760:
725:
1077:
1007:
901:
295:
548:
478:
444:
272:
237:
202:
1637:
713:
1229:
1042:
795:
307:
1919:
1569:
1323:
830:
959:
924:
889:
260:
1788:
1265:
1112:
1966:
1546:
866:
818:
583:
536:
501:
364:
331:
225:
157:. More than a hundred "Treaties of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation" have been signed since independence. Since 1946, these treaties have dealt with commercial matters concerned with the protection of persons, natural and juridical, and of the property and interests of such persons. They define the treatment each country owes the nationals of the other; their rights to engage in business and other activities within the boundaries of the former; and the respect due them, their property and their enterprises.
1194:
1499:
1604:
678:
1030:
995:
1706:
783:
432:
1616:
1441:
1302:
618:
513:
409:
376:
343:
1217:
1682:
1877:
1358:
1335:
1290:
1809:
1776:
1464:
467:
1741:
1253:
397:
1670:
1534:
854:
1854:
1649:
1065:
643:
1182:
1170:
936:
748:
102:. These treaties, often written primarily in the language of the coloniser, manipulated the terminology of friendship by the larger powers in order to create an environment of trust, primarily for the benefit of themselves. While promising protection in return for these benefits, the treaties are more subtle ways of accessing resources for commercial exploitation of smaller nations.
1753:
1370:
1147:
690:
655:
606:
1405:
971:
1931:
1889:
1842:
1821:
1393:
571:
94:, which was a state of diplomatic relations which could coexist with an alliance, or exist without it. The Romans employed a practice of establishing peace and friendship with polities on its peripheries, though in practice these relationships were usually built on unequal treaties, requiring the neighbour to support Rome militarily, though not necessarily the reverse.
1954:
1718:
1581:
1511:
1476:
1429:
1135:
1100:
1052:
42:
establishing close ties between countries. Friendship treaties have been used for agreements about use and development of resources, territorial integrity, access to harbours, trading lanes and fisheries, and promises of cooperation. Whilst not common, there are some treaties agreeing to some forms
109:
in international relations has been under closer analysis. Whilst friendship terminology had always been used in discourse and diplomacy, the analysis of friendship in international relations had been dismissed as merely being synonymous with good relations. In 2007, Felix
Berenskoetter called for
805:
419:
138:: Договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимопомощи) was a standard Russian language reference to various treaties both internally, between the Soviet Republics, and externally, with countries considered friendly. This terminology is still in use for some
2236:
1728:
700:
488:
97:
In most cases, the friendship treaties are not based on equal partnership. This is particularly the case in treaties between aboriginal nations and the colonizers, both in
America and in the Pacific, throughout the
911:
1763:
454:
1556:
1345:
247:
1486:
1591:
82:
were types of alliances, with the former committing States to support each other in battle and the latter requiring parties to assist each other if one suffered an invasion.
2188:
1451:
1157:
1017:
1904:
765:
730:
593:
282:
1521:
2310:
735:
1199:
1864:
946:
558:
1941:
2091:
665:
170:
386:
Crawfurd Treaty (Treaty of
Friendship and Alliance between the Honourable East India Company, and the Sultan and the Temenggong of Johore)
86:, then, made the important distinction of denoting friendship between polities but did not give the treaty partners the status of allies.
2286:
471:
1609:
1122:
1035:
1000:
2404:"The Treaty on Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation between Italy and Libya: New Prospects for Cooperation in the Mediterranean?"
212:
1642:
2269:
2237:"Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the Honourable East India Company, and the Sultan and the Temenggong of Johore (1824)"
523:
2108:"Friendship and Positive Peace: Conceptualising Friendship in Politics and International Relations (in Politics and Governance)"
1380:
840:
166:
174:
2355:"Russia-Kazakhstan | Russia-Kazakhstan relations | The Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Kazakhstan"
1899:
1087:
320:(Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary)
2170:
142:. The terminology was used in many so-called "friendship treaties" the Soviet Union made, but also was used in the
1976:
2131:
Berenskoetter, Felix (2007-09-01). "Friends, There Are No
Friends? An Intimate Reframing of the International".
207:
2354:
2212:
1053:
Treaty of
Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China
770:
111:
51:. Additionally, friendship treaties have also signalled an independent relationship with emerging states.
2378:
806:
Treaty of
Friendship, Commerce and Consular Relations between Germany and the United States of America
1276:
1270:
99:
48:
1415:
2379:"Relations of Tajikistan with Russia | Ministry of foreign affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan"
1204:
139:
2430:
2318:
2148:
2087:
2013:
1711:
317:
230:
44:
2140:
2079:
2056:
2018:
1692:
835:
823:
437:
135:
1695:
aka Treaty of
Friendship Between the United States of America and the Republic of Kiribati
871:
788:
588:
506:
169:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
623:
518:
414:
381:
348:
300:
59:
1995:
The preamble of the treaty stating that it is a "Treaty of
Friendship and Brotherhood"
420:
Treaty of
Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Between Argentina and the United Kingdom
2424:
2107:
2044:
1687:
1234:
1047:
800:
553:
483:
449:
312:
277:
242:
150:
2271:
Treaty of
Friendship between the Federation of Malaya and the Republic of Indonesia
1621:
1446:
1410:
1307:
1082:
1012:
981:
929:
906:
894:
876:
123:
87:
2403:
2254:
2144:
62:
distinguished between three different types of friendships between two polities:
17:
1882:
1729:
Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Equatorial Guinea of 1980
1363:
1340:
1295:
1222:
143:
114:
and since then a modest body of literature around the concept has been formed.
1814:
1781:
1469:
718:
701:
Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet
106:
2322:
2256:
O centenário do Tratado de Amizade, Comércio e Navegação entre Brasil e Japão
2152:
2083:
1312:
The DPRK-Soviet Union Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
1831:
Russia-Tajikistan Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
1746:
1504:
1258:
402:
1798:
Kazakh-Russian Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
1675:
1539:
859:
683:
489:
Brunei–United States Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
2287:"1961 Treaty of Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Between..."
2060:
1859:
1654:
1070:
964:
648:
265:
47:
which have use friendship terminology in their titles, as well as some
594:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Brazil and Japan
2008:
1936:
1894:
1847:
1826:
1793:
1398:
1187:
1175:
1117:
941:
753:
576:
39:
1971:
1959:
1924:
1764:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
1758:
1723:
1586:
1574:
1551:
1516:
1481:
1434:
1375:
1328:
1152:
1140:
1105:
695:
660:
629:
611:
541:
455:
Hawaii-United States Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
369:
336:
2285:
Studies), Marie DuMond (Center for Strategic and International.
2074:
Devere, Heather (2014). "Friendship in International Treaties".
1239:
976:
1557:
Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Portugal
912:
German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation
1346:
Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty
2413:. Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, 125-133.
2043:
Devere, Heather; Mark, Simon; Verbitsky, Jane (2011-12-01).
128:
Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance
877:
Portuguese–Spanish Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression
2171:"Modern treaties of friendship, commerce and navigation"
1487:
Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace
132:
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
2045:"The Language of Friendship in International Treaties"
1592:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China
843:(Italo–Ethiopian Treaty of Friendship and Arbitration)
2213:"1824 Treaty of Friendship and Alliance | Infopedia"
248:
Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–France)
1452:Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
2311:"20-Year Treaty Moves Afghans Closer to Soviet"
1123:1949 Indo-Bhutan Treaty of Peace and Friendship
1158:1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship
1018:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
155:Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
8:
2133:Millennium: Journal of International Studies
766:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
731:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
2343:Five Principles of Chinese Foreign Policies
1659:Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation
353:Singapore Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
1522:Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
110:the inclusion of friendship analysis into
153:, these types of treaties are commonly a
2164:
2162:
2038:
2036:
2034:
179:
2030:
1988:
2076:Friendship and International Relations
1942:2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
283:Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship
666:Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1904)
7:
984:aka Protocol of Friendship and Peace
2189:"Treaty of Friendship and Alliance"
1865:Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty
1626:Soviet-Afghan Treaty of Friendship
947:German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship
38:, is a common generic name for any
1242:(Dutch-American Friendship Treaty)
736:Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship
559:United States–Korea Treaty of 1882
25:
1900:North Korea-Russia Treaty of 2000
1275:Treaty of Friendship between the
213:Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
2309:Whitney, Craig R. (1978-12-06).
1964:
1952:
1929:
1917:
1887:
1875:
1852:
1840:
1819:
1807:
1786:
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1751:
1739:
1716:
1704:
1680:
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1635:
1614:
1602:
1579:
1567:
1544:
1532:
1509:
1497:
1474:
1462:
1439:
1427:
1403:
1391:
1368:
1356:
1333:
1321:
1300:
1288:
1263:
1251:
1227:
1215:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1145:
1133:
1110:
1098:
1075:
1063:
1040:
1028:
1005:
993:
969:
957:
934:
922:
899:
887:
864:
852:
828:
816:
793:
781:
758:
746:
723:
711:
688:
676:
653:
641:
616:
604:
581:
569:
546:
534:
524:Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty
511:
499:
476:
465:
442:
430:
407:
395:
374:
362:
341:
329:
305:
293:
270:
258:
235:
223:
200:
841:Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1928
1:
1279:and the Republic of Indonesia
628:Treaty of Friendship between
2145:10.1177/03058298070350031501
181:List of Friendship Treaties
27:Type of international treaty
1088:Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
161:List of friendship treaties
2447:
164:
2084:10.1057/9781137396341_10
1418:aka Treaty of Friendship
1977:2008 Treaty of Benghazi
771:Treaty of Moscow (1921)
632:and the United Kingdom.
112:international relations
105:Since the early 2000s,
2049:International Politics
2290:www.documentcloud.org
2217:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
2402:Ronzitti, Natalino.
2175:Minnesota Law Review
2078:. pp. 182–198.
1381:Treaty of Friendship
1277:Federation of Malaya
171:adding missing items
49:non-aggression pacts
32:treaty of friendship
182:
90:had a similar word
2315:The New York Times
2061:10.1057/ip.2010.34
1698:20 September 1979
1205:Balkan Pact (1953)
1150:
180:
140:post-Soviet states
34:, also known as a
2259:November 18, 2011
2253:Ninomiya, Masato
2093:978-1-349-48459-1
2014:Commercial treaty
1985:
1984:
1768:29 November 1984
1712:Equatorial Guinea
1629:12 December 1978
1209:28 February 1953
740:26 February 1921
318:Treaty of Tripoli
45:military alliance
36:friendship treaty
18:Friendship treaty
16:(Redirected from
2438:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
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2359:www.rfembassy.kz
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2226:
2224:
2223:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2193:www.roots.gov.sg
2185:
2179:
2178:
2169:Walker, Herman.
2166:
2157:
2156:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2040:
2019:List of treaties
1996:
1993:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1911:9 February 2000
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1844:
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1825:
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1792:
1790:
1789:
1780:
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1777:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1733:23 October 1980
1722:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1693:Treaty of Tarawa
1686:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1561:2 November 1977
1550:
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1538:
1536:
1535:
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1500:
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1478:
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1468:
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1443:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1421:22 January 1963
1409:
1407:
1406:
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1394:
1374:
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1371:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1339:
1337:
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1306:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1292:
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1269:
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1255:
1254:
1233:
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1221:
1219:
1218:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1057:4 November 1946
1046:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1009:
1008:
999:
997:
996:
987:29 January 1942
975:
973:
972:
963:
961:
960:
940:
938:
937:
928:
926:
925:
905:
903:
902:
893:
891:
890:
870:
868:
867:
858:
856:
855:
836:Ethiopian Empire
834:
832:
831:
824:Kingdom of Italy
822:
820:
819:
810:8 December 1923
799:
797:
796:
787:
785:
784:
764:
762:
761:
752:
750:
749:
729:
727:
726:
717:
715:
714:
705:11 January 1913
694:
692:
691:
682:
680:
679:
670:20 October 1904
659:
657:
656:
647:
645:
644:
622:
620:
619:
610:
608:
607:
587:
585:
584:
575:
573:
572:
552:
550:
549:
540:
538:
537:
528:14 October 1854
517:
515:
514:
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503:
502:
482:
480:
479:
470:
469:
468:
448:
446:
445:
436:
434:
433:
413:
411:
410:
401:
399:
398:
380:
378:
377:
368:
366:
365:
356:6 February 1819
347:
345:
344:
335:
333:
332:
323:4 November 1796
311:
309:
308:
299:
297:
296:
276:
274:
273:
264:
262:
261:
252:6 February 1778
241:
239:
238:
229:
227:
226:
206:
204:
203:
183:
175:reliable sources
21:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1981:30 August 2008
1965:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1902:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1839:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1596:12 August 1978
1580:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1022:14 August 1945
1006:
1004:
1003:
994:
992:
970:
968:
967:
958:
956:
935:
933:
932:
923:
921:
916:23 August 1939
900:
898:
897:
888:
886:
865:
863:
862:
853:
851:
829:
827:
826:
817:
815:
794:
792:
791:
782:
780:
759:
757:
756:
747:
745:
724:
722:
721:
712:
710:
689:
687:
686:
677:
675:
654:
652:
651:
642:
640:
617:
615:
614:
605:
603:
582:
580:
579:
570:
568:
547:
545:
544:
535:
533:
512:
510:
509:
500:
498:
477:
475:
474:
466:
464:
443:
441:
440:
431:
429:
408:
406:
405:
396:
394:
375:
373:
372:
363:
361:
342:
340:
339:
330:
328:
306:
304:
303:
294:
292:
271:
269:
268:
259:
257:
236:
234:
233:
224:
222:
201:
199:
198:
197:Mosquito Nation
178:
163:
120:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2394:
2370:
2346:
2334:
2301:
2277:
2261:
2246:
2228:
2204:
2180:
2158:
2139:(3): 647–676.
2123:
2099:
2092:
2066:
2029:
2028:
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2112:ResearchGate
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1869:31 May 1997
1834:25 May 1993
1801:25 May 1992
1622:Soviet Union
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1411:West Germany
1315:6 July 1961
1308:Soviet Union
1083:Soviet Union
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1223:Netherlands
186:Signatories
144:Warsaw Pact
118:Terminology
2388:2020-02-22
2364:2020-02-22
2328:2022-03-30
2295:2020-02-22
2222:2021-03-14
2198:2021-03-14
2117:2020-03-09
2025:References
1815:Tajikistan
1782:Kazakhstan
1470:Bangladesh
1200:Yugoslavia
165:This is a
107:friendship
2323:0362-4331
2241:Jus Mundi
2153:0305-8298
1747:Argentina
1505:Australia
1259:Indonesia
403:Argentina
80:epimachia
76:symmachia
72:epimachia
68:symmachia
2431:Treaties
2425:Category
2003:See also
1676:Kiribati
1643:Cambodia
1540:Portugal
860:Portugal
684:Mongolia
92:amicitia
1860:Ukraine
1655:Vietnam
1071:Finland
965:Ecuador
789:Germany
649:Bolivia
266:Morocco
149:In the
136:Russian
122:In the
84:Philiai
74:. Both
64:Philiai
55:History
2383:mfa.tj
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2009:Treaty
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1960:Italy
1925:China
1907:]
1759:Chile
1724:Spain
1662:1979
1587:Japan
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1552:Spain
1517:Japan
1482:India
1435:India
1376:Samoa
1329:China
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1141:India
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1036:China
1001:China
872:Spain
696:Tibet
661:Chile
635:1900
630:Tonga
612:Tonga
598:1895
589:Japan
563:1882
542:Korea
507:Japan
459:1849
424:1825
370:Johor
337:Johor
173:with
2319:ISSN
2149:ISSN
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1240:DAFT
977:Peru
78:and
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130:or
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