205:
2596:
31:
389:
The potential of a faster CPU is wasted if it cannot fetch instructions and data as quickly as it can execute them. The CPU may spend significant time idle while waiting to read or write data in main memory, and high-performance processors therefore require high bandwidth and low latency access to
310:
is the practice of making computer components operate beyond their stock performance levels by manipulating the frequencies at which the component is set to run, and, when necessary, modifying the voltage sent to the component to allow it to operate at these higher frequencies with more stability.
256:
In newer systems, it is possible to see memory ratios of "4:5" and the like. The memory will run 5/4 times as fast as the FSB in this situation, meaning a 400 MHz bus can run with the memory at 500 MHz. This is often referred to as an 'asynchronous' system. Due to differences in CPU and
326:
across points on the CPU's surface. Some other processors from AMD and Intel are unlocked from the factory and labeled as an "enthusiast-grade" processors by end users and retailers because of this feature. For all processors, increasing the FSB speed can be done to boost processing speed by
252:
Setting an FSB speed is related directly to the speed grade of memory a system must use. The memory bus connects the northbridge and RAM, just as the front-side bus connects the CPU and northbridge. Often, these two buses must operate at the same frequency. Increasing the front-side bus to
347:, do not allow the user to change the multiplier or FSB settings due to the probability of erratic behavior or failure. Motherboards purchased separately to build a custom machine are more likely to allow the user to edit the multiplier and FSB settings in the PC's BIOS.
229:
setting (also called bus/core ratio) of 8. That is, the CPU is set to run at 8 times the frequency of the front-side bus: 400 MHz × 8 = 3200 MHz. Different CPU speeds are achieved by varying either the FSB frequency or the CPU multiplier, this is referred to as
424:
In a traditional architecture, the front-side bus served as the immediate data link between the CPU and all other devices in the system, including main memory. In HyperTransport- and QPI-based systems, system memory is accessed independently by means of a
429:
integrated into the CPU, leaving the bandwidth on the HyperTransport or QPI link for other uses. This increases the complexity of the CPU design but offers greater throughput as well as superior scaling in multiprocessor systems.
280:
Similar to the memory bus, the PCI and AGP buses can also be run asynchronously from the front-side bus. In older systems, these buses are operated at a set fraction of the front-side bus frequency. This fraction was set by the
272:. However, if the computations involving each element are more complex, the processor will spend longer performing these; therefore, the FSB will be able to keep pace because the rate at which the memory is accessed is reduced.
161:(AGP), and memory buses all connect to the chipset in order for data to flow between the connected devices. These secondary system buses usually run at speeds derived from the front-side bus clock, but are not necessarily
81:. This bus and the cache connected to it are faster than accessing the system memory (or RAM) via the front-side bus. The speed of the front side bus is often used as an important measure of the performance of a computer.
334:
This practice pushes components beyond their specifications and may cause erratic behavior, overheating or premature failure. Even if the computer appears to run normally, problems may appear under a heavy load. Most
489:
Many manufacturers publish the frequency of the front-side bus in MHz, but marketing materials often list the theoretical effective signaling rate (which is commonly called
221:
at which a processor (CPU) operates is determined by applying a clock multiplier to the front-side bus (FSB) speed in some cases. For example, a processor running at 3200
493:
per second or MT/s). For example, if a motherboard (or processor) has its bus set at 200 MHz and performs 4 transfers per clock cycle, the FSB is rated at 800 MT/s.
318:
or BIOS settings. Almost all CPU manufacturers now "lock" a preset multiplier setting into the chip. It is possible to unlock some locked CPUs; for instance, some AMD
657:
2036:
386:
processor models through about 2008 and was eliminated in 2009. Originally, this bus was a central connecting point for all system devices and the CPU.
2564:
62:-chip-based computers during the 1990s and 2000s. The EV6 bus served the same function for competing AMD CPUs. Both typically carry data between the
2193:
2056:
1766:
1586:
268:, FSB speed becomes a major performance issue. A slow FSB will cause the CPU to spend significant amounts of time waiting for data to arrive from
1863:
1626:
180:
in
Beijing, Intel had very closely guarded who had access to the FSB, only allowing Intel processors in the CPU socket. The first example was
1711:
1532:
119:"Front side" refers to the external interface from the processor to the rest of the computer system, as opposed to the back side, where the
2244:
1915:
2591:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
1549:
1560:
2297:
2136:
2066:
1817:
162:
2126:
154:
2224:
1652:
2016:
2568:
2219:
2188:
1612:
261:
181:
97:
2166:
442:
or maximum theoretical throughput of the front-side bus is determined by the product of the width of its data path, its
406:
375:
89:
176:
initiative, Intel opened its FSB CPU socket to third party devices. Prior to this announcement, made in Spring 2007 at
2492:
2431:
2286:
1950:
543:
2091:
1856:
2146:
257:
system architecture, overall system performance can vary in unexpected ways with different FSB-to-memory ratios.
158:
454:) wide FSB operating at a frequency of 100 MHz that performs 4 transfers per cycle has a bandwidth of 3200
356:
2618:
2599:
2574:
2466:
2121:
1841:
418:
414:
410:
150:
146:
67:
63:
138:
designs of the previous decades, but these front-side buses are sometimes referred to as the "system bus".
2156:
467:
402:
169:
93:
355:
The front-side bus had the advantage of high flexibility and low cost when it was first designed. Simple
2420:
2373:
2229:
2001:
1849:
439:
328:
177:
1770:
2623:
2416:
2269:
2151:
490:
455:
359:
place a number of CPUs on a shared FSB, though performance could not scale linearly due to bandwidth
269:
264:
synthesis and scientific applications that perform a small amount of work on each element of a large
35:
446:(cycles per second) and the number of data transfers it performs per clock cycle. For example, a 64-
2328:
1883:
314:
Many motherboards allow the user to manually set the clock multiplier and FSB settings by changing
1686:
1872:
1606:
1587:"Intel opens up its front side bus to the world+dog: IDF Spring 007 Xilinx heralds the bombshell"
1424:
323:
315:
2318:
1940:
1876:
1528:
1524:
426:
336:
1792:
2051:
1831:
1751:
2181:
2031:
2011:
1886:
340:
131:
55:
134:
or similar small computers. The FSB design was a performance improvement over the single
2482:
2176:
2101:
2026:
1930:
483:
398:
247:
226:
85:
1660:
2612:
2554:
2441:
2333:
2281:
2264:
2046:
1945:
1935:
1910:
1517:
1037:
496:
The specifications of several generations of popular processors are indicated below.
235:
120:
74:
39:
1712:"XtremeData Begins Shipping 1066 MHz Altera Stratix III FPGA-Based Intel FSB Module"
2291:
2234:
2086:
1991:
1682:
307:
302:
290:
231:
204:
1627:"Nallatech Launches Early Access Program for the Industry's First FSB-FPGA Module"
1018:
999:
980:
885:
866:
847:
828:
752:
714:
600:
581:
524:
1481:
1462:
1348:
1329:
1310:
1291:
2559:
2538:
2461:
2456:
2301:
2239:
2214:
2141:
1925:
1920:
1443:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1056:
475:
360:
286:
127:
109:
30:
2412:
2111:
1900:
443:
367:
135:
113:
17:
1246:
1227:
1208:
1189:
1170:
1151:
1132:
1113:
1094:
1075:
923:
2436:
2426:
2393:
2388:
2323:
2198:
1986:
1971:
1966:
961:
942:
809:
638:
562:
222:
218:
189:
141:
Front-side buses usually connect the CPU and the rest of the hardware via a
78:
904:
790:
771:
733:
695:
676:
619:
253:
450 MHz in most cases also means running the memory at 450 MHz.
2446:
2383:
2116:
1976:
1767:"AMD HyperTransport Bus: Transport Your Application to Hyper Performance"
482:
4 transfers/cycle. Intel calls the technique of four transfers per cycle
397:
More modern designs use point-to-point and serial connections like AMD's
265:
173:
2579:
2533:
2517:
2343:
2161:
2106:
2041:
1996:
371:
142:
1737:
293:, which eliminates their dependence on the front-side bus for timing.
2512:
2403:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2171:
2061:
2021:
1981:
479:
379:
319:
193:
185:
2497:
2408:
394:
as being an old and slow technology that limits system performance.
130:(including personal computers and servers). They are seldom used in
471:
225:
might be using a 400 MHz FSB. This means there is an internal
2507:
2398:
2338:
2276:
2249:
2131:
2081:
2006:
59:
42:
is often internal, with front-side bus for external communication.
29:
2502:
2487:
2348:
2259:
2254:
2096:
451:
383:
344:
282:
73:
Depending on the implementation, some computers may also have a
1845:
108:
The term came into use by Intel
Corporation about the time the
2451:
2076:
2071:
447:
391:
184:(FPGA) co-processors, a result of collaboration between Intel-
84:
The original front-side bus architecture has been replaced by
1818:"Intel launches all-new PC architecture with Core i5/I7 CPUs"
1687:"High fiber diet gives Intel 'regularity' needed to beat AMD"
1653:"XtremeData Offers Stratix III FPGA-Based Intel FSB Module"
1659:. Chip Design magazine. September 18, 2007. Archived from
462:
8 bytes/transfer × 100 MHz × 4 transfers/cycle = 3200 MB/s
1738:"Intel X38 Tango - is High FSB Overclocking Worth It?"
1793:"An Introduction to the Intel QuickPath Interconnect"
409:(QPI). These implementations remove the traditional
126:
A front-side bus (FSB) is mostly used on PC-related
2547:
2526:
2475:
2311:
2207:
1959:
1893:
339:purchased from retailers or manufacturers, such as
1516:
123:connects the cache (and potentially other CPUs).
1550:"Introduction to Intel Architecture: The Basics"
66:(CPU) and a memory controller hub, known as the
2194:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
1593:. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012
1548:Todd Langley and Rob Kowalczyk (January 2009).
413:in favor of a direct link from the CPU to the
1857:
470:depends on the technology used. For example,
390:memory. The front-side bus was criticized by
100:in modern Intel CPUs for personal computers.
8:
1864:
1850:
1842:
1523:(15th ed.). Que Publishing. p.
322:processors can be unlocked by connecting
289:peripheral buses often receive their own
54:) is a computer communication interface (
1270:
503:
203:
27:Type of computer communication interface
1765:Allan McNaughton (September 29, 2003).
1507:
116:products were announced, in the 1990s.
1604:
285:. In newer systems, the PCI, AGP, and
1798:. Intel Corporation. January 30, 2009
196:-XtremeData (which shipped in 2008).
7:
1585:Charlie Demerjian (April 17, 2007).
1559:. Intel Corporation. Archived from
366:The front-side bus was used in all
25:
331:between CPU and the northbridge.
155:Peripheral Component Interconnect
2595:
2594:
260:In image, audio, video, gaming,
1633:. Nallatech. September 18, 2007
145:, which Intel implemented as a
1:
2189:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
1832:"Core i7 975 review (Page 4)"
1752:"Core i7 975 review (Page 4)"
182:field-programmable gate array
98:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
77:that connects the CPU to the
2167:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
2157:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
791:Pentium 4 HT Extreme Edition
466:The number of transfers per
90:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
1718:. XtremeData. June 17, 2008
1519:Upgrading and repairing PCs
474:performs 1 transfer/cycle,
2640:
2152:Compute Express Link (CXL)
1716:Business Wire news release
1657:Business Wire news release
1631:Business Wire news release
300:
245:
2588:
2389:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
2304:logical device interface)
1611:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
357:symmetric multiprocessors
159:Accelerated Graphics Port
58:) that was often used in
1000:Celeron Dual-Core Mobile
886:Pentium Dual-Core Mobile
208:A typical chipset layout
200:Related component speeds
1286:Transfer Rate (MB/sec)
829:Pentium Extreme Edition
519:Transfer Rate (MB/sec)
478:2 transfers/cycle, and
415:Platform Controller Hub
153:. Other buses like the
64:central processing unit
1951:List of bus bandwidths
1515:Scott Mueller (2003).
1495:2656 - 3200
1476:1600 - 2128
1457:1600 - 2128
1419:1600 - 2128
1400:1600 - 3200
1381:1600 - 2128
407:QuickPath Interconnect
209:
94:Direct Media Interface
43:
1769:. AMD. Archived from
1391:100 / 133 / 166 / 200
1228:Core 2 Extreme Mobile
601:Pentium MMX Overdrive
207:
178:Intel Developer Forum
33:
2394:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
2132:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
1362:528 - 800
1343:528 - 800
1305:400 - 528
658:Pentium II Overdrive
456:megabytes per second
36:multi-core processor
2235:Parallel ATA (PATA)
1820:. 8 September 2009.
1277:FSB Frequency (MHz)
510:FSB Frequency (MHz)
421:or I/O controller.
324:electrical contacts
2142:PCI Express (PCIe)
1685:(April 17, 2007).
1334:66 - 100
1190:Core 2 Quad Mobile
210:
44:
2606:
2605:
2592:
2319:Apple Desktop Bus
2296:PCI Express (via
2255:Serial ATA (SATA)
1941:Network on a chip
1773:on March 25, 2012
1534:978-0-7897-2974-3
1499:
1498:
1296:50 - 66
1264:
1263:
1152:Core 2 Duo Mobile
981:Celeron Dual-Core
867:Pentium Dual-Core
544:Pentium Overdrive
427:memory controller
16:(Redirected from
2631:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2052:HP Precision Bus
1866:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1663:on July 23, 2011
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1522:
1512:
1271:
696:Pentium III Xeon
504:
500:Intel processors
276:Peripheral buses
227:clock multiplier
132:embedded systems
96:and nowadays by
21:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2543:
2522:
2471:
2384:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
2307:
2203:
2182:Infinity Fabric
2012:Europe Card Bus
1955:
1889:
1870:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1566:on June 7, 2011
1563:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1425:Mobile Athlon 4
1280:Transfers/Cycle
1269:
639:Pentium II Xeon
513:Transfers/Cycle
502:
444:clock frequency
436:
353:
341:Hewlett-Packard
305:
299:
278:
250:
244:
215:
202:
168:In response to
106:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2637:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2619:Computer buses
2611:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Intel HD Audio
2490:
2485:
2483:ADAT Lightpipe
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2177:HyperTransport
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Bus contention
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:Front-side bus
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:computer buses
1871:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1834:. 2 June 2009.
1823:
1809:
1784:
1757:
1754:. 2 June 2009.
1743:
1729:
1703:
1674:
1644:
1618:
1577:
1540:
1533:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1268:
1267:AMD processors
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:Core 2 Extreme
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
958:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:Celeron Mobile
920:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
863:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
825:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
787:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
711:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
673:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
635:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
597:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
578:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
501:
498:
464:
463:
435:
434:Transfer rates
432:
399:HyperTransport
352:
349:
301:Main article:
298:
295:
277:
274:
248:Memory divider
243:
240:
214:
211:
201:
198:
105:
102:
86:HyperTransport
48:front-side bus
26:
24:
18:Front side bus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2636:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Multidrop bus
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:External PCIe
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Parallel SCSI
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Commodore bus
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Fibre Channel
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:Plug and play
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Bus mastering
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Back-side bus
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:8512 - 12800
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:8512 / 10656
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:6400 - 10656
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:3200 - 12800
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:6400 - 10666
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
819:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
716:
715:Pentium III-M
713:
712:
708:
705:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
632:
629:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
594:
591:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
499:
497:
494:
492:
491:megatransfers
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
460:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
428:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
332:
330:
325:
321:
317:
312:
309:
304:
296:
294:
292:
291:clock signals
288:
284:
275:
273:
271:
270:system memory
267:
263:
258:
254:
249:
241:
239:
237:
236:underclocking
233:
228:
224:
220:
212:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
121:back-side bus
117:
115:
111:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
75:back-side bus
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
40:back-side bus
37:
32:
19:
2087:TURBOchannel
1905:
1877:
1826:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:the original
1760:
1746:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1691:The Register
1690:
1683:Ashlee Vance
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:the original
1656:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1630:
1621:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:The Inquirer
1590:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1561:the original
1556:
1543:
1518:
1510:
1260:3200 - 5312
1241:6400 / 8512
1165:4256 - 8512
1127:4256 - 6400
1108:4256 / 5312
1089:4256 / 5312
1013:4256 - 6400
937:4256 - 6400
899:6400 - 8512
880:6400 / 8512
861:3200 / 4256
842:6400 / 8512
823:4256 - 6400
804:6400 / 8512
785:4256 / 6400
772:Pentium 4 HT
747:3200 - 4256
605:50 / 60 / 66
554:32 or 64-bit
495:
488:
484:Quad Pumping
465:
437:
423:
401:and Intel's
396:
388:
365:
354:
333:
313:
308:Overclocking
306:
303:Overclocking
297:Overclocking
279:
259:
255:
251:
232:overclocking
216:
167:
163:synchronized
140:
128:motherboards
125:
118:
107:
83:
72:
51:
47:
45:
2624:Motherboard
2560:CoreConnect
2539:ExpressCard
2467:Thunderbolt
2457:Camera Link
2240:Bus and Tag
1926:Address bus
1921:Control bus
1916:Daisy chain
1557:White paper
1444:Athlon XP-M
1171:Core 2 Quad
1114:Core 2 Solo
975:528 - 6400
918:528 - 6400
753:Pentium 4-M
728:800 / 1064
709:800 / 1064
690:800 / 1064
677:Pentium III
582:Pentium MMX
563:Pentium Pro
468:clock cycle
419:southbridge
411:northbridge
361:bottlenecks
287:PCI Express
151:southbridge
147:northbridge
110:Pentium Pro
68:northbridge
2613:Categories
2413:ACCESS.bus
2312:Peripheral
2112:InfiniBand
2107:HP GSC bus
1901:System bus
1502:References
1133:Core 2 Duo
671:480 - 528
633:528 / 800
620:Pentium II
614:400 - 528
595:480 - 528
576:480 - 528
557:200 - 528
538:400 - 528
368:Intel Atom
246:See also:
192:and Intel-
136:system bus
114:Pentium II
2374:Lightning
2324:Atari SIO
2199:SpaceWire
2032:Zorro III
1972:S-100 bus
1967:SS-50 bus
1960:Standards
1880:standards
1873:Technical
1607:cite news
1486:166 / 200
1467:100 / 133
1448:100 / 133
1410:100 / 133
1406:Athlon MP
1387:Athlon XP
1372:100 / 133
1283:Bus Width
1251:100 - 166
1232:200 / 266
1213:266 - 400
1175:266 / 333
1156:133 - 266
1137:200 - 333
1118:133 - 200
1099:133 / 166
1080:133 / 166
1076:Core Solo
1061:100 - 400
1042:200 - 333
1038:Itanium 2
1004:133 - 200
962:Celeron M
943:Celeron D
928:133 - 200
890:133 - 200
871:200 / 266
852:100 / 133
848:Pentium M
833:200 / 266
814:133 / 200
810:Pentium D
795:200 / 266
776:133 / 200
738:100 / 133
734:Pentium 4
719:100 / 133
700:100 / 133
681:100 / 133
516:Bus Width
440:bandwidth
351:Evolution
327:reducing
219:frequency
190:Nallatech
34:Within a
2600:Category
2575:Wishbone
2548:Embedded
2527:Portable
2447:Profibus
2379:DMX512-A
2265:Parallel
2117:Ethernet
2027:Zorro II
1977:Multibus
1878:de facto
1802:June 14,
1777:June 14,
1722:June 14,
1667:June 14,
1637:June 14,
1353:66 / 100
1095:Core Duo
966:66 - 200
909:66 - 200
624:66 / 100
458:(MB/s):
266:data set
174:Torrenza
2580:SLIMbus
2534:PC Card
2518:TOSLINK
2208:Storage
2162:RapidIO
2042:FASTBUS
1997:STD Bus
1894:General
1696:May 28,
1597:May 28,
1570:May 28,
1482:Sempron
1048:128-bit
1019:Itanium
905:Celeron
662:60 / 66
586:60 / 66
567:60 / 66
548:25 - 66
529:50 - 66
525:Pentium
403:DMI 2.0
376:Pentium
372:Celeron
329:latency
316:jumpers
165:to it.
157:(PCI),
143:chipset
104:History
2513:S/PDIF
2404:1-Wire
2369:RS-485
2364:RS-423
2359:RS-422
2354:RS-232
2215:ST-506
2172:NVLink
2022:STEbus
1982:Unibus
1531:
1492:64-bit
1473:64-bit
1454:64-bit
1435:64-bit
1416:64-bit
1397:64-bit
1378:64-bit
1368:Athlon
1359:64-bit
1349:K6-III
1340:64-bit
1321:64-bit
1302:64-bit
1257:64-bit
1238:64-bit
1219:64-bit
1200:64-bit
1181:64-bit
1162:64-bit
1143:64-bit
1124:64-bit
1105:64-bit
1086:64-bit
1067:64-bit
1029:64-bit
1010:64-bit
991:64-bit
972:64-bit
953:64-bit
934:64-bit
915:64-bit
896:64-bit
877:64-bit
858:64-bit
839:64-bit
820:64-bit
801:64-bit
782:64-bit
763:64-bit
744:64-bit
725:64-bit
706:64-bit
687:64-bit
668:64-bit
649:64-bit
630:64-bit
611:64-bit
592:64-bit
573:64-bit
535:64-bit
382:, and
380:Core 2
320:Athlon
242:Memory
194:Altera
186:Xilinx
149:and a
38:, the
2508:McASP
2476:Audio
2421:SMBus
2417:PMBus
2399:UNI/O
2339:HP-IL
2292:SATAe
2277:ESCON
2250:HIPPI
2082:NuBus
2037:CAMAC
2007:Q-Bus
2002:SMBus
1987:VAXBI
1884:wired
1796:(PDF)
1564:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1463:Duron
1438:1600
1330:K6-II
1203:8512
1032:2133
994:6400
956:4256
766:3200
480:AGTL+
79:cache
60:Intel
2565:AMBA
2503:MADI
2488:AES3
2349:MIDI
2302:NVMe
2298:AHCI
2260:SCSI
2245:DSSI
2220:ESDI
2097:SBus
2057:EISA
1992:MBus
1882:for
1875:and
1804:2011
1779:2011
1724:2011
1698:2011
1669:2011
1639:2011
1613:link
1599:2011
1572:2011
1529:ISBN
1324:528
1247:Atom
1057:Xeon
652:800
472:GTL+
452:byte
438:The
384:Xeon
345:Dell
283:BIOS
262:FPGA
217:The
112:and
46:The
2569:AXI
2498:I²S
2452:USB
2437:D²B
2432:SPI
2427:I3C
2409:I²C
2344:HIL
2329:DCB
2300:or
2287:SSA
2270:SAS
2230:SMD
2225:IPI
2147:AGP
2137:PXI
2127:PCI
2122:UPA
2102:VLB
2092:MCA
2077:VPX
2072:VXS
2067:VXI
2062:VME
2047:LPC
2017:ISA
1525:314
1429:100
1274:CPU
1194:266
1023:133
985:200
969:1-4
947:133
931:1-4
912:1-4
757:100
643:100
507:CPU
476:EV6
450:(8-
448:bit
405:or
392:AMD
343:or
337:PCs
234:or
223:MHz
213:CPU
172:'s
170:AMD
56:bus
52:FSB
2615::
2419:,
2415:,
1714:.
1689:.
1655:.
1629:.
1609:}}
1605:{{
1589:.
1555:.
1527:.
1315:66
1311:K6
1292:K5
486:.
417:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
363:.
238:.
92:,
88:,
70:.
2571:)
2567:(
2423:)
2411:(
1865:e
1858:t
1851:v
1806:.
1781:.
1740:.
1726:.
1700:.
1671:.
1641:.
1615:)
1601:.
1574:.
1537:.
1489:2
1470:2
1451:2
1432:2
1413:2
1394:2
1375:2
1356:1
1337:1
1318:1
1299:1
1254:4
1235:4
1216:4
1197:4
1178:4
1159:4
1140:4
1121:4
1102:4
1083:4
1064:4
1045:2
1026:2
1007:4
988:4
950:4
893:4
874:4
855:4
836:4
817:4
798:4
779:4
760:4
741:4
722:1
703:1
684:1
665:1
646:1
627:1
608:1
589:1
570:1
551:1
532:1
188:-
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
