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1558:"‘Cupid, Psyche, and the “Sun-Frog”’, Custom and Myth: (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1884)." In The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang, Volume 1: Anthropology, Fairy Tale, Folklore, The Origins of Religion, Psychical Research, edited by Teverson Andrew, Warwick Alexandra, and Wilson Leigh, 66-78. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. Accessed June 25, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt16r0jdk.9.
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517:: put a frog in boiling water and it will jump out, but put it in cold water and slowly heat it, and it will not notice the danger and will be boiled alive. The story was based on nineteenth century experiments in which frogs were shown to stay in heating water as long as it was heated very slowly. The validity of the experiments is however disputed. Professor
638:
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saying about having a narrow vision of life is found in
Sanskrit ("Kupa Manduka", कुपमन्डुक), in Bengali, কুপমন্ডুক), in Vietnamese "Ếch ngồi đáy giếng coi trời bằng vung" ("Sitting at the bottom of wells, frogs think that the sky is as wide as a lid"), and in Malay "Bagai katak dibawah tempurung"
153:
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c. 1630; in 2012, the artists Rob and Nick Carter created a silent digital version, lasting three hours, in which the "still" image "slowly, imperceptibly" changes with the movement of the sun, and occasionally an insect such as a dragonfly enters the scene.
661:
1113:(ADL) included Pepe in its hate symbol database in 2016, but said most instances of Pepe were not used in a hate-related context. Since then, Furie has expressed his dismay at Pepe being used as a hate symbol and has sued organizations for doing so.
699:
285:
asking for a King. Zeus set up a log to be their monarch. The Frogs protested they wanted a fierce and terrible king, not a mere figurehead. So Zeus sent them a Stork to be their king. The new king hunted and devoured his subjects.
535:
have been discovered under the floors of some churches, and in other places such as in a field, under a cowshed, in rapids, or in a hearth. They are thought to have been part of a practice of magic, or to protect against magic.
451:
In Hans
Christian Andersen's lengthy fairy tale "The Marsh King's Daughter," a beautiful young woman is transformed, night after night, into a large, mournful frog. With the first rays of dawn, she changes back to human form.
913:, anthropomorphic frogs are one of the fictional races from an alternate universe of the same namesake and as anthropomorphic amphibians are the sentient beings there, the frogs seem to play the role of humans.
521:, Harvard University Biology Department, says: "If you put a frog in boiling water, it won't jump out. It will die. If you put it in cold water, it will jump before it gets hot—they don't sit still for you."
182:. Heqet was usually depicted as a frog, or a woman with a frog's head, or more rarely as a frog on the end of a phallus to explicitly indicate her association with fertility. A lesser known Egyptian god,
1120:. Despite being used in a political context, Pepe the Frog's use in Hong Kong is not perceived as being connected with alt-right ideology. Furie has welcomed the use of Pepe by Hong Kong protesters.
543:, since it may stunt the child's growth. Hence, there is a verbal avoidance of mentioning the frog by its name, instead using a euphemism that denotes some trait (i.e, 'the one that jumps').
2547:
1569:
510:, and the Frog spirit Ch'ing-Wa Sheng is associated with healing and good fortune in business, although a frog in a well is symbolic of a person lacking in understanding and vision.
617:
2227:
503:
Other frog proverbs include the
American "You can't tell by looking at a frog how high he will jump" and the Iranian "When the snake gets old, the frog gets him by the balls."
137:, prompting Enki to send various watery creatures to retrieve them. The first of these is a frog, whom Enki grasps "by its right hand." Frogs also appear as filling motifs on
2285:
680:
2525:
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2256:
490:("Like a frog under a coconut shell").. The Chinese versions are "坐井觀天" ("sitting in the well, looking to the sky") and "井底之蛙" ("a frog in a well") from the
1407:
1402:
2176:
601:
197:, a group of eight "primeval" gods, as having the heads of frogs (male) and serpents (female), and they are often depicted in this way in reliefs of the
1878:(S.l.: Voyageur Press, 2001) includes chapters on "frogs in popular culture, their physical characteristics and behavior, and environmental challenges."
733:
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in one experiment the temperature was raised at a rate of 0.002°C. per second, and the frog was found dead at the end of 2½ hours without having moved.
2483:
1848:
1579:
745:
1899:
66:, frogs symbolized fertility, while in classical antiquity, the Greeks and Romans associated frogs with fertility, harmony, and licentiousness.
81:
feature in popular culture. They are eaten in some parts of the world including France. In
Australia, a fondant dessert is known as frog cake.
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1201:. Translated by Anna Gutowska. Monographs. Warsaw: Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. 2017 . p. 320 (footnote nr. 23).
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1094:. Different types of Pepe memes include "Sad Frog", "Smug Frog", "Angry Pepe", "Feels Frog", and "You will never..." Frog. Since 2014, "
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1784:. Translated by Anna Gutowska. Monographs. Warsaw: Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. 2017 . pp. 64-66, 71.
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2569:
2337:"Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in "Post-Fact" Society"
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The frog is also a character in many fairy tales, be it tales from oral tradition or literary reworkings by later writers.
725:
653:
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According to researcher Anna
Engelking, there is a certain naming taboo in Polish folk belief regarding calling a child a
157:
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273:
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that has a frog living in an abandoned well, who talks about things big and small with the turtle of the
Eastern Sea.
2242:
2143:
Chapman, Graham; Cleese, John; Gilliam, Terry; Idle, Eric; Jones, Terry; Palin, Michael (1989). Wilmut, Roger (ed.).
221:, which deposited rich silt on the banks, allowing the Egyptians to grow crops. In Lower Egypt, he was adorned with
2247:
95:
listed myths about a frog or toad that swallows or blocks the flow of waters occurring in many world mythologies.
2633:
2401:, Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Conflict, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 105–125,
2226:
Cite error: The named reference "Pepe the Frog 4chan" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
2128:
1636:
164:
To the
Egyptians, the frog was a symbol of life and fertility, since millions of them were born after the annual
718:
608:
361:
distinguished land frogs from water frogs representing righteous and sinful congregationists, respectively. In
249:
The Greeks and Romans associated frogs with fertility and harmony, and with licentiousness in association with
2168:
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777:
629:
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54:
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1549:. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. p. 131.
586:
528:", which appeared in magazines in the 1920s, is about the qualities of a frog from a bird's perspective.
2449:
1651:
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2399:
Nazi and
Holocaust Representations in Anglo-American Popular Culture, 1945–2020: Irreverent Remembrance
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Originally an apolitical character, Pepe was appropriated from 2015 to 2016 onward as a symbol of the
1903:
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908:
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2395:"That is Really Meme: Nazi Pepe the Frog and the Subversion of Anglo-American Holocaust Remembrance"
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352:
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1078:. The character became an Internet meme when his popularity steadily grew across websites such as
840:
species are based on frogs and toads, such as the
Poliwrath, Politoed, Seismitoad, Toxicroak, and
430:
It also acts as a helper of the heroes and heroines, such as in the beginning of the story of the
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The supposed behavior of frogs illustrating nonaction is told in the often-repeated story of the
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763:"My Old Friend Dr. Frog". Promotional postcard for "Frog In Your Throat" Company throat medicine
2602:
What Can the
Mythical Frog Tell Us? The Symbolism and Role of the Frog in History and Modernity
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2013:
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1757:"Frogs in Miniature Coffins from Churches in Finland - Folk Magic in Christian Holy Places"
205:
in particular is sometimes depicted either with the head of a frog surmounted by a beetle.
19:
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409:. It also appears as a female bride in tales of type ATU 402, "The Animal Bride", such as
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Pepe remains a recognizable and familiar sight on social media platforms such as 4chan,
106:
see "a link between frogs and the underworld, and – by extension – sickness and death".
98:
On the other hand, researcher Anna Engelking drew attention to the fact that studies on
952:
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is a goddess whose looks are inspired by frogs. She is from the bullet hell video game
792:
332:
202:
133:
49:
2450:"What Makes a Symbol Far Right? Co-opted and Missed Meanings in Far-Right Iconography"
951:, frogs' legs, and although it is not especially common, it is taken as indicative of
759:
131:, the goddess Inanna tricks Enki, the god of water, into giving her all of the sacred
2627:
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1969:
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928:, which took inspiration from it, frogs exist as the common monster enemy Froggits.
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The frog or toad appears as a potential suitor to a female human in variants of the
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in 2008. By 2015, he had become one of the most popular memes used on 4chan and
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532:
486:
455:
The toad appears as a transformation for the hero Jiraiya in the Japanese story
374:
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238:
92:
63:
468:, in a tale from Sanskrit legend. The amphibian, in this story, symbolizes the
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2203:"4chan's Pepe the Frog is bigger than ever—and his creator feels good, man"
752:
2068:
1229:
Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
559:
worshipped animals and often depicted frogs in their art. Painters of the
168:, which brought fertility to the otherwise barren lands. Consequently, in
1606:
1071:
879:
841:
411:
225:
plants, and attended by frogs, present in the region, and symbols of it.
142:
41:
1469:"Matsuo Bashō's Frog Haiku (Thirty-one Translations and One Commentary)"
936:
2042:"Pepe the Frog: yes, a harmless cartoon can become an alt-right mascot"
1079:
781:
568:
457:
222:
173:
73:, of proverbs in various cultures, and of art. Frog characters such as
2014:"Pepe the Frog's Creator: I'm Reclaiming Him. He Was Never About Hate"
1605:, Chapters 秋水 ("The Floods of Autumn") and 至樂 ("Perfect Enjoyment").
1127:
1091:
1052:
922:, universes exist in the form of enormous Genesis Frogs. In the game
491:
123:
2145:
The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus: All the Words, Volume One
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70:
18:
2540:"Pepe the Frog creator wins $ 15,000 settlement against Infowars"
1067:
556:
282:
127:
403:
type ATU 440, "The Frog King". The most famous is the story of
469:
563:
sometimes included frogs in their compositions; for example,
1547:
The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography
1425:. Kenneth Dover (ed.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), p. 2.
1294:
The Gods of the Egyptians: Or, Studies in Egyptian Mythology
1035:
1029:
295:
2278:"We Asked The Art World How Much Rare Pepes Are Going For"
1411:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
506:
In Chinese traditional culture, frogs represent the lunar
464:
The frog appears in the form of a beautiful maiden, named
1529:. University of California Press. 1977. pp. 101-102, 179.
1134:, where images are modified into custom Pepe-based emoji.
947:
Frogs are eaten, notably in France. One dish is known as
1735:"The Frog Round: a Children's Folk Song sung as a Round"
1098:" have been posted on the "meme market" as if they were
294:
about a frog trying to inflate itself to the size of an
2083:"Why do the French call the British 'the roast beefs'?"
2570:"Pepe青蛙成逆權運動文宣〜網民去信告知原作者, 原作者: 「Pepe for the people!」"
2196:
2194:
2147:. New York, New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 71–73.
1044:
955:. From this, "frog" has also developed into a common
237:
A frog being eaten by King Stork, an illustration by
1032:
1026:
1188:. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green. 1906. pp. 42-46.
1023:
2608:, 77 (2019): 63-91. doi:10.7592/FEJF2019.77.pallua
1607:Chinese text and James Legge's English translation
1331:
186:, was also sometimes shown in the form of a frog.
2335:Mihailidis, Paul; Viotty, Samantha (2017-04-01).
2243:"Tumblr's Biggest Meme of 2015 Was Pepe the Frog"
1334:The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
2393:Demsky, Jeffrey (2021), Demsky, Jeffrey (ed.),
1926:"Characters / The Muppet Show. Kermit the Frog"
1849:"Dead frog painting that rots before your eyes"
339:, frogs are associated with unclean spirits in
316:, in which the choir of frogs sings the famous
69:Frogs are the subjects of fables attributed to
1802:The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the
886:, and was eventually used as a symbol of the
776:features prominently in popular culture, from
1074:body, Pepe originated in Furie's 2005 comic
213:was a deification of the annual flood of the
8:
1116:In 2019, Pepe was used by protesters in the
1264:. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 106–08.
1993:My Hero Academia (TV Series 2016– ) - IMDb
1679:"Next Time, What Say We Boil a Consultant"
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
261:) was a mock epic, commonly attributed to
1900:"Michigan J. Frog has no leg to stand on"
1705:. Vol. 101, no. 39. 1922-09-28.
1232:. The British Museum Press. p. 118.
969:is a popular Australian chocolate, while
255:The combat between the Frogs and the Mice
1641:"Studies From the Biological Laboratory"
2606:Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore
2524:was invoked but never defined (see the
2507:was invoked but never defined (see the
2456:. transcript Verlag. pp. 123–132.
1804:Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera
1643:. N. Murray, Johns Hopkins University.
1283:
1281:
1177:
582:
388:about a frog jumping into an old pond.
369:, the frog also became associated with
2454:Post-Digital Cultures of the Far Right
1800:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum.
1782:The Curse - On Folk Magic of the Word
1660:
1649:
1226:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992).
2448:Miller-Idriss, Cynthia (2018-12-17).
1438:The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols
1199:The Curse - On Folk Magic of the Word
981:is a fictitious confectionery from a
751:Frog pictured in the coat of arms of
436:, and in French literary fairy tales
26:by Getsuju, a Japanese artist of the
7:
1495:"The best frogs in children's books"
898:Touhou Fuujinroku: Mountain of Faith
739:Roman lamp mount shaped like a frog.
2519:
2502:
2225:
176:, who represented fertility, named
2259:from the original on July 25, 2017
2241:Hathaway, Jay (December 9, 2015).
2215:from the original on June 29, 2016
2169:"J.K. Rowling Web Chat Transcript"
2040:Segal, Oren (September 29, 2016).
1155:Salamanders in folklore and legend
14:
2550:from the original on May 13, 2020
2538:Swinyard, Holly (June 13, 2019).
1847:Waters, Florence (6 March 2013).
1568:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2011-09-08).
1262:Symbolic and Mythological Animals
265:, though in fact a parody of his
2520:Cite error: The named reference
2503:Cite error: The named reference
2307:"About US – Rare Pepe Directory"
2179:from the original on 6 June 2011
2012:Furie, Matt (October 13, 2016).
1493:Eccleshare, Julia (2015-11-16).
1385:
1160:
1019:
1006:This section is an excerpt from
744:
732:
717:
698:
679:
660:
637:
616:
600:
585:
306:) wrote versions of this fable.
2580:from the original on 2020-02-28
2486:from the original on 2022-01-19
2431:from the original on 2022-01-19
2375:from the original on 2022-01-19
2317:from the original on 2020-02-27
2288:from the original on 2018-08-21
2132:. 12 September 2001. p. 9.
1545:Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith.
1338:. Thames & Hudson. p.
481:Proverbs and popular traditions
458:The Tale of the Gallant Jiraiya
2109:"Freddo The Frog creator dies"
1001:Pepe the Frog in 4chan culture
611:, cartoon, Japan, 12th century
320:line: "Brekekekex koax koax."
1:
2341:American Behavioral Scientist
2201:Khan, Imad (April 12, 2015).
1898:Mahan, Colin (26 July 2005).
850:, also known as Froppy, is a
803:that turn people into frogs.
654:Catherine the Great of Russia
531:In Finland, miniature wooden
384:wrote one of his most famous
2619:History and Lore of the Toad
2126:"Protection for frog cake".
1435:Becker, Udo (January 2000).
1118:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
274:The Frogs Who Desired a King
160:(c. 3000 BC) frog statuette)
16:Overview of frogs in culture
2407:10.1007/978-3-030-79221-3_7
1755:Hukantaival, Sonja (2015).
878:is a frog character from a
172:, there began to be a frog-
2655:
1721:American Consular Bulletin
1005:
277:is a fable, attributed to
2462:10.1515/9783839446706-009
2113:The Sydney Morning Herald
1885:11 September 2007 at the
1186:Myth, Ritual and Religion
932:Cuisine and confectionery
421:(Russian fairy tale) and
347:Medieval and Early Modern
2353:10.1177/0002764217701217
1902:. TV.com. Archived from
1473:Bureau of Public Secrets
768:Contemporary pop culture
533:coffins containing frogs
373:or as an ingredient for
335:8:6 is of frogs. In the
36:play a variety of roles
1408:Encyclopædia Britannica
1366:, 43, or Moralia, 873f.
1364:De Herodoti Malignitate
1150:List of fictional frogs
985:skit of the same name.
882:which became a popular
844:evolutionary families.
674:, between 1889 and 1894
630:Ambrosius Bosschaert II
565:Ambrosius Bosschaert II
442:(by MMe. d'Aulnoy) and
392:In folk and fairy tales
100:Indo-European mythology
2600:Vince-Pallua, Jelka. "
1880:Are There Fewer Frogs?
1659:Cite journal requires
1314:On the Primaeval Ocean
1111:Anti-Defamation League
1063:. Designed as a green
1059:created by cartoonist
944:
764:
281:. The Frogs prayed to
246:
161:
30:
2639:Amphibians in culture
2311:rarepepedirectory.com
1618:Quoted at the end of
1328:Wilkinson, Richard H.
973:is a Heritage Listed
949:cuisses de grenouille
939:
784:settings such as the
762:
710:Still life with fruit
670:("Frog and Toad") by
668:Crapaud et Grenouille
607:Wrestling frogs from
445:The Little Green Frog
427:(German fairy tale).
415:(German fairy tale),
236:
156:
22:
1970:"The Froakie Family"
1948:"The Poliwag Family"
1723:. Vol. 4. 1922.
1311:Smith, Mark (2002).
724:Old Dutch tile from
625:Dead Frog with Flies
576:Dead Frog with Flies
401:Aarne–Thompson–Uther
195:Ogdoad of Hermepolis
166:flooding of the Nile
2248:Daily Intelligencer
1906:on 4 September 2014
1810:Thames & Hudson
1289:Budge, E. A. Wallis
1260:Cooper, JC (1992).
943:advertisement, 1930
706:Hermenegildo Bustos
687:Entre ciel et terre
652:, 1773–4, made for
609:Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga
439:The Benevolent Frog
353:Christian tradition
312:is a comic play by
304:Jean de La Fontaine
229:Classical antiquity
110:Ancient Mesopotamia
2173:The Leaky Cauldron
2115:. 29 January 2007.
1703:Christian Register
1575:The Times of India
1570:"Frog in the well"
1375:A. Ludwich (1896).
945:
854:with frog-related
765:
555:people of ancient
424:The Three Feathers
380:The Japanese poet
247:
219:Egyptian mythology
199:Greco-Roman period
170:Egyptian mythology
162:
31:
2471:978-3-8394-4670-6
2416:978-3-030-79221-3
1874:Badger, David P.
1790:978-83-64031-63-2
1780:Engelking, Anna.
1737:. Music Files Ltd
1637:Sedgwick, William
1525:Thompson, Stith.
1441:. A&C Black.
1403:Batrachomyomachia
1301:pp. 284–286.
1299:Methuen & Co.
1207:978-83-64031-63-2
1197:Engelking, Anna.
977:fondant dessert.
526:What a queer bird
476:In modern culture
418:The Frog Princess
331:described in the
259:Batrachomyomachia
2646:
2634:Frogs in culture
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2175:. 30 July 2007.
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987:Chocolate Frogs
957:derogatory term
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830:The Muppet Show
815:Kermit the Frog
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778:The Frog Prince
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406:The Frog Prince
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55:The Frog Prince
40:, appearing in
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60:ancient Egypt
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29:
25:
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2582:. Retrieved
2574:Holiday 假期日常
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2544:The Guardian
2543:
2533:
2516:
2499:
2488:. Retrieved
2453:
2443:
2433:, retrieved
2398:
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2377:. Retrieved
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2319:. Retrieved
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2217:. Retrieved
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2181:. Retrieved
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2121:
2112:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2086:
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2053:November 19,
2051:. Retrieved
2047:The Guardian
2045:
2035:
2025:November 19,
2023:. Retrieved
2017:
2007:
1997:, retrieved
1992:
1986:
1976:December 29,
1974:. Retrieved
1964:
1954:December 29,
1952:. Retrieved
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1893:
1875:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1852:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1817:
1801:
1796:
1781:
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1763:
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1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1720:
1711:
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1682:. Retrieved
1673:
1652:cite journal
1644:
1631:
1620:Embroideries
1619:
1614:
1600:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:the original
1573:
1563:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1527:The Folktale
1526:
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1499:The Guardian
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1472:
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1452:. Retrieved
1437:
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1185:
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1115:
1104:
1075:
1013:
995:Harry Potter
983:Monty Python
979:Crunchy Frog
965:
963:in English.
948:
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909:
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819:straight man
805:
801:magic spells
791:
785:
771:
709:
691:Gustave Doré
686:
672:Jean Carriès
667:
650:Frog Service
623:
595:frog, 200 AD
574:
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382:Matsuo Bashō
379:
375:love potions
356:
350:
322:
318:onomatopoeic
314:Aristophanes
307:
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113:
97:
88:
68:
53:
48:such as the
37:
33:
32:
23:
1084:Gaia Online
967:Freddo Frog
941:Freddo Frog
797:video games
515:boiled frog
358:Physiologus
302:(and later
239:Milo Winter
191:Late Period
93:Andrew Lang
64:Mesopotamia
46:fairy tales
2628:Categories
2584:2019-08-22
2490:2022-01-19
2435:2022-01-18
2379:2022-01-19
2321:2018-08-21
2292:2018-08-21
2263:2017-09-14
2219:January 4,
1999:2020-03-28
1972:. Bogleech
1950:. Bogleech
1808:New York:
1741:2018-03-15
1717:"The Frog"
1684:2006-03-10
1512:2023-04-21
1454:2013-02-17
1362:Plutarch.
1173:References
1096:rare Pepes
1076:Boy's Club
1061:Matt Furie
997:universe.
890:movement.
848:Tsuyu Asui
644:Detail of
572:still life
567:painted a
371:witchcraft
341:Revelation
241:in a 1919
215:Nile River
201:. The god
90:Folklorist
38:in culture
28:Edo period
2526:help page
2509:help page
2480:240030613
2425:238951868
2369:151950124
2361:0002-7642
2228:help page
1932:4 January
1910:4 January
1507:0261-3077
1107:alt-right
971:frog cake
925:Undertale
919:Homestuck
888:alt-right
852:superhero
813:cartoon.
726:Friesland
632:, c. 1630
367:occultism
351:Medieval
309:The Frogs
251:Aphrodite
245:anthology
119:epic poem
52:story of
2578:Archived
2554:July 26,
2548:Archived
2484:Archived
2429:archived
2373:Archived
2315:Archived
2286:Archived
2257:Archived
2253:New York
2213:Archived
2177:Archived
2093:12 April
2087:BBC News
1883:Archived
1602:Zhuangzi
1330:(2003).
1317:. p. 38.
1291:(1904).
1139:See also
1072:humanoid
910:Amphibia
880:webcomic
842:Greninja
836:Several
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