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338:. This discovery and other of his work was described in German textbooks, including his own, but was unknown in English, and hence later rediscovered by English statisticians – the chi-squared distribution by
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272:, he entered the Polytechnische Schule, now Technische Universität, in Dresden to study engineering science in 1859. Finding him especially enthusiastic about geodesy, one of his teachers,
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and
Helmert wrote a fine book on least squares (1872, with a second edition in 1907) in this tradition, which became a standard text. In 1876 he discovered the
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534:, p. 633: " is a pedagogical masterpiece; it became a standard text until it was superseded by expositions using matrix algebra."
582:, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
640:
510:
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68:
405:
315:. Part I is devoted to the mathematical aspects of geodesy and contains a comprehensive summary of techniques for solving for
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Ueber die
Wahrscheinlichkeit der Potenzsummen der Beobachtungsfehler und ĂĽber einige damit im Zusam- menhange stehende Fragen
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and director of the
Geodetic Institute. In 1916 he had a stroke and died of its effects the following year in
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and the drafting of the trigonometric network for Saxony. In 1863 Helmert became Nagel's assistant on the
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English translations (by the
Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, St. Louis) of Parts I and II of
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660:"Friedrich Robert Helmert, founder of modern geodesy, on the occasion of the centenary of his death"
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An extract from the paper is translated and annotated in H. A. David & A. W. F. Edwards (eds.)
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288:. After a year's study of mathematics and astronomy Helmert obtained his doctor's degree from the
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Witte, Bertold (2017-10-25). "Friedrich Robert
Helmert in memory of his 100th year of death".
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307:(Part I was published in 1880 and Part II in 1884). This work laid the foundations of modern
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zur
Berechnung des wahrscheinlichen Fehlers director Beobachtungen gleicher Genauigkeit,
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368:
Commemorative headstone in honor of
Friedrich Robert Helmert (Telegraph Hill in Potsdam)
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The first edition of
Helmert's textbook on least squares is available at the GDZ site
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There is an account of
Helmert's work on the theory of errors in section 10.6 of
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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Die mathematischen und physikalischen
Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie
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Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie
305:
Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie
871:
867:
397:
in 1905, and recipient of some 25 German and foreign decorations.
632:
O. B. Sheynin (1995). "Helmert's work in the theory of errors".
546:, pp. 633–692, 27. Sampling Distributions under Normality.
164:
Polytechnische Schule, now Technische Universität, in Dresden,
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806:
Die Ausgleichsrechnung nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate
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377:
Helmert received many honours. He was president of the global
18:
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From 1887 Helmert was professor of advanced geodesy at the
295:
In 1870 Helmert became instructor and in 1872 professor at
872:
Earliest known uses of some of the words of mathematics: H
868:
Earliest known uses of some of the words of mathematics: A
858:
Oscar Sheynin Theory of Probability: A Historical Essay
709:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 153–168.
602:
A history of mathematical statistics from 1750 to 1930
342:(1900), and the application to the sample variance by
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volume 7, pp. 239–241, New York: Scribners 1973.
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Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
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recipient of some 25 German and foreign decorations
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83:
292:in 1867 for a thesis based on his work for Nagel.
334:as the distribution of the sample variance for a
240:(31 July 1843 – 15 June 1917) was a German
933:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
658:Ihde, Johannes; Reinhold, Andreas (2017-08-08).
652:Annotated Readings in the History of Statistics
703:GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics
8:
625:Walther Fischer "Helmert, Friedrich Robert"
928:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
746:Royal Society citation 1908 (very succinct)
91:
80:
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511:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
918:Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
404:was named in his honor, approved by the
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32:This article includes a list of general
524:
863:For eponymous terms in statistics see
634:Archive for History of Exact Sciences,
765:There is a photograph of Helmert at
565:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Mathematik und Physik
276:, hired him while still a student to
7:
938:Foreign members of the Royal Society
829:Friedrich Robert Helmert (1841–1917)
543:
531:
326:had been introduced into geodesy by
248:with important contributions to the
870:for the Abbe–Helmert criterion and
824:(Part I) is available on the site
664:History of Geo- and Space Sciences
627:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
299:, the new Technical University in
268:. After schooling in Freiberg and
98:Professor Friedrich Robert Helmert
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
908:People from the Kingdom of Saxony
395:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
469:
286:Central European Arc Measurement
23:
874:for the Helmert transformation.
639:Die Genauigkeit der Formel von
814:by the Method of Least Squares
393:, was elected a member of the
221:Technical University in Aachen
1:
670:(2). Copernicus GmbH: 79–95.
387:Prussian Academy of Sciences
959:
774:Portraits of Statisticians
654:, New York: Springer 2001.
913:Leipzig University alumni
751:There is an obituary at
715:10.1007/s13137-017-0098-3
428:Geodesics on an ellipsoid
383:Internationale Erdmessung
317:geodesics on an ellipsoid
278:work on the triangulation
231:
195:
90:
848:doi:10.5281/zenodo.32051
843:doi:10.5281/zenodo.32050
332:chi-squared distribution
238:Friedrich Robert Helmert
85:Friedrich Robert Helmert
812:Adjustment Computations
100:. Photographer unknown.
53:more precise citations.
685:10.5194/hgss-8-79-2017
438:Helmert transformation
369:
274:Christian August Nagel
943:Spatial statisticians
444:Helmert–Wolf blocking
367:
303:. At Aachen he wrote
290:University of Leipzig
166:University of Leipzig
898:German statisticians
355:University of Berlin
260:Helmert was born in
225:University of Berlin
676:2017HGSS....8...79I
648:88, (1876), 192–218
604:. New York: Wiley.
570:, 1876, pp. 192–219
423:Gauss–Helmert model
336:normal distribution
820:A partial scan of
780:and three more at
620:General references
433:Helmert's equation
370:
313:history of geodesy
175:contribution into
903:German geodesists
838:are available at
611:978-0-471-17912-2
521:
520:
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418:Coordinate system
400:The lunar crater
385:", member of the
266:Kingdom of Saxony
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197:Scientific career
124:Kingdom of Saxony
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250:theory of errors
181:theory of errors
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49:this article by
40:inline citations
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16:German geodesist
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440:(in geodesy)
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340:Karl Pearson
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246:statistician
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217:Institutions
196:
136:(1917-06-15)
134:15 June 1917
116:31 July 1843
97:
65:
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37:
893:1917 deaths
888:1843 births
636:49, 73–104.
591:Works cited
297:RWTH Aachen
207:Mathematics
153:Nationality
51:introducing
882:Categories
790:See also
760:(1918) 256
493:footnoting
461:References
112:1843-07-31
34:references
731:126314185
723:1869-2672
694:2190-5029
544:Hald 1998
532:Hald 1998
408:in 1973.
344:'Student'
242:geodesist
600:(1998).
489:citation
412:See also
379:geodetic
262:Freiberg
120:Freiberg
785:Helmert
772:on the
770:Helmert
672:Bibcode
580:Helmert
557:Helmert
402:Helmert
373:Honours
359:Potsdam
309:geodesy
280:of the
270:Dresden
211:geodesy
177:geodesy
146:Germany
142:Potsdam
47:improve
756:MNRAS
729:
721:
692:
641:Peters
608:
555:F. R.
391:Berlin
348:Fisher
311:. See
301:Aachen
256:Career
203:Fields
188:Awards
156:German
36:, but
727:S2CID
328:Gauss
776:page
719:ISSN
690:ISSN
606:ISBN
491:and
346:and
244:and
179:and
131:Died
106:Born
711:doi
680:doi
563:",
559:, "
406:IAU
389:in
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