20:
237:
505:
The German original: »Wenn Blut, Rasse, Volkstum und Ehre den Rang von
Ewigkeitswerten erhalten, so wird der evangelische Christ durch das erste Gebot gezwungen, diese Bewertung abzulehnen. Wenn der arische Mensch verherrlicht wird, so bezeugt Gottes Wort die Sündhaftigkeit aller Menschen. Wenn dem
136:
man, who appeared illegally in court in full uniform, to a small fine for improper behavior. A short time later, a group of SA men assaulted Weißler in his office, beating and kicking him. Presenting him to an aroused mob on the balcony of the district court, they forced Weißler to salute a swastika
253:
arrested Weißler and two “Aryan” assistants who also worked for the
Confessing Church — erroneously accusing them of passing the memorandum into the hands of foreign media. Whereas the Aryans were ultimately released, the church did not intervene on Weißler's behalf. Had he been taken to court, he
228:
human is glorified, so it is God's word, which testifies the sinfulness of all human beings. If — in the scope of the
National Socialist world view — anti-Semitism, requiring hatred of the Jews, is imposed on the individual Christian, so for him the Christian virtue of charity stands against
527:
Klaus
Drobisch, "Humanitäre Hilfe – gewichtiger Teil des Widerstandes von Christen (anläßlich des 100. Geburtstages von Propst Heinrich Grüber)", in: Heinrich Grüber und die Folgen: Beiträge des Symposiums am 25. Juni 1991 in der Jesus-Kirche zu Berlin-Kaulsdorf, Eva Voßberg (ed.), Berlin:
278:
279:"Memorial Speech: Friedrich Weissler (1891-1937) and the Confessing Church. Remembrance and Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of the Death of Friedrich Weissler. Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum, February 19, 2012 – Contemporary Church History Quarterly"
506:
Christen im Rahmen der nationalsozialistischen
Weltanschauung ein Antisemitismus aufgedrängt wird, der zum Judenhaß verpflichtet, so steht für ihn dagegen das christliche Gebot der Nächstenliebe.« Cf. Martin Greschat (ed. and commentator),
654:
137:
flag. SA men then dragged him through the city streets and detained him for a short time in an SA camp. In August 1933 Weißler was dismissed as a judge, due to his Jewish origins and resistance to Nazis.
644:
649:
664:
319:
Sondershäuser
Verband Deutscher Sänger-Verbindungen: A.H.-Anschriften-Buch. Mitglieder-Verzeichnisse sämtlicher A.H.-Verbände (Stand vom 15. April 1929). München 1929, S. 176.
411:, Olaf Kühl-Freudenstein, Peter Noss, and Claus Wagener (eds.), Berlin: Institut Kirche und Judentum, 1999, (Studien zu Kirche und Judentum; vol. 18), pp. 149-171, here p. 159.
390:, Olaf Kühl-Freudenstein, Peter Noss, and Claus Wagener (eds.), Berlin: Institut Kirche und Judentum, 1999, (Studien zu Kirche und Judentum; vol. 18), pp. 114-147, here p. 131.
117:
Weißler resumed his legal clerkship in Halle in 1920. After completing it, he received a position in the
Prussian judiciary. He then served at various courts, including the
669:
172:
Weißler had already worked as legal advisor to the first
Preliminary Church Executive, a body organised by the Confessing Church as an alternative to the Nazi-submissive
212:
on 4 June 1936 — but there was no reaction from the government. A draft was then leaked to and published in the foreign press in July 1936, during the build-up to the
619:
614:
629:
639:
154:
74:
254:
could easily have exposed the false evidence implicating him in a crime against the Nazi regime. But instead, Weißler was summarily deported to
674:
161:
and his minions with a wave of litigation in the ordinary courts, contesting Müller's arbitrary measures that violated the church constitution
453:
562:
624:
480:
515:
440:
416:
395:
255:
39:
659:
634:
220:
If blood, race, nationhood and honour are given the rank of eternal values, so the
Evangelical Christian is compelled by the
548:
158:
258:. There, he was tortured to death from 13 to 19 February 1937. Weißler was the first “full-blooded Jew” murdered in the
176:. He was also appointed legal advisor to the second Preliminary Church Executive, and later became its office manager.
537:
Friedlander, Saul (1998). Nazi
Germany and the Jews,1933-1945: Abridged Edition, New York: Harper Perennial, pp. 61-86
77:. Like his father and brothers, he became a member of the Ascania Halle singers’ association. He transferred to the
435:, Ursula Büttner and Martin Greschat (eds.), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998, pp. 86-122, here p. 115.
173:
201:
582:
528:
Bezirkschronik Berlin-Hellersdorf, 1992, (Hellersdorfer Heimathefte; No. 1), pp. 26-29, here p. 28. No ISBN.
157:. Starting November 1934 as legal advisor for the opposition, he helped Inundate old-Prussian state bishop
456:. Internationale Bonhoeffer-Gesellschaft (ibg), Deutschsprachige Sektion, e.V., Wolfhagen. Archived from
431:
Martin Greschat, "Friedrich Weißler: Ein Jurist der Bekennenden Kirche im Widerstand gegen Hitler", In:
236:
609:
604:
370:
233:
The memorandum concluded that the Nazi regime would definitely lead the German people into disaster.
213:
457:
121:
superior court and the Halle labor court. In October 1932, he was appointed presiding judge of the
330:
Die Behandlung entfernter Möglichkeiten im Privatrecht – Ein Beitrag zur Lehre vom Vertrauensschutz
73:, where Friedrich attended school. After graduating from high school, he began studying law at the
508:
Zwischen Widerspruch und Widerstand: Texte zur Denkschrift der Bekennenden Kirche an Hitler (1936)
350:
19:
354:
209:
169:. Since Müller usually acted without legal basis, the courts often upheld the litigants’ claims.
82:
78:
433:
Die verlassenen Kinder der Kirche: Der Umgang mit Christen jüdischer Herkunft im »Dritten Reich«
558:
511:
436:
412:
391:
150:
510:, Munich: Kaiser, 1987, (Studienbücher zur kirchlichen Zeitgeschichte; vol. 6), pp. 113seq.
221:
407:
Barbara Krüger and Peter Noss, "Die Strukturen in der Evangelischen Kirche 1933-1945", in:
293:
Adolf Weißler. Rechtsanwalt – Notar – Justizrat. 1855–1919: Eine biografische Dokumentation
578:
205:
308:
304:
59:
554:
164:
133:
132:
took power. In February 1933, in a criminal case he was judging, Weißler sentenced an
598:
197:
98:
86:
70:
66:, his father had him, like his brothers, baptized in infancy by a Protestant pastor.
43:
35:
259:
193:
129:
106:
102:
188:
1936 (31 May), the second Preliminary Church Executive prepared a “memorandum”
146:
31:
375:
Juristen jüdischer Abstammung im „Dritten Reich“. Entrechtung und Verfolgung
185:
122:
94:
90:
109:. Reaching the rank of lieutenant, he served on the war front until 1918.
58:
Friedrich Weißler was the youngest of three sons of the lawyer and notary
118:
42:) was a German lawyer and judge. Born into a Jewish family and baptized
250:
63:
81:, joining a music association there as well. In 1913, he served as a
47:
427:
425:
235:
225:
128:
A few months after Weißler began presiding as judge in Magdeburg,
18:
359:
Juristenkarrieren in der preußischen Provinz Sachsen (1919–1945).
196:, also to be read from the pulpits on 23 August 1936, condemning
386:
Ralf Lange and Peter Noss, "Bekennende Kirche in Berlin", in:
50:
regime after Nazi bullies had destroyed his judicial career.
481:"On the Confessing Church's June 1936 Memorandum to Hitler"
655:
Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps
377:. C.H. Beck, München 1990, ISBN 3-406-33902-6, S. 263f.
347:
Friedrich Weissler (1891–1937). Ein Juristenschicksal.
645:
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
409:
Kirchenkampf in Berlin 1932-1945: 42 Stadtgeschichten
388:
Kirchenkampf in Berlin 1932-1945: 42 Stadtgeschichten
650:
People who died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp
145:Weißler moved to Berlin and began working with the
665:German people executed in Nazi concentration camps
46:, he joined the Christian resistance against the
208:. The memorandum was delivered to Hitler at the
62:and his wife Auguste (née Hayn). Departing from
305:Auguste Weißler geb. Hayn (Stolperstein Berlin)
345:Oase Verlag, Badenweiler 2011; Dieter Miosge:
343:Die Weißlers. Ein deutsches Familienschicksal.
361:Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2004, S. 43–51.
8:
589:, to have been murdered in the Kirchenkampf.
587:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
547:Bethge, Renate; Gremmels, Christian (2006).
155:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
585:is referred to as the first cleric of the
670:Executed people from Silesian Voivodeship
577:The first lethal victim was the Catholic
105:, Weißler enlisted as a volunteer in the
75:Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
97:. In 1914, he received his doctorate in
550:Dietrich Bonhoeffer: A Life in Pictures
309:Friedrich Weißler (Stolperstein Berlin)
270:
245:Arrest and deportation to Sachsenhausen
620:Converts to Protestantism from Judaism
615:German Jews who died in the Holocaust
485:Contemporary Church History Quarterly
7:
630:Protestants in the German Resistance
295:. Deutscher Notarverlag, Bonn 2017 .
141:Joins Protestant opposition to Nazis
640:People from the Province of Silesia
224:, to oppose that judgement. If the
113:Judicial career destroyed by Nazis
14:
479:Matthew D. Hockenos (June 2016).
256:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
40:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
1:
675:Jews in the German resistance
487:. Ambrose University, Calgary
69:In 1893, the family moved to
581:, murdered on 30 June 1934.
625:20th-century German lawyers
38:; died 19 February 1937 at
691:
332:. Halle an der Saale 1914.
240:A memorial plate in Berlin
101:. At the beginning of the
174:German Evangelical Church
28:(Georg) Friedrich Weißler
262:on the Protestant side.
202:Nazi concentration camps
583:Paul Schneider (pastor)
249:On 7 October 1936, the
30:(born 28 April 1891 in
16:German lawyer and judge
660:German torture victims
241:
231:
24:
239:
218:
89:. He then joined the
22:
180:Memorandum to Hitler
93:district court as a
635:People from Chorzów
460:on 3 September 2018
341:Johannes Weissler:
291:Wolf-Georg Harms:
242:
134:SA (storm trooper)
83:one-year volunteer
79:University of Bonn
25:
564:978-0-8006-3811-5
222:First Commandment
151:Confessing Church
23:Friedrich Weißler
682:
590:
575:
569:
568:
544:
538:
535:
529:
525:
519:
503:
497:
496:
494:
492:
476:
470:
469:
467:
465:
450:
444:
429:
420:
405:
399:
384:
378:
368:
362:
339:
333:
326:
320:
317:
311:
302:
296:
289:
283:
282:
275:
125:regional court.
690:
689:
685:
684:
683:
681:
680:
679:
595:
594:
593:
579:Erich Klausener
576:
572:
565:
557:. p. 101.
546:
545:
541:
536:
532:
526:
522:
504:
500:
490:
488:
478:
477:
473:
463:
461:
452:
451:
447:
430:
423:
406:
402:
385:
381:
371:Horst Göppinger
369:
365:
340:
336:
327:
323:
318:
314:
303:
299:
290:
286:
277:
276:
272:
268:
247:
206:state terrorism
182:
143:
115:
103:first World War
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
688:
686:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
597:
596:
592:
591:
570:
563:
555:Fortress Press
539:
530:
520:
498:
471:
445:
421:
400:
379:
363:
334:
328:Dissertation:
321:
312:
297:
284:
269:
267:
264:
246:
243:
181:
178:
165:Kirchenordnung
142:
139:
114:
111:
55:
52:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
687:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
588:
584:
580:
574:
571:
566:
560:
556:
552:
551:
543:
540:
534:
531:
524:
521:
517:
516:3-459-01708-2
513:
509:
502:
499:
486:
482:
475:
472:
459:
455:
454:"Werner Koch"
449:
446:
442:
441:3-525-01620-4
438:
434:
428:
426:
422:
418:
417:3-923095-61-9
414:
410:
404:
401:
397:
396:3-923095-61-9
393:
389:
383:
380:
376:
372:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
335:
331:
325:
322:
316:
313:
310:
306:
301:
298:
294:
288:
285:
280:
274:
271:
265:
263:
261:
257:
252:
244:
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
217:
215:
214:Olympic Games
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:anti-Semitism
195:
191:
190:(Denkschrift)
187:
179:
177:
175:
170:
168:
166:
160:
159:Ludwig Müller
156:
153:) within the
152:
148:
140:
138:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:Prussian Army
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
60:Adolf Weißler
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:Upper Silesia
33:
29:
21:
586:
573:
549:
542:
533:
523:
507:
501:
489:. Retrieved
484:
474:
462:. Retrieved
458:the original
448:
432:
408:
403:
387:
382:
374:
366:
358:
351:Armin Höland
346:
342:
337:
329:
324:
315:
300:
292:
287:
273:
260:Kirchenkampf
248:
232:
219:
194:Adolf Hitler
189:
183:
171:
162:
149:opposition (
144:
127:
116:
68:
57:
27:
26:
610:1937 deaths
605:1891 births
491:2 September
464:3 September
355:Heiner Lück
210:Chancellery
107:German army
32:Königshütte
599:Categories
147:Protestant
54:Early life
44:Protestant
357:(Hrsg.):
186:Pentecost
123:Magdeburg
95:law clerk
91:Eilenburg
119:Naumburg
251:Gestapo
85:in the
64:Judaism
561:
514:
439:
415:
394:
130:Hitler
266:Notes
229:that.
226:Aryan
99:Halle
71:Halle
559:ISBN
512:ISBN
493:2018
466:2018
437:ISBN
413:ISBN
392:ISBN
349:In:
216:.
204:and
48:Nazi
192:to
184:On
601::
553:.
483:.
424:^
373::
307:,
200:,
34:,
567:.
518:.
495:.
468:.
443:.
419:.
398:.
353:/
281:.
167:)
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
