204:. With the renowned Bernhard Stade as his supervisor, Schwally completed his PhD in Old Testament Studies at Giessen by Easter 1888. He published the thesis as a book in the same year. For a short time the previous year in the summer of 1887, he attended classes with Professor Nöldeke and Professor Euting at the Kaiser Wilhelm University in Strassburg, to deepen his knowledge of Philology. This first encounter with Nöldeke would later have great significance for Schwally's career as an Orientalist.
216:. This was not because of the standard of Schwally's work but because that the conclusions and implications of his thesis and its methodology, were unpalatable to his Halle examiners' conservative theology. This controversial work in English is, "Life after death according to the ideas of ancient Israel and Judaism, including Popular Beliefs in the Age of Christ", and was published as a book in 1892.
27:
371:, Schwally's successor at Königsberg, continued and reworked Volume 3. When Bergsträsser died in a mountaineering incident in Bavaria in 1933, Otto Pretzl, who was Bergsträsser's pupil, continued on until final publication in 1938. The sixth reprint of this 837-page tome was published by Olms in 2008. The work is held in University libraries around the world. The
227:. In German Universities, Orientalism had evolved into a separate academic discipline in its own right, and was anchored within a Philosophy Faculty. It was based on a knowledge of languages and culture, and could also embrace historical-critical methodology for the analysis of texts. For Schwally, this was his natural home.
355:. (The 1st Edition was published in German in 1860 based on a previously written prize winning essay by Nöldeke in a French competition.) Because of his advancing age, Nöldeke then asked Schwally to take on this task and gave him full responsibility for the resulting text as being Schwally's own. Volume One,
310:
Walouieff, a niece of the
Russian Prime Minister Peter Alexandrovich Walouieff (Valuev, Walujev, Valujev and various other spellings from the Cyrillic), moved to Strassburg after the death in 1893 of her husband, the landscape artist Victor Kühnen. Irene Kühnen's move to Strassburg with her daughters
298:
Schwally undertook several research trips including to Cairo, Alexandria, Damascus, Palmyra, Jerusalem, Beirut, Istanbul, Paris, London, Leiden. As well, there was extensive travel within
Germany. He was a robust outdoors person with the love of life, enjoying swimming, horse riding, and particularly
211:
But for an important event that followed, Schwally's life may have taken the traditional career path of an Old
Testament scholar in a Theology Faculty. The turning point in his career came when his second doctorate (Dr. habil.) on an Old Testament topic, was not awarded by his conservative examiners
251:
His study trips to Cairo in both the spring of 1903 and 1904, each for three months, gave him deeper grounding for his work on the texts of the Koran and also on his study of issues of contemporary Islam. At the time, Cairo was regarded as the centre of
Islamic erudition. Schwally studied at the
299:
backpacking. Schwally enjoyed his walking holidays throughout the many mountain and forest regions of
Germany. Apart from his love of nature and the outdoors life, Schwally took a linguistic interest in the many dialects and accents of people he encountered on his holiday travels.
522:
Schwally's academic achievements and appointments are comprehensively covered in his
Obituary written by Paul Kahle in: Friedrich Schwally, der Islam: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients, Band X, Heft 3&4 pp:238242, Berlin & Leipzig,
279:
On 5 July 1913, the Kaiser awarded
Schwally the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV. The previous year, in the spring of 1912, Professor Schwally undertook travel throughout Egypt from which he published a paper on aspects of contemporary Egypt,
207:
In 1889 he obtained a teaching credential for
Religion, Hebrew and German. From Easter 1889 to Easter 1890, Schwally taught at the Ludwig-Georgs-Gymnasium in Darmstadt. After further study he was awarded a Lic. Theol. from Giessen University on 23 October 1891.
747:
Otto Weide, Universitätsprofessor Dr. Friedrich
Schwally, Butzbacher Geschichtsverein Heimatsblätter, Nr.2 März 1929 (see pages 1&2, family & personal details, Otto Weide was Schwally's teacher in Butzbach and later a friend whom Schwally
757:
Chronik der
Universitaet Giessen 1607–1907, In Gemeinschaft mit Dr. Georg Lehnert bearbeitet und im Auftrage der Landesuniversität herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Herman Haupt (see page 456 Entry for Schwally, Ordinarius Professor 1 August
252:
Kedhivial Library and the Al-Azhar Mosque. He took private lessons in the methods of Koran translation and immersed himself in the local language and culture by living in Arab households. Schwally would return again to Cairo in 1912.
244:. This was the traditional career progression for an academic in a German University. Schwally remained at Strassburg until 1901 from whence he took up a position at Gießen University at the same level as an Associate Professor (
471:
Letzte Krankheit, Tod und die Bestattung Muhammeds nebst Trauergedichten ueber ihn. Biographen der Kenner des Kannonischen Rechts und des Korans, die zu Lebzeiten des Propheten und in der folgender Generation in Medina gewirkt
284:. About this time Schwally also became a member of a newly formed society for the study of contemporary Islam, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde E.V., founded by Professor Martin Hartmann in Berlin on 9 January 1912.
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Betrachtungen über die Koransammlung des Abu Bekr, 321–325, in Festschrift Eduard Sachau; zum siebzigsten Geburtstage gewidmet von Freunden & Schülern: Weil, Gotthold & Sachau, Eduard: Georg Reimer, Berlin,
532:
Schwally Friedrich. Das Leben Nach Den Tode Nach Den Vorstellungen Des Alten Israel Und Des Judentums Einschliesslich Des Volksglaubens Im Zeitalter Christi : Eine Biblisch-Theologische Untersuchung. 1892.
350:
The three volumes of the 2nd Edition of the History of the Koran followed a lengthy and tortuous publication path. Nöldeke was approached by his publisher in 1898 to do a new enlarged second edition of his
743:
Rudolph Sellheim, Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen von Carl Brockelmann, Oriens, Vol 27, pp: 1–65, Frankfurt, 1981 (see page 27, (a) Schwally's wife, (b) Schwally's trip to the Vogesen
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Das Leben nach dem Tod nach den Vorstellungen des Alten Israel und des Judentums einschließlich des Volksglaubens im Zeitalter Christi: eine biblische Untersuchung, Ricker, Gießen, 1892 (D.Habil thesis
255:
In 1906 he was offered, but declined, a full professorship in a newly created chair in Arabic at the privately operated Islamic Aligarh University in India. That year also saw the publication of
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Paul Kahle, Friedrich Schwally, Der Islam: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients, Band X, Heft 3&4, pp: 238–242, Berlin & Leipzig, 1920 (Schwally's Obituary)
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Der heilige Krieg des Islam in religionsgeschichtlicher und staatsrechtlicher Beleuchtung, Internationale Monatsschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Technik, Bd.10, pp: 688–713, Berlin, 1916
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Chronik der Universitaet Giessen 1607–1907, In Gemeinschaft mit Dr. Georg Lehnert bearbeitet und im Auftrage der Landesuniversitaet herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Hermann Haupt, p. 456
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see Professor Schwally's Travel Funding Applications and Travel Reports to the Government of the Grand Duchy of Hessen in Darmstadt. Documents are held at the Giessen University Archive
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138:. He held the degrees of PhD, Lic. Theol., Dr. Habil., and the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV. He was one of the first significant academics in the field of
291:. In 1915, he contributed to a 70th Birthday tribute book for Professor Eduard Sachau, with whom he had had a long association as a part of the "Berlin School". Schwally died in
823:
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Rudi Paret, The Study of Arabic and Islam at German Universities: German Orientalists since Theodor Nöldeke, Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden, 1968, (see pages 13,22,24)
266:) at Gießen. There was a trip to Istanbul in the summer of 1908 for several months. This was the period of the "Young Turks" uprising; a topic on which Schwally published.
259:, an essay on the lives of modern Egyptians. This was Schwally's contribution as a part of a two volume, 70th birthday tribute book to Professor Noeldeke by 86 scholars.
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Schwally is also widely published in other areas of Old Testament, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Islam together with a seminal paper on the topic of Holy War. His 1901 monograph
751:
Personalbestand der Grossherzoglich Hessischen Ludwigs-Universität zu Giessen, Winter-Semester 1912/1913, Giessen 1912 (Schwally as Head of Philosophy Faculty Giessen)
347:. Many Orientalists, e.g. Paret (1968), consider this as the definitive text in the field. More recently, Hans Kueng(2004,2008) refers to the importance of this work.
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Irene Kühnen (geb. von Walouieff), Kuehnen Family Letters to Franziska Nietzsche, Nietzsche Archiv, Klassik Stiftung, Weimar (Schwally's Engagement to Ebba Kuehnen)
331:, Schwally's successor at Giessen University, kindly wrote a comprehensive five-page obituary which was published in an academic journal for Orientalist scholars,
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Nachrichten über Angelegenheiten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Islamkunde, Die Welt des Islams, Bd.1, H3/4 (31 December 1913) pp I-XXXIV (Schwally's membership)
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Kitab al-mahasin vai-masavi, herausgegeben von Friedrich Schwally mit Unterstützung der königl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ricker, Gießen, 1902
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Unpolitische Briefe aus der Türkei, Gedanken über die Zukunft der Türkei, Frankfurter Zeitung, Nr.133 vom 15. Mai 1910 (in conjunction with Martin Hartmann)
463:
Geschichte des Qorans von Theodor Nöldeke, (Zweite Auflage bearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally), Teil 1: Über den Ursprung des Qorans, Weicher, Leipzig, 1909
359:, was published in 1909. After Schwally's death in February 1919, his brother-in-law Professor Heinrich Zimmern, with editing assistance from Professor
487:
Geschichte des Qorans von Theodor Nöldeke, (Zweite Auflage bearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally), Teil 2: Die Sammlung des Qorans, Weicher, Leipzig, 1919
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His marriage in 1895 to Ebba Kühnen in Strassburg, produced two daughters, Irene in 1898 and Hildegard (Lilli) in 1901. Another Orientalist, Professor
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A copy of the Engagement Notice is held at the Nietzsche Archive,Weimar, amongst letters from his mother-in-law, Irene Kuehnen, to Franziska Nietsche,
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Bernhard Stade, The books of Kings; critical edition of the Hebrew text, Hinrichs, Leipzig, 1904 (Schwally and several others contributed to this)
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On obtaining his Dr Habil in 1893 from Strassburg, Schwally's first teaching position there, from 29 April 1893, was as a sessional lecturer (
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Nachrichten ueber Angelegenheiten der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Islamkunde, Die Welt des Islams,Bd.1, H3/4 (31 December 1913) ppI-XXXIV,
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44:
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At the beginning of 1913, Schwally took over as head of the Philosophy Faculty at Giessen, in addition to his regular academic duties.
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Hanno Mueller & Bodo Heil, Familienbuch Butzbach,Band IV, Familien 1783 bis 1785, Ev. Markus-Kirchengemeinde, Butzbach 2006,p325
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was at the suggestion of her friend Sophie Noeldeke, the wife of Professor Noeldeke. In Straßburg, he met and became friends with
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Hanno Müller & Bodo Heil, Familienbuch Butzbach, Band IV, Familien 1783 bis 1875, Ev. Markus-Kirchengemeinde, Butzbach, 2006,
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on 5 February 1919 at age 55. At the time, his early death was attributed to a recently discovered pre-existing heart condition.
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and others. As well as publishing work on ancient texts, Schwally has published on contemporary Islam. His 1912 publication,
273:, Schwally's contribution of Volume II, Part 2, to a nine volume series on the life of Muhammad by Eduard Sachau and others.
48:
236:
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Otto Weide, Universitaetsprofessor Dr. Friedrich Schwally, Butzbacher Geschichtsverein Heimatsblaetter, Nr.2, Maerz 1929 p1
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Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Städter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Ägypten, Heidelberg, 1912
803:
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Personalbestand der Grossherzoglich Hessischen Ludwigs-Universiteat zu Giessen, Winter-Semester 1912/1913, Giessen 1912
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Al-Azhar University was created in 1961 and is closely associated with the teaching tradition of the Al-Azhar Mosque.
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324:
676:, Die arabischen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts, Harassowitz, Leipzig, 1955 (see p315)
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Schmidt. He was named after his Godfather and cousin, Friedrich Zacharias Friedrich, a merchant in Darmstadt.
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Beitraege zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Staedter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Aegypten
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Beitraege zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Staedter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Aegypten
245:
37:
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Das Buch Ssefanja, eine historische-kritische Untersuchung, ZAW, 10 No.1 (1890):165–240 (Book of Zephaniah)
193:
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Schwally's next major activity was his many contributions to Tabaqat of Ibn Sa'd, published in Berlin.
409:
are examples of this. He also contributed articles on International Affairs to newspapers such as the
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474:, Band II:Teil 2, Brill, Leiden, 1912 (part of a nine volume series 1905–1940, Eduard Sachau et al.)
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Idioticon des Christlich Palästinischen Aramäisch, Ricker, Gießen, 1893 (D.Habil thesis Strassburg)
213:
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166:, to parents Georg Peter Schwally, formerly of Wald-Michelbach, and Johannette Friederike Schwally
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Hermann Degener, Wer ist's, Degener, Berlin, 1914 (Entry for Friedrich Schwally, pages 1554–1555)
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Die Reden des Buches Jeremia gegen die Heiden, Wilhelm Keller, Gießen, 1888 (PhD thesis Giessen)
224:
173:
After his father's death in a railway accident when he was six years old, Schwally attended the
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in 1892 to again become a student of the leading German Orientalist of his time, Professor Dr.
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397:, was the first single comprehensive treatment of the topic, following on from prior work by
306:, married Ebba's sister Hilda Kühnen the following year in 1896. Their mother, Irene Kühnen
303:
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Grossherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt 1913, Beilage 20, S.179 (Order of the Red Eagle)
654:
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Der heilige Krieg des Islams in religionsgeschichtlicher und staatsrechtlicher Beleuchtung
320:
139:
460:, edited by Carl Bezold, LIV and 1187 pages in two volumes, Giessen: A. Toepelmann, 1906
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319:, a future President of Germany. One of Schwally's books was dedicated to his friends,
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Semitische Kriegsaltertümer: Der heilige Krieg im alten Israel, Weicher, Leipzig, 1901
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126:(10 August 1863 – 5 February 1919) was a German Orientalist with professorships at
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Forestell, J. Terence. “Christian Revelation and the Resurrection of the Wicked.”
201:
174:
26:
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Ibraham ibn Muhammed el-Baihaqi Kitab el Mahdsin val Masdwi, Leipzig, 1899–1902
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383:. Before that, a Turkish translation of the 2nd Edition by Muammer Sencer,
158:
Schwally was born on 10 August 1863, in the family home at Guldengasse 16,
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Einige Bermerkungen zum Buche Hiob. ZAW 20 No.1 (1900):44–48 (Book of Job)
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in Leiden, with whom he had collaborated. On Schwally's death, Professor
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published a new Arabic translation of the 2nd Edition in 2004 in Beirut,
197:
159:
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Gießen University: History of the Institute for Orientalistic Studies
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From 1914 to 1919 Schwally was Professor of Semitic Languages at the
617:
See Schwally's travel reports held at the Giessen University Archive
145:
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Grossherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt 1913, Beilage 20, S.179
458:
Theodor Noeldeke zum Siebzigsten Geburtstag (2 Marz 1906) gewidmet
144:
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Die biblischen Schöpfungsberichte, B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1906
181:) in Butzbach. From autumn 1877 he attended the Ludwig-Georgs-
20:
196:
for three and a half years from 1883/84 to 1886, he studied
234:). Later in 1898, he was promoted to Associate Professor (
262:
On 1 August 1908 he was promoted to a full professorship (
343:
Schwally is best known for his 2nd Edition of Nöldeke's
387:, was published by Ilke Yayinlari in Istanbul in 1970.
219:
Schwally's love of Semitic languages led him to the
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
189:where he completed his schooling in autumn 1883.
829:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
819:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
8:
824:Academic staff of the University of Giessen
363:, took Schwally's manuscripts of Volume 2,
635:Schwally family and Kuehnen family sources
709:Islam: Geschichte,Gegenwart & Zukunft
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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645:Notification about the 6th reprint of
679:Ignaz Goldziher: Tagebuch, edited by
550:, vol. 19, no. 2, 1957, p. 168 fn 9.
269:The year 1912 saw the publication of
7:
834:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse
367:, to the publisher in Leipzig. Dr.
49:adding citations to reliable sources
177:and Höhere Bürgerschule (literally
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716:Islam: Past, Present & Future
693:"Schwally's Edition des Baihaki "
395:Der heilige Krieg im alten Israel
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844:German male non-fiction writers
548:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
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435:Kultur des alten Orients, 1896
16:German orientalist (1863–1919)
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405:and the 1916 journal article
271:Letzte Krankheit, und Tod....
809:University of Giessen alumni
737:, (See page 325, entry 7727)
357:Über den Ursprung des Korans
124:Friedrich Zacharias Schwally
237:Außerordentlicher Professor
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814:University of Halle alumni
373:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
325:Christian Snouck Hurgronje
849:Quranic studies scholars
537:Retrieved 13 March 2023.
289:University of Königsberg
248:) in Semitic Languages.
221:University of Strasbourg
778:German National Library
711:, Muenchen, Piper, 2004
554:Retrieved 13 Mar. 2023.
469:Biographien Muhammeds,
365:Die Sammlung des Korans
246:Extraordinary professor
179:Higher Citizen's School
683:, Leiden: Brill, 1978
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653:14 July 2011 at the
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674:Johann Fück
202:Orientalism
175:Volksschule
788:Categories
665:References
399:Wellhausen
329:Paul Kahle
293:Königsberg
257:Aegyptiaca
136:Königsberg
128:Strasbourg
71:newspapers
780:catalogue
335:in 1920.
333:Der Islam
187:Darmstadt
183:Gymnasium
748:visited)
651:Archived
198:Theology
160:Butzbach
154:His life
776:in the
212:at the
85:scholar
733:
722:
687:
429:Halle)
132:Gießen
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
758:1908)
492:Notes
472:haben
240:) in
92:JSTOR
78:books
731:ISBN
720:ISBN
685:ISBN
523:1920
481:1915
315:and
200:and
134:and
64:news
308:nee
185:in
168:nee
47:by
790::
413:.
162:,
130:,
744:)
142:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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