not suitable for running a household in accordance with the demands of a ruling prince, lacking sufficient guest quarters for example. As a consequence, most of the Duchy’s administration was moved out of the palace and into the town. Substantial redecoration work was done to the state apartments at that time. The final round of redesigns occurred under
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and some decoration above the main gate to the courtyard, located in the centre of the north wing. The austere facades are structured not by ornamental features but only by the symmetrical arrangement of the windows and a cornice running around the whole building between the first and second floors.
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Major changes in the 20th century were limited to memorials and the areas immediately to the north and south of the castle proper. In 1904, the statue of Ernst der Fromme to the north was erected. This area between town and castle has since been restored in 1998, although it was previously occupied
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moved out of the
Baroque state apartments in the main wing and into new rooms in the east wing, between the Mirror Hall and the east pavilion. Ernst II also had various other changes made to the palace and its surroundings, including tearing down some of the original gate buildings and ramparts and
925:
and his bride. Since work was not finished in time for the wedding, the
Princess moved into the rooms in the northwest corner and Emil August into the unfinished west wing. After his wife died in 1801, Emil August had her rooms changed for his own needs. The bastions around the palace were removed
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helped to contain the fire to that part of the palace. It was realized that the Great Hall in the north wing, stretching over two floors and reaching above the chapel, prevented the addition of fire walls to the main wing. The hall was thus demolished and replaced by a new fire wall along with new
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not used as a residential palace, the focus shifted to its function as administrative centre of the Duchy. Various changes occurred during the long reign of Ernst II: Space for the museum became too tight, so it was decided in 1863 to construct a specialised building. This new museum was built in
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The palace dominates the town by its sheer size: the main wing is 100 metres long, the two side wings are 140 metres long. Although the interior of the palace has been significantly altered since the time of Ernst I, the exterior has remained largely unchanged. The simple, unadorned exterior was
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was added. After 1687, a crypt for the burial of the Ducal family was created beneath the chapel and the chapel itself rebuilt. In 1681/82, the former ballroom in the west pavilion was replaced by a theatre (see below). In 1684-87, the east pavilion was rebuilt and crowned with a rounded roof,
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The castle built for Ernst I was constructed according to general principles favoured by
Protestant rulers in the 17th century. It took the form of a so-called "sub-ordinated" palace, meaning that the four wings are not on an equal footing but that there is one dominating main wing. At
888:. The first upper floor of all the wings is slightly lower than the others – it used to house the offices of the Ducal administration. The second floor contained the main representatives areas reached by two staircases located at the juncture between the north and the side wings.
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On the side facing the courtyard, an arcade was constructed running around all four wings of the palace. The major later change to the external appearance of the palace has been the addition of the two buildings on the left and right of the main wing facing the town, known as
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In the 19th century, only minor alterations were made to the gardens. After the change in dynasties, the
English garden was opened to the public in 1827. In the second half of the 19th century the last remaining formal gardens were replaced - the new museum building and the
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that is the four-story north wing, facing the town. The two side wings have three floors (but end in the four-story towers or pavilions) and the final wing had just one floor. Initially, all the state apartments were housed in the four-storied sections of the palace.
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is surrounded by substantial gardens, developed individually but today linked into one park. The first garden was created even before the castle itself. The vegetable garden south of the castle was started in 1641/42. In 1645 and 1649, other gardens followed; the
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in the
Baroque style built on German soil that was completed during the lifetime of the ruler who ordered it. To justify the expense of such a vast structure, Ernest explicitly referred to the need to accommodate the administration for the new Duchy.
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had been completed. The outer works were finished by 1687 and, beginning in 1663, the town of Gotha was also fortified. In 1672, the House of Saxe-Altenburg ended and most of the Duchy passed to Ernst, who now was ruler of
397:. It was first mentioned in 1316 and rebuilt in 1531-43 when it was also fortified in accordance with the changed requirements for a fortress in the age of gunpowder. In 1547, the Ernestine branch of the
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After the end of the war, a significant part of the art treasures of the
Friedenstein museums was transported to the Soviet Union as war reparations. However, most of it was restored in the late 1950s.
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still in working condition, which makes it possible to change the scenery in view of the audience while the curtain is open. The mechanism was restored in the 1770s but is largely unchanged from 1683.
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of the newly created "court theatre" while acting in many plays himself. Having turned it into one of the leading theatres in
Germany, after his death in 1778 the fame of the theatre declined rapidly.
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on the ground floor of the north wing. Otherwise the ground floor of all the wings housed servants' and storage rooms as well as an armoury, a stable, a mint and a smithy. The fourth wing contained a
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However, Ernst was unwilling to exclude any of his surviving sons from his heritage. So after his death in 1675, the Duchy was split in 1680/81 into seven separate territories: Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg,
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The gallery of paintings has been moved to the New Museum building outside the palace itself. This reorganisation is part of the general overhaul of the museums that began in 2010 under the label
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Charles Edward was deposed by the local "Workers' and
Soldiers' Council" and on 23 November he signed his abdication, thus ending the existence of the Duchy. The castle was now used as a museum.
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736:). A special commission of the GDR police failed to solve the theft. It took no less than 40 years for the paintings to be recovered. The theft is not unsolved. The thief's name was
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Die finsterste Nacht ĂĽber dem
Friedenstein. Eine Verlustgeschichte: Museumsdirektor Bernd Schäfer erinnert sich an den Gothaer Kunstraub 1979 – Jetzt läuft die Verjährungsfrist ab
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caused a conflict of loyalties for
Charles Edward/Karl Eduard, but he sided with Germany, leading the British government to strip him of his titles in the United Kingdom.
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but actually printed on canvas) is still the original from the 1680s. In the 1770s, the balcony was extended and a second one added above. The theatre features a Baroque
459:. Gotha at the time was the largest town in the Duchy. In 1641/42 work began on the park, followed by construction of the palace itself in 1643. In naming the castle
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1864-79 south of the palace. After a new theatre had been built in town in 1837-40, the Ekhof-Theater lost its function as the main stage. In 1847, new stables (
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in the town. During his long reign (died in 1893), the castle only housed the administration of the Duchy. Since Ernst II was without heir, he made his nephew,
463:(literally "peace-rock"), Ernst made a point of drawing a clear line between this new palace and the warlike history of its predecessor. In addition, with the
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None of the original state rooms constructed for Ernst I remain today. The palace sections that have maintained their original use include the chapel and the
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but left the castle itself largely intact. It was rebuilt in 1552-54. However, in 1567 the fortress was almost completely razed as a result of the attempt of
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1178:. This is the oldest part of the gardens still in existence today. By the time it was finished, however, this type of garden had become unfashionable.
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an air raid shelter was constructed in the casemates of the castle. In 1944, part of the park and outbuildings were heavily damaged by Allied bombing.
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680:(GDR), renovation work in the castle began in 1965 and many of the additions of the late 19th and early 20th century were removed from the interior.
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in turn by a fire pond, an air raid shelter and a parking area. South of the castle, a memorial to the dead of World War I was built in 1927 on the
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had the rooms of the Duchess renovated in 1747/51 and some years later, rooms for Friedrich III were added to the east pavilion. Friedrich's son
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state apartments: a flight of five rooms each for Duke and Duchess. These rooms were finished by around 1685. After that a new main hall, the
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itself. Finally, in 1860/61 the main state apartments were fundamentally redecorated to bring them in line with the tastes of the times.
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authorities and twenty years later replaced with a memorial to “the victims of fascism”. This memorial in turn was demolished in 2011.
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Starting in 1797, the former guest quarters in the west wing were redesigned and new ones added. Rooms were planned for heir apparent
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originally selected to contrast with the palaces of Catholic princes, which at the time were still mostly influenced by the elaborate
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did not live in the palace but in the town. His main contribution to the palace was bringing together the gallery of paintings from
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After 1767, Ernst II combined the individual gardens into a single ensemble. The bastions were demolished and new sections added:
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642:, fourth son of Victoria and Albert. Since Charles Edward was only 16 at the time, until his 21st birthday on 19 July 1905 a
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to the east. Due to the existence of the massive fortifications around the castle, these first gardens were fairly small.
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was built in 1681-87 by Caspar Lindemann and Hans Hoffmann. It is one of the oldest still operating theatres in Germany.
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and other castles in the vicinity. This was located on the second floor of the west pavilion. Friedrich also created the
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after 1905. Many of the changes wrought by the final two princes were undone by renovation work after 1965, however.
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1096:(this garden does not exist anymore today). More gardens were created east of the castle and in 1706 the eastern
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The current appearance of the theatre dates mostly to renovation in 1774/75, although the ceiling (looking like
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For the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the latter was only a secondary residence, the focus was squarely on
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replacing the riding hall to the south with the simple wall now closing off the arcades of the south wing.
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599:, successor of Ernst I and older brother of Albert, did not live in the castle when in Gotha, but at the
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696:, in the night from 13 to 14 December 1979, five valuable paintings were stolen from the castle:
607:, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, his heir. Alfred renounced his seat in the
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1020:, called "the father of German acting", came from Weimar to Gotha. Ekhof began working at the
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1351:("Baroque universe Gotha"). Among the noteworthy paintings in the collection is Frans Hals's
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stands today, dominating the town of Gotha and its surroundings, was previously occupied by
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was one of the largest palaces of its time and one of the first Baroque palaces ever built.
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Die FĂĽrstengruft der Schlosskirche von Schloss Friedenstein. Wahrheit, Legende, Mysterium.
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View from the south, with the west and east pavilion and the main wing visible in between
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Schloss Friedenstein in Gotha. Entwürfe für die Residenz Ernsts des Frommen (1601–1675).
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was added north of the castle on the slope towards the town. Around 1700, the western
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were four larger-than-life statues located at the four corners of the palace, showing
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622:. After being cared for in the castle for some days he was sent to a sanatorium near
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reportedly shot himself during his parents' 25th wedding anniversary celebrations at
580:", although he technically held the two separate Duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in
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1295:(natural history) and the "Historical Museum Gotha" in the north and west wing, the
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still ongoing, the name also expressed a desire for peace after decades of warfare.
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The palace complex today houses several museums. It is also notable for hosting the
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895:, Ernst's son. In 1677, the east pavilion was struck by lightning and burned down.
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distinguishing it from the west pavilion which retains its original roof shape.
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492:(1601-1679) was in charge of building the castle. When it was finished in 1656,
350:, closely linked with the royal family of Great Britain through the marriage of
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1204:. It is one of the oldest such parks in continental Europe, built after 1769.
634:, both renounced their right of succession to the Duchy, the title passed to
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on the third floor of the north wing – the nucleus of the Ducal museums.
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The palace interior was completely rearranged as early as the reign of
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358:. The final two ruling Dukes were both princes of the United Kingdom.
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877:, added in 1778/79. At that time the four statues were also removed.
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417:(John Frederick I) was stripped of his title as "Elector of Saxony" (
864:. Other external features were a few reliefs salvaged from the old
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Märchenschloss Friedenstein - Gotha erzählt. Ausstellungskatalog.
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In July 1655, work began on fortifying the castle. By 1672, four
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around the year 1800 without ever having been used in defence.
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Schloss Friedenstein. Architektur, Distribution, Ausstattung.
1603:
Der Friedenstein. Monatsblätter des Deutschen Kulturbundes.
752:. As a revenge he stole the paintings. He died in 2016.
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Berlin 2010 (Berlin, Freie Univ., Magisterarbeit, 2010).
1247:. In 1947, the statue of the soldier was removed by the
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In 2004, the castle and parks came into the care of the
626:, where he died on 6 February 1899. As Alfred's uncle,
449:("Ernest the Pious"), first ruler of the newly created
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had the rooms in the northwest corner redesigned. His
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Forschungszentrum Gotha of Erfurt University (German)
1433:
LaĂź, Heiko; Seidel, Catrin; Krischke, Roland (2011).
548:, became Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, with his main
1016:. In 1774, an actor group led by Conrad (or Konrad)
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Schloss Friedenstein mit Park Gotha (Flyer, German)
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1683:Article about the palace from August 2010 (German)
1622:Ernst der Fromme (1601–1675). Bauherr und Sammler.
1222:Finally, the fortifications were replaced by the
1012:Today, the theatre is named after its best-known
952:, however, did not live in the palace but at the
421:). Imperial forces blew up the fortifications of
1522:"East German Art Heist Mystery Nears Resolution"
1520:von Hammerstein, Konstantin (12 December 2019).
1211:was built, south of the Orangerie and in 1781 a
1555:, Stiftung Thüringer Schlösser und Gärten, 2012
1435:Schloss Friedenstein in Gotha mit Park (German)
1100:was also redesigned. From 1708 to 1711/14 the
51:View from the courtyard towards the north wing
8:
1568:ThĂĽringen - Literarische StreifzĂĽge (German)
1151:Ducal Museum – arthistorical museum of Gotha
944:After the change in dynasties, the new Duke
1645:Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle (Saale) 2012,
1641:Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (Ed.):
1599:Die Architektur des Schlosses Friedenstein.
1437:. Stiftung Thüringer Schlösser und Gärten.
517:, Gotha was by far the more important one.
100:
70:
981:The use of the palace changed again under
568:of the House of Saxe-Coburg and father of
564:, the Duchy was split and Gotha passed to
346:and later as one of the residences of the
29:
1624:Schlossmuseum, Gotha 2001, p. 11–20.
1283:Gothaer Elephant (c. 1720), Schlossmuseum
560:In 1826, after the death of the heirless
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1235:replaced the kitchen garden in 1869-82.
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415:Johann Friedrich I, KurfĂĽrst von Sachsen
318:palace built in the mid-17th century by
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1354:Portrait of a Man in a Wide-Brimmed Hat
757:Stiftung Thüringer Schlösser und Gärten
453:, settled on Gotha as the site for his
237:Stiftung Thüringer Schlösser und Gärten
611:and his annuity, and went to Germany.
1243:. In 1930, this area was part of the
929:Emil August's brother and successor,
7:
1620:In: Juliane Ricarda Brandsch (Ed.):
946:Ernst I von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
796:"Kiss of peace" above the main gate:
726:LandstraĂźe mit Bauernwagen und KĂĽhen
1673:Freundeskreis Friedenstein (German)
1328:currently combines the Baroque and
1167:between 1747 and 1774, designed by
798:Friede ernehret, Unfriede verzehret
1570:. Artemis & Winkler (Patmos).
1189:to the south is based on ideas of
1005:Located in the west pavilion, the
974:) were built, freeing up space in
844:. The only major embellishment at
429:(John Frederick II) to regain the
25:
763:Building history and architecture
513:. Although the Duchy now had two
1340:(numismatic collection) and the
1298:ThĂĽringisches Staatsarchiv Gotha
628:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
226:Herzog Ernst I von Sachsen-Gotha
99:
92:
69:
62:
45:
1634:Jörn Tillmann Rieckhof Nackas:
1193:and was originally designed by
776:View of the main wing with the
409:against the Catholic forces of
342:served as the main seat of the
212:
1698:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1678:Stiftung Friedenstein (German)
638:(Karl Eduard), the son of the
576:. Ernst I now styled himself "
348:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1:
1703:House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1491:Frankurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1124:Orangerie (northern building)
939:Kunst- und Naturalienkabinett
710:Selbstbildnis mit Sonnenblume
702:Brustbild eines jungen Mannes
653:In November 1918, during the
578:Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
401:as members of the Protestant
1463:Schlossmuseum Gotha (German)
1332:state apartments, the Ducal
683:In what became known as the
443:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
320:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
295:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
1718:Royal residences in Germany
1110:that eventually became the
1734:
1508:ThĂĽringische Landeszeitung
1465:. Mitteldeutscher Verlag.
1311:Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
1001:Stage of the Ekhof-Theatre
744:. He was a traindriver in
678:German Democratic Republic
632:Prince Arthur of Connaught
1308:in the west wing and the
1169:Gottfried Heinrich Krohne
56:
44:
37:
1349:Barockes Universum Gotha
1187:English landscape garden
1064:in the west and another
595:was the main residence.
228:(Ernest I of Saxe-Gotha)
27:Palace in Gotha, Germany
1461:Eberle, Martin (2013).
1102:Friedrichsthaler Garten
738:Rudolf (Rudi) Bernhardt
676:During the time of the
250:Design and construction
190:50.945833°N 10.704444°E
1566:KlauĂź, Jochen (2009).
1287:The palace houses the
1284:
1276:
1152:
1144:
1133:
1132:Schloss Friedrichsthal
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1115:Schloss Friedrichsthal
1078:
1062:Hertzogin Lustgärtlein
1002:
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816:
808:
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730:Hans Holbein the Elder
722:Jan Brueghel the Elder
614:In 1899, his only son
570:Albert, Prince Consort
544:. Ernst's oldest son,
309:
298:
1631:Schnabel, Gotha 2003.
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1092:was redesigned in a
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826:(Great Hall, 1683/86)
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83:Show map of Thuringia
1713:Castles in Thuringia
1708:Museums in Thuringia
1597:Erhard Drachenberg:
1291:(state apartments),
1215:building was added (
1163:was turned into the
1112:French Baroque style
748:and a victim of the
556:House of Saxe-Coburg
511:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
311:Schloss Friedenstein
206:Construction started
195:50.945833; 10.704444
39:Schloss Friedenstein
1510:, 14 November 2009.
1487:Bruch mit Weststahl
1245:Deutsche Rosenschau
1224:Herzögliche Anlagen
1104:was created with a
686:Kunstraub von Gotha
538:Saxe-Hildburghausen
496:was the first ever
451:Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
427:Johann Friedrich II
403:Schmalkaldic League
395:Grimmenstein Castle
344:Dukes of Saxe-Gotha
302:Friedenstein Palace
272:Structural engineer
217:1656 (initial work)
186: /
136:Architectural style
123:General information
113:Show map of Germany
107:Friedenstein Palace
77:Friedenstein Palace
33:Friedenstein Palace
18:Friedenstein Castle
1613:, p. 260–270.
1493:, 25 February 2009
1321:in the east wing.
1285:
1277:
1265:Gothaer Liebespaar
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1079:
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965:in the town. With
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790:
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470:Based on plans by
433:by force of arms.
407:Battle of MĂĽhlberg
385:Earlier structures
299:
1651:978-3-89812-940-4
1627:Dieter Schnabel:
1616:Marc RohrmĂĽller:
1577:978-3-538-07280-0
1502:Wolfgang Hirsch:
1472:978-3-95462-016-6
1338:Neue MĂĽnzkabinett
1209:Herzoginnengarten
1155:The axis between
842:Renaissance style
734:Heilige Katharina
655:German Revolution
572:who was to marry
411:Emperor Charles V
288:
287:
16:(Redirected from
1725:
1663:Official Website
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1444:978-3-422-023437
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1319:
1306:
1293:Museum der Natur
1273:
1207:After 1779, the
1203:
1177:
1046:
963:
858:John the Baptist
768:Building history
706:Anthony van Dyck
694:
593:Ehrenburg Palace
491:
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465:Thirty Years War
447:Ernst der Fromme
445:, also known as
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1589:Further reading
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168:Coordinates
1692:Categories
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1361:References
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897:Fire walls
718:Alter Mann
698:Frans Hals
661:After 1918
552:at Gotha.
515:Residenzen
181:10°42′16″E
178:50°56′45″N
1275:, Gallery
1241:Reitplatz
1143:(stables)
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419:KurwĂĽrde
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728:) und
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605:Alfred
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306:German
222:Client
139:Early
131:Palace
1318:]
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1255:Today
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1018:Ekhof
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