398:
338:
112:
1355:
385:
373:
325:
308:
352:
212:, denounced this agreement and continued armed resistance. The radicals held a congress in northern Djibouti for six days in late September 1994, and announced on 30 September 1994 that the congress delegates "unanimously reaffirmed their determination to pursue armed struggle until their political goals are satisfied," while electing Dini at the head of the faction's executive committee.
226:
828:
779:
730:
836:
787:
738:
689:
682:
641:
634:
459:
became
Minister of Agriculture and Water Resources. The moderate faction was formally legalized in March 1996. On 15–16 April 1997, it held its First Ordinary Congress, electing a 153-member National Council and a 21-member Executive Committee. Although the party continued to be led by Daoud, who is
442:
Since then, there have only been few attacks. In
January 2021, FRUD-C killed a policeman. On 7 October 2022, FRUD-C attacked a military barracks in Garabtisan, killing seven soldiers, wounding four. Six were reported as missing. This assault was strongly denounced not only by Djibouti's government,
434:
After the party's split, the FRUD-C (Front pour la restauration de l’unité et de la démocratie – Combattant, or Front for the
Restoration of Unity and Democracy – Combatant; alternatively called "FRUD Ahmed Dini faction", "FRUD-Radicals", "FRUD-Armé" or "Armed FRUD") was organized by those FRUD
545:
The moderate faction held its Third
Ordinary Congress, attended by 1,250 delegates, on 30–31 May 2007. Daoud was re-elected as President of FRUD by acclamation, without opposition. At the congress, FRUD's National Council was expanded to 335 members; the FRUD Executive Committee named at this
435:
members determined to keep fighting. They continued an insurgency against the government of
Djibouti with the support of Eritrea with arms and probably logistics in an effort to cut the supply routes from Djibouti to landlocked Ethiopia during the
454:
As a result of its
December 1994 agreement with the government, the moderate faction was given two ministerial positions on 8 June 1995: FRUD President Daoud became Minister of Health and Social Affairs, while FRUD Secretary-General
188:
Three Afar groups—Action for the
Revision of Order in Djibouti, the Front for the Restoration of Right and Equality, and the Djibouti Patriotic Resistance Front—merged in 1991 to form FRUD. In late 1991, FRUD launched a
472:, was chosen as Second Vice-President. The Executive Committee included several representatives of ethnic groups aside from the Afar: four were Issa, two were Gadabursi, two were Arabs, and one was
513:
FRUD held its Second
Ordinary Congress on 28–29 April 2002. Daoud was re-elected as FRUD President at this congress, and the party's Executive Committee was reduced from 27 to 19 members.
1340:
244:
908:"«Le FRUD a toujours apporté son soutien à l’action du chef de l’Etat et continuera de le faire dans l’avenir », déclare le président du FRUD, M. Mohamed Ali Daoud"
1410:
1479:
1382:
1364:
842:
810:
793:
761:
744:
712:
695:
664:
647:
616:
526:
84:
460:
an Afar, the composition of the leadership selected at this congress reflected the party's efforts to appeal to other ethnic groups aside from its Afar base.
1333:
1318:
1183:
1136:
1090:
947:
533:, UMP), which won 62.7% of the popular vote and all seats. The radical faction participated in the election as part of the opposition coalition, the
1469:
1420:
752:
703:
655:
602:
547:
522:
477:
1484:
801:
500:
1349:
1326:
127:
1443:
1425:
111:
1218:
1021:
1489:
1474:
1405:
200:
Nearly 1,000 people died during the conflict until 1994. In that year, the party split into two factions: a moderate wing, led by
1264:
507:, a FRUD parliamentary deputy, announced that he would stand as a presidential candidate and was expelled from FRUD as a result.
1287:
1237:
1415:
1372:
481:
485:
1397:
503:
held on April 9, 1999, as the joint candidate of the RPP and FRUD, receiving 74.02% of the vote. Prior to the election,
91:
69:
436:
1155:
1049:
534:
1387:
451:
While the radical FRUD elements continued to fight, the Daoud faction began to participate in national politics.
406:
239:
1181:"Djibouti: Political opposition parties (This Response replaces an earlier version dated 13 January 1999.)
1180:
1134:"Djibouti: Political opposition parties (This Response replaces an earlier version dated 13 January 1999.)
1133:
1087:
389:
1088:"Djibouti: Political opposition parties (This Response replaces an earlier version dated 13 January 1999.
510:
For its part, the radical faction eventually signed its own peace agreement with the government in 2001.
234:
377:
132:
1448:
504:
465:
190:
122:
496:
461:
456:
443:
but also FRUD's moderate faction as "unjustifiable in the current context of political pluralism."
205:
1215:
607:
546:
congress included 26 members, four of whom were women. FRUD was again part of the UMP for the
201:
37:
1075:
402:
209:
1190:", Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (UNHCR Refworld), DJI31018.FE, 1 February 1999).
1438:
1291:
1268:
1241:
1222:
1187:
1159:
1143:", Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (UNHCR Refworld), DJI31018.FE, 1 February 1999.
1140:
1097:", Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (UNHCR Refworld), DJI31018.FE, 1 February 1999.
1094:
1025:
164:
156:
148:
1199:
1153:"Proclamation du Président de la République de Djibouti par le Conseil Constitutionnel."
923:
907:
1261:
1463:
1284:
1234:
62:
865:
175:
who live in that country, although it has supporters residing outside of
Djibouti.
1311:
1106:
194:
172:
74:
469:
484:(RPP), and this alliance won 78.5% of the vote, taking all 65 seats in the
1354:
948:"Armed attackers kill seven Djibouti soldiers, presidential adviser says"
330:
313:
288:
168:
1200:"Le Conseil National du FRUD élit les 19 membres de son Comité Exécutif"
1152:
357:
204:, signed a peace agreement with the government on 26 December 1994 in
997:
473:
1322:
973:
525:
held on 10 January 2003, the moderate faction was part of the
219:
550:; the UMP again won all seats amidst an opposition boycott.
279:(29 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)
153:
27:
Front pour la Restauration de l'Unité et de la Démocratie
1050:"Djibouti Says Seven Soldiers Killed in Rebel Attack"
1022:"ACLED Version 5 (1997 – 2014), See file n Djibouti"
924:"DINI'S FACTION REAFFIRMS PURSUIT OF ARMED STRUGGLE"
1396:
1363:
464:, an Issa, was chosen as First Vice-President, and
104:
90:
80:
68:
58:
43:
33:
21:
898:(6th edition, 2005), ed. Bogdan Szajkowski, p. 180
1216:"Djiboutis to vote Friday in Parliamentary polls"
1378:Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy
1162:, Journal Officiel de la République de Djibouti
866:"Major Episodes of Political Violence 1946–2014"
439:. Up to 2014, the insurgency caused 100 deaths.
145:Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy
24:Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy
1411:Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development
261:
184:Uprising against the government and party split
1262:"M. Ali Mohamed Daoud réélu président du Frud"
1076:"EX-REBELS IN DJIBOUTI'S COALITION GOVERNMENT"
1044:
1042:
1334:
8:
233:It has been suggested that this section be
1341:
1327:
1319:
258:
171:. It is aligned with the interests of the
110:
18:
942:
940:
938:
936:
161:الجبهة من أجل استعادة الوحدة والديمقراطية
1421:Djibouti Union for Democracy and Justice
930:, Vol. 6 No. 5 (September–October 1994).
562:
1125:
1123:
856:
998:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
974:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
1480:Political parties established in 1991
1225:, Middle East Online, 9 January 2003.
1130:Political Handbook of the World: 1998
531:Union pour la Majorité Présidentielle
237:out into another article titled
7:
1179:, No. 839, 2 January 1999 (cited in
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
864:Marshall, Monty G. (16 April 2015).
548:February 2008 parliamentary election
478:December 1997 parliamentary election
1365:Union for the Presidential Majority
527:Union for the Presidential Majority
160:
85:Union for the Presidential Majority
1312:IPU-PARLINE page for 2008 election
14:
1406:Republican Alliance for Democracy
1383:Social Democratic People's Party
1353:
834:
827:
826:
785:
778:
777:
736:
729:
728:
687:
680:
639:
632:
447:Activity of the moderate faction
428:112 deaths in total (until 2022)
396:
383:
371:
350:
336:
323:
306:
224:
1470:1991 establishments in Djibouti
1416:Djibouti Party for Development
926:, Reuters, 30 September 1994 (
896:Political Parties of the World
835:
786:
737:
688:
681:
640:
633:
1:
1485:Political parties in Djibouti
1350:Political parties in Djibouti
1117:, 21 February–28 April 1997).
1115:Horn of Africa Monthly Review
535:Union for a Democratic Change
1398:Union for National Salvation
1235:"Sous le signe des réformes"
480:in alliance with the ruling
1373:People's Rally for Progress
1132:(1998), page 261 (cited in
868:. Center for Systemic Peace
559:National Assembly elections
517:2003 parliamentary election
482:People's Rally for Progress
208:, while other wing, led by
16:Political party in Djibouti
1506:
1285:"14% de sièges aux femmes"
1175:"Djibouti: Flap in FRUD",
1107:"First FRUD congress held"
492:1999 presidential election
1444:List of political parties
1434:
1426:National Democratic Party
1388:Union of Reform Partisans
606:
427:
414:
364:
299:
266:
118:
109:
1490:Rebel groups in Djibouti
1475:Ethnic political parties
1078:, Reuters, June 9, 1995.
499:of the RPP stood in the
476:. FRUD took part in the
1177:Indian Ocean Newsletter
1111:Indian Ocean Newsletter
928:Horn of Africa Bulletin
541:Third Ordinary Congress
197:-dominated government.
523:parliamentary election
437:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
365:Commanders and leaders
240:Insurgency in Djibouti
152:
1186:May 20, 2011, at the
1139:May 20, 2011, at the
1093:May 20, 2011, at the
845:coalition government
796:coalition government
747:coalition government
698:coalition government
650:coalition government
501:presidential election
415:Casualties and losses
378:Hassan Gouled Aptidon
342:FRUD-C ("Armed FRUD")
1449:Politics of Djibouti
910:, ADI, 20 June 2002
216:Insurgency by FRUD-C
123:Politics of Djibouti
81:National affiliation
1271:, ADI, 3 June 2007
497:Ismail Omar Guelleh
457:Ougoure Kifle Ahmed
390:Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
274:27 December 1994 -
1298:, 16 January 2008
1290:2008-01-19 at the
1267:2007-08-16 at the
1240:2007-07-07 at the
1221:2008-05-13 at the
1202:, ADI, 4 May 2008
1158:2007-08-16 at the
1074:Christophe Farah,
1457:
1456:
1113:, 16 April 1997 (
1056:. 10 October 2022
849:
848:
608:Ali Mohamed Daoud
554:Electoral history
486:National Assembly
432:
431:
295:
294:
257:
256:
252:
202:Ali Mohamed Daoud
141:
140:
128:Political parties
92:National Assembly
38:Ali Mohamed Daoud
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1358:
1357:
1343:
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1329:
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1301:
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1251:
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1226:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1127:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1024:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
954:. 8 October 2022
944:
931:
921:
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861:
838:
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822:
813:
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773:
764:
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739:
732:
731:
724:
715:
691:
690:
684:
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667:
643:
642:
636:
635:
628:
619:
563:
403:Ahmed Dini Ahmed
401:
400:
399:
388:
387:
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210:Ahmed Dini Ahmed
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114:
99:
54:
52:
19:
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1439:Portal:Politics
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1292:Wayback Machine
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1242:Wayback Machine
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1223:Wayback Machine
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1203:
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1188:Wayback Machine
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1170:
1163:
1160:Wayback Machine
1151:
1147:
1141:Wayback Machine
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1095:Wayback Machine
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918:
911:
906:
902:
894:
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854:
823:
820:
809:as part of the
808:
807:
774:
771:
760:as part of the
759:
758:
725:
722:
711:as part of the
710:
709:
677:
674:
663:as part of the
662:
661:
629:
626:
615:as part of the
614:
613:
561:
556:
543:
519:
505:Abatte Ebo Adou
494:
466:Ismael Youssouf
449:
397:
395:
384:
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372:
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351:
349:
348:
343:
337:
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321:
316:
307:
305:
291:
278:
262:FRUD insurgency
253:
229:
225:
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186:
181:
165:political party
137:
100:
97:
50:
48:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1503:
1501:
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1277:
1254:
1248:, 31 May 2007
1227:
1208:
1192:
1168:
1145:
1119:
1099:
1080:
1067:
1038:
1028:on 22 May 2015
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989:
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493:
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448:
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393:
392:(1999-present)
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75:Afar interests
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45:
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31:
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26:
23:
22:
15:
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3:
2:
1502:
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979:
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917:
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904:
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867:
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857:
851:
844:
841:
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815:
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799:
795:
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784:
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769:
766:
763:
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746:
743:
735:
727:
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714:
707:
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672:
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649:
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621:
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611:
609:
604:
601:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
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571:Party leader
570:
568:
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564:
558:
553:
551:
549:
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538:
536:
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528:
524:
516:
514:
511:
508:
506:
502:
498:
491:
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487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Djama Djellai
458:
452:
446:
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95:
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67:
64:
63:Djibouti City
61:
57:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
20:
1377:
1307:
1295:
1280:
1257:
1245:
1230:
1211:
1195:
1176:
1171:
1148:
1129:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1083:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:Defense Post
1053:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1016:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:
992:
981:. Retrieved
977:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:Defense Post
951:
927:
919:
903:
895:
870:. Retrieved
859:
595:
584:
579:
574:
566:
544:
530:
520:
512:
509:
495:
453:
450:
441:
433:
407:
345:Supported by
344:
318:Supported by
317:
300:Belligerents
275:
249:
238:
199:
193:against the
187:
144:
142:
59:Headquarters
1300:(in French)
1273:(in French)
1250:(in French)
1204:(in French)
1164:(in French)
912:(in French)
380:(1994-1999)
360:(1998-2000)
173:Afar people
1464:Categories
1032:2022-08-12
1007:2022-08-12
1002:ucdp.uu.se
983:2022-08-12
978:ucdp.uu.se
852:References
250:(May 2024)
105:Party flag
1296:La Nation
1246:La Nation
592:Position
470:Gadabursi
191:rebellion
133:Elections
34:President
1288:Archived
1265:Archived
1238:Archived
1219:Archived
1184:Archived
1156:Archived
1137:Archived
1091:Archived
872:26 April
567:Election
331:Ethiopia
314:Djibouti
289:Djibouti
284:Location
169:Djibouti
70:Ideology
1060:17 July
958:17 July
821:58 / 65
816:93.68%
806:159,658
772:57 / 65
767:87.83%
757:105,278
723:55 / 65
675:65 / 65
670:94.06%
660:103,463
627:65 / 65
521:In the
423:Unknown
420:Unknown
358:Eritrea
276:present
245:Discuss
179:History
163:) is a
49: (
44:Founded
718:61.5%
708:74,016
622:62.7%
612:53,293
596:Result
405:
355:
328:
311:
157:Arabic
149:French
98:0 / 65
585:Seats
575:Votes
474:Isaaq
235:split
206:Aba'a
1062:2023
960:2023
874:2015
839:1st
802:2023
790:1st
753:2018
741:1st
704:2013
692:1st
656:2008
644:1st
603:2003
589:+/–
468:, a
271:Date
195:Issa
143:The
51:1991
47:1991
843:UMP
811:UMP
794:UMP
762:UMP
745:UMP
733:10
713:UMP
696:UMP
665:UMP
648:UMP
617:UMP
243:. (
167:in
1466::
1294:,
1244:,
1122:^
1109:,
1052:.
1041:^
1000:.
976:.
950:.
935:^
882:^
831:1
782:2
537:.
488:.
247:)
159::
155:,
151::
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1302:.
1275:.
1252:.
1206:.
1166:.
1064:.
1035:.
1010:.
986:.
962:.
914:.
876:.
580:%
529:(
408:#
347::
320::
147:(
53:)
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