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Their mission was complicated by the fact that the economies of nearly all the FLS countries were dependent on South Africa, and many of their citizens worked there. Nevertheless, the FLS supported and sheltered exiled political movements opposed to apartheid and white minority rule, not only from
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South Africa, but also from
Namibia (and Rhodesia prior to 1980). These states provided asylum for exiled South African political activists and allowed the African National Congress (ANC) and the
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In April 1975, the
Frontline States – then consisting of Botswana, Lesotho, Tanzania and Zambia – were formally recognised as an entity as a committee of the Assembly of the Heads of State of the
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whilst its headquarters was officially in Lusaka. Thousands of South
African youth traveled to these states to receive training in sabotage and guerrilla warfare.
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139:(PAC) to set up headquarters within their borders. The ANC was declared as the official representative of the South African People by the United Nations and the
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396:"SUMMARY DEPARTMENT OF STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND RELATED PROGRAMS FISCAL YEAR 2015 APPROPRIATIONS BILL | U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont"
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369:""Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs Hearing" (8 July 2014) Congressional Documents and Publications"
165:, the Frontline States were engaged diplomatically to reach landmark peace accords between South Africa, Mozambique, Angola (
117:. They were joined by Angola (1975), Mozambique (1975) and Zimbabwe (1980) when those countries gained their independence.
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50:) were a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending
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The term "frontline states" is also used for countries bordering any area of crisis in the world.
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131:. The countries' governments met regularly to coordinate security and economic policies.
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385:"World Day to Combat Desertification" (18 June 2014) AllAfrica.com, Washington
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American relations with the
Frontline States reached their peak during the
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was the chairman until he retired in 1985. His successor was
222:. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, Publishers. p.
349:"Washington's No-Apologies Approach to the Third World"
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The A to Z of the Non-Aligned
Movement and Third World
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International opposition to apartheid in South Africa
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331:"Namibia: Will it look like Austria, Finland?".
160:Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
314:"Castro Versus Carter: Bad news for Zimbabwe".
195:Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa
8:
446:International organizations based in Africa
218:Robert Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence
436:Organizations disestablished in the 1990s
279:"Black nations seek summit with Reagan".
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431:Organizations established in the 1960s
258:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 126–127.
102:(from 1980). The FLS disbanded after
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27:Loose coalition of African countries
451:Former international organizations
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357:. 6 September 1981. p. A1.
303:. South Africa History Online.
66:), and white minority rule in
1:
334:The Christian Science Monitor
320:. 23 October 1979. p. 7.
285:. 25 August 1986. p. A6.
141:Organization of African Unity
115:Organisation of African Unity
252:Arnold, Guy (6 April 2010).
74:) to 1980. The FLS included
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108:President of South Africa
461:South African Border War
137:Pan Africanist Congress
214:Chan, Stephen (2003).
39:
34:The Frontline States (
156:Reagan administration
152:Carter administration
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119:Tanzanian President
354:The New York Times
317:The Globe and Mail
297:"Frontline States"
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375:on July 20, 2014.
126:Zambian President
60:South West Africa
18:Front-line states
16:(Redirected from
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402:. Archived from
400:leahy.senate.gov
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408:. Retrieved
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154:. Under the
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56:South Africa
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425:Categories
410:2020-05-27
201:References
181:Other uses
88:Mozambique
110:in 1994.
52:apartheid
189:See also
100:Zimbabwe
92:Tanzania
80:Botswana
72:Zimbabwe
68:Rhodesia
38:), 1975.
171:Namibia
169:), and
106:became
84:Lesotho
70:(today
64:Namibia
62:(today
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98:, and
96:Zambia
76:Angola
36:orange
260:ISBN
228:ISBN
58:and
42:The
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